Waɗanne iri ne ake kira hunturu? Waɗannan su ne apples waɗanda suka iya jurewa a lokacin sanyi, lokacin da ake buƙatar bitamin fiye da kowane lokaci.
Wadannan su ne Urals hunturu iri-iri. Iset Late.
Cikakken bayanin fasalin da hotuna, karanta labarin.
Wane irin ne?
Wadannan apples sun haɗa don hunturu iri-iri Sverdlovsk Gwajin Kayan Gwaji.
Yawan nau'ikan iri iri ne da likitan kimiyyar aikin gona ke bred. L. A. Kotov by wucewa iri amber kuma Karimci.
Itacen bishiya ya fara bada 'ya'ya a shekara ta biyar.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun tashi a farkon fall (an cire apples a cikin karshen watan Satumba) da kuma ci gaba har sai spring (watan Maris-Maris).
Vityaz, Zvezdochka, Zavetny, Lada da Krasa na Sverdlovsk sun kasance cikin nau'o'in hunturu tare da wannan lokacin.
Bambanci mai kyau transportability. Daidai don amfani da shi azaman "halitta" tsari, kuma a cikin nau'i na jam, jam, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, giya.
Ya kamata a takaitaccen bayani game da fasahar ajiya don hunturu (za'a bayyana shi cikin wani labarin dabam) - watau. daidai yadda za a adana (cellar, buckets, kwalaye, da dai sauransu).
Ya kamata a tuna cewa wadannan apples tsaroless kafin scabda kuma, kamar kowane apples a general, mai girma sha odors.
Idan an adana su a cikin rami, to, kada ku kasance wasu kayan lambu da kayan lambu mai tushe - wannan ya sa apples ba su iya jin dadi ba. Zaka iya adana su cikin kwalaye ko buckets, ba tare da sawdust da takarda ba, a cikin zazzabi daga darajar 0 zuwa +4.
Ruwan jini
Isetskoe daga baya yana nufin samobedplodnyh iri. Yana buƙatar giciye-pollination. Za ku iya shuka kusa da kowane nau'i-nau'i-nau'i.
Sauran yanayin zafi-iri-iri sun hada da: Gorno-Altai, Gran Smith Smith, Uralets, Orlovskoye Polesye da Altai Rumyany.
Bayani na Isetsky a cikin sauti
Bisa ga alamu na waje, irin wannan kamala ya fi kama da "mahaifi" - iri-iri "Mai karimci".
Tree ne daban matsakaici tsayi, Hardy Hardy. Crohn zagaye siffar.
A harbe ne matsakaici lokacin farin ciki, launin ruwan kasa, taso keya a yanke.
A ganye suna da matte haske koren launi, tushe tasowa, short petiole.
Alamar ta elongated, nuna. Furen ƙananan suna da ƙananan, suna da tsalle, da fararen fata tare da tinge mai launin ruwan kasa, tsummoki da stigmas da pistils.
Ƙananan apple (yawanci ba ya wuce 100 g), da aka kulle a kan itace, yana da siffar mazugi mai kwalliya, an nuna raguwa a hankali. Fatar jiki yana nuna mai laushi mai laushi da man fetur a cikin hunturu; ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da launi mai dadi mai dadi.
Hotuna
Tarihin kiwo
Har zuwa karni na 20, aikin lambu bai yi girma a Siberia da Urals ba. Bugu da ƙari, mutane da yawa sun yi tsunduma, banda ga 'yan masoya guda daya waɗanda suka girma bishiyoyi daga' ya'yan itace da kuma tsirrai da aka samo daga yankuna masu zafi.
Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon shekarun 1930. Ural Zonal Fruit da Berry Station ne northernmost a cikin Union.
Makasudin masu shayarwa Ural sa'an nan kuma har zuwa wannan rana yana da zaɓi da kuma kiwon amfanin gona da za su ji daɗi a cikin matsanancin yanayi na Urals da Siberia kuma har ma suna da 'ya'ya masu mahimmanci, kuma a lokaci guda sunyi tsayayya da tasiri, irin su scab.
Wadannan masu bincike na Ural wadanda ke da alhakin kasar don bayyanar da nau'o'in iri daban-daban na zamani, masu tsada da kuma mai dadi, mai haske, cikakke. bitamin C da R.
Ural breeders bred, alal misali, Uralets, Nastenka, Anis Sverdlovsk, Altai Crimson da Belfleur Bashkir.
Har ila yau musamman manyan-fruited apple itatuwa, wanda 'ya'yan itatuwa zasu iya kai 250 g
Ko da ma mazaunan arewacin yankunan arewacin ba a hana su "'ya'yan itatuwa na aljanna" - abin da ake kira "nau'in' ya'yan 'ya'yan itace".
Yana da matsakaici, yin la'akari babu fiye da 80 g apples tare da hunturu hardiness.
Daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru na kwanan nan na masu shayarwa na Ural - kiwo Hardy iri ba ji tsoron scab. Ko da a lokacin epiphytotic, suna mai da hankali sosai kuma ba sa bukatar magani tare da magunguna masu guba.
Tsayayya da nau'o'in scab irin su Winter Beauty, Marina, Antonovka talakawa, Bogatyr da 'yar Melba.
Wannan, duk da haka, ba za a iya faɗi game da Isetsky Late ba - wannan nau'in ba shine tsayayya ga scab ba.
Yankin ci gaban halitta
Bisa ga Ƙididdiga na Ƙididdigar Ƙirƙirar Ƙira, ana iya amfani dasu a Urals da yankin Volga-Vyatka. Zuwa "mazaunin" wadannan apples suna da yawa Perm, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Sverdlovsk yankuna, ma Udmurtia. Akwai a wasu sassa Yankin Volgo-Vyatkaamma ƙasa da sau da yawa.
Don dasa shuki a cikin wadannan yankuna, iri suna da kyau: Rennet Chernenko, Snowdrop, Pepin Saffron, Ural Bulk da Solntsedar.
Yawo
Itacen ya fara bada 'ya'ya a kan lambar biyar bayan budding, halin yawan amfanin ƙasa, matsanancin zafi da damuwa na fari, matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici (hunturu).
An cire apples by karshen watan Satumba.
Duration na ajiya da amfani kwanaki 150 ne.
Dasa da kulawa
Ayyuka masu kyau na lambu lokacin da dasa shuki - mahimmanci ga cigaba da girbi na seedling, da kuma iyawar kula da shi zai taimaka wajen samun girbi mafi kyau.
Shuka mafi kyau a cikin bazara - karshen watan Afrilu da farkon Mayu, a kan ƙasa wanda ya tafi kuma ya ɓace bayan hunturu. A farkon farkon sapling yana da muhimmanci ga ruwa akai-akai da kuma alherisabõda haka, tushen ba su bushe.
Ramin da ƙasa an shirya game da kwana bakwai kafin a dasa shuka. Tare da ƙasa mai kyau Matsakaicin zurfin ba ya wuce 60 cm. Idan ƙasa ta bar yawan da ake so, fossa ya zama mai zurfi goma.
An rataye tsaka a tsakiyar rami, daya daga ƙarshen - wanda ya shiga ƙasa - ya kamata a ƙone. Ba zai bar shi ya juya ba.
Ramin ya cika da cakuda: takin, humus, Organic taki, peat, taki, topsoil.
A tsakiyar akwai rami, inda aka zuba kananan ƙasa baƙar fata, sa'an nan kuma an shuka shuka.
Wannan karshen yana daura da cola don kauce wa hazo.
Next rami cike da buƙan ruwa guda uku ko hudu kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa.
Don ajiye bishiyoyi masu tsirrai da kuma masu sanyi zuwa sanyi, 3 apples apples a kowace meter mita ya zama cikakke a kan itacen. bar. Don yin wannan, dole ne mai kula ya tsara yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka girbe kuma ya cire su a lokaci.
In ba haka ba, '' yara '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ' Saboda haka, kashi biyu cikin uku na launi na apple za a cire.
Hanyoyi biyu: tsage furanni tare da hannayenku ko yada shi tare da 0.7% bayani na soda ash.
Wannan karshen yafi sauri, amma sakamakon ya fi muni - itacen yana haifar da ingancin gaggawa na gaggawa na ganye da konewa tare da soda. Abin da ya sa irin wadannan bishiyoyi ba su ba da fiye da guda biyu na apples - da biyar daga bishiyoyi, inda aka yi amfani da hanyar "manual".
Babban muhimmancin shine lokacin cire apples. Don haka itacen yana da lokaci don shirya don hunturu kuma apples sun ci gaba da dandano, ba zai yiwu a jinkirta girbi na 'ya'yan itace ba. Iset shi marigayi watan ashirin na Satumba.
Cututtuka da kwari
Bayan haka //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, yanayin hunturu suna barazana da irin wannan mummunan yanayi asu.
Don magance shi, ana yadu itace: mafita na karbofos (kimanin 90 g / 1l na ruwa), rovikurt (10 g da lita) ko benzophosphate.
Daidai kuma dendrobatsillin kuma bitoxibicillin. Idan an kara scab zuwa ga kwayar cutar, sai a kara Bordeaux maye gurbin.
Itacen itacen apple zai iya kai hari kuma ja Tick. Don magance shi amfani da wannan karbofos ko sulfa kwayoyi.
Babu rashin lafiya mai hatsari bacteriosis. Idan ba kuyi yaki ba, itacen apple zai iya mutuwa a cikin kakar daya. Don yin wannan, dole ne ka yanke rassan da ya shafa, kawo game da inimita takwas na takwas marasa nama.
Dole ne a yi cututtukan wuri mai lalacewa tare da kashi daya bisa dari na jan karfe sulfate kuma an rufe shi da filin farar ƙasa.
Kada ka manta game da irin wadannan kwari kamar 'ya'yan itace, da tsutsa, tsutsa, da moths. Tsarin kariya na lokaci zai taimaka wajen adana girbi.
Kyawawan 'ya'yan itace na hunturu za su ji dadin ka da haske,' ya'yan itace masu kyau, ko da a lokacin sanyi, don haka dole ka bi dokoki - kada ka kasance m, shuka shuka daidai kuma ka kula da itacen apple ba tare da yin la'akari da 'ya'yan itatuwa ba.
Kuma, ba shakka, a hankali duba, tuna cewa wannan iri-iri ne m ga kwari da scab.
