A cikin tsarin ginshiƙan kowace itace akwai muhimmin mahimmanci na aikin ilimin lissafi - sapwood.
Ya cika sarari a tsakanin ainihin itace da haushi, shi ne jagoran kayan abinci da ruwa daga tushen zuwa kambi da baya.
A cikin wannan yanayi mai kyau kuma zaunar da ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwa daga iyalin ƙuƙwarar ƙusar ƙanƙara - sapwood.
Sapwood jinsunan da yankunan rarraba
200 nau'i na weevil beetles ya shiga cikin ilimin halittu na kwari da albarkatu na Arewacin Hemisphere da Amurka ta Kudu, kuma 50 daga cikin su suna wakilci a cikin masu kwarewa a kasarmu.
Wadannan kwari suna "kwarewa" a cikin wadanda aka horar da su (apple, pear, da sauransu) da kuma cikin tsire-tsire iri iri kamar su dutse, hawthorn, cornel, deciduous da coniferous bishiyoyi.
Dukkan lokaci na cigaba da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaro yana faruwa a cikin mahimmancin aikin aikin bishiyar, sabili da haka sa shi mummunan lalacewa, digge ta hanyoyi masu yawa, yaduwa da su tare da haɗari mai haɗari, lalata kwayoyin cambium (samar da karuwa a jikin sutura), haifar da maganin wariyar launin fata.
Don bayani: Ɗaya daga cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar itace ta shiga cikin rayuwarta har zuwa 3 kwari 6 cm tsawo. Yawancin mace daya ne har zuwa 100 qwai. Kuna iya tunanin irin lalacewar da kashi daya daga cikin wadannan kwari suke yi.
Kusan kowace irin itace samun nauyin ku (mono-phage), wanda ya fi son wadannan tsire-tsire don tabbatar da wanzuwarsa:
- 'ya'yan itace;
- birch sap;
- itacen oak saplings;
- almond;
- Kakuma, da dai sauransu.
Wasu jinsuna suna nuna fifiko ga yankin rarraba:
- Ussuri;
- Moravitsa sapwood (Dauria, Northeast China).
Daban-bambancen nau'o'in an samo shi ta hanyar siffofi na siffar kwaro:
- Ƙarjin ƙarewa;
- wrinkled;
- Sapman
Fruit Type Description
- Sapod - Dark Brown oligophage ƙwaro:
- har zuwa 4mm;
- tare da m elytra da equilateral pronotum;
- abdomen na 8 sassa, madaidaiciya, sloping;
- wani ɗan ƙarami, kamar dai shi ne, a cikin kirji;
- antennae tare da m thickenings a kan iyakar (clubs), densely rufe gashi;
- takalma shida tare da hakori mai kwalliya a kan ƙananan kafa;
- tare da mai yawa gashi da Sikeli rufe dukan jiki.
- A jinsin suna halin jima'i dimorphism.
- Qwai suna farar fata, nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i har zuwa 1 mm kowace. A kwanciya - qwai 50-100.
- Yawan tsutsa ne fari, mai laushi, tare da tinge, har zuwa 5 mm; tare da takardun kiraus waɗanda suke samar da shi tare da motsi; babban mutum - launin ruwan duhu;
- Rashin farin yana da launi a cikin launi na metamorphosis na ƙwaro, daidai da girmansa; m, raguwa, tare da fikafikan fuka-fuki mai karfi.
Gaskiya: Wani ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙwayoyi masu sutura, suna ƙoƙari su satar 'ya'yan itatuwa, musamman bishiyoyi. Yana da ƙarami a girman (har zuwa 3 mm) da kuma baki baƙar fata ba tare da mai haske ba. Jirginsa a neman sabon gida zai fara wata daya daga baya zuwa Yuli zuwa Agusta.
Hotuna
Kuna iya ganin yadda sapwood ya dubi hoton da ke ƙasa:
Matsayin ci gaba na tsinkar birch
- Bayyana irin ƙwaro a kan itacen da zai zama gidansa ya sauka farkon Yuni - tsakiyar watan Yuli.
Birch sapwood ya zaɓi wani akwati kuma rassan rassan bishiyoyi sun raunana bayan hunturu ko kuma sakamakon sakamakon cinikin gona na bishiyar, yana raguwa a cikin su da kuma samar da hanyoyi masu yawa, ciyarwa a kan yarinya. A can, ƙarƙashin haushi, taru a kungiyoyi, zai kasance don ciyar da hunturu.
- Matar tana da wani aiki: tana buƙatar ta hanyar tabatattun matsala tare da tsawo da kuma gefen gefe don damuwa.
Yin aiki irin wannan aiki yana buƙatar ƙoƙari, don haka mace tana cikin shirin shirya wani wuri don zuriya ciyarwa mai ƙarfi a kan rawanin ruwa na sapwood.
- Tashi yana faruwa a cikin wani ɓangare na annoba, bayan haka mace ta lalata qwai a cikin fossa na gefen kuma ta rufe su tare da gwangwani daga gishiri.
Da ya cika manufarsa kuma ya rufe babban ƙofar da jikinsa, ya mutu.
- A cikin dumi na sararin samaniya, ƙwai ya juya cikin ƙuƙwalwa, wanda ke yin sababbin sababbin wurare a wurare daban-daban, cin sapwood. Wintering karkashin haushi, sun daina ciyar har sai bazara.
- A tsakiyar watan Mayu, bayan kammala ta sake zagayowar, tsutsa a ƙarshen hanya ya kafa "yar gida", inda tsarin yarinyar ya faru.
- Makonni biyu bayan haka, sabon ƙwaro yana fitowa daga red, a shirye don bincika gida. Don tashiwa, sawarin birch kawai zai iya shiga ta hanyar hanya.
Yana da muhimmanci: Alamar farko na halakar itace ta wurin 'ya'yan itace mai amfani ne mai amfani da kayan hakowa daga gari mai ƙuƙwarar mata. A kan 'ya'yan dutse - ƙuƙwalwa yana da kyau. Itacen ya raunana, ya rage yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma, idan ta kasance 'ya'yan itace, hakan yana ragewa da ingancin' ya'yan itace.
Matakan sarrafawa da rigakafi
Yin amfani da ma'ana akan tasiri da zuriyarsa a hanyoyi daban-daban na ci gaban gane bambancin masu adawa na gaba:
- Farantine - don hana yaduwar sapwood.
- Inganta aikin gona don bunkasa lafiyar na shuka kuma kawar da yanayin da ya dace da tsarin farfadowa:
- zabin yanayi;
- sanitary pruning;
- isa watering;
- kayan abinci mai gina jiki.
Taimako: Kyakkyawar shuka kanta kanta tana iya magance sapwood. Don yin wannan, yana da ikon zuba ruwan 'ya'yan itace da ɗakunan canal da larvae, haifar da mutuwar. - Halittu. Lies in janyo hankalin mutum - kwari (daga iyalin Hymenoptera) da tsuntsaye, waxanda suke da mawuyacin hali na sapwood, ko acarifagov - fungi da kwayoyin cuta, masu haɗari ga nau'in. Tits da woodpeckers, flyfly kwari da anteraceae (pestryak) su ne masu taimakawa sosai a cikin yaki da 'ya'yan itace sapwood.
- Chemical - SPRAY kowane 2 makonni tare da kwari ("Aktar", "Vector", "Mospilan", "Confidor") ko phosphor-organic. Don magance ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, injections na pyrethroids na roba suna amfani da su a karkashin maniyyi ("Decis", "Sherpa", "Fastak").
Ya kamata a tuna cewa larvae da pupae na haushi ba su da hakuri da yanayin zafi da hasken rana.
Jama'a suna da muhimmanci sosai ta hanyar ƙara yawan zafi ko bambance-bambance a yayin jirgin ƙwaƙwalwar. Har ila yau, fari yana da damuwa a gare su.
Bisa ga wannan ilimin, zaka iya gina tsarin matakan kare gonar daga wannan cutar.
