Yadda za a yi girma ganyayyaki a cikin greenhouse: hanyoyi na haifuwa da kuma peculiarities na kulawa

"Flower - rana". Saboda haka fassara daga Girkanci shine sunan ganye na iyalin Astrov.

Chrysanthemum yana cikin babban bukatar. Gwaninta da kuma tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara girma sosai a wuraren bude.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan,' yan lambu sun fi so su ajiye kayan ganyayen gandun daji don chrysanthemums.

Har ila yau a kan shafin yanar gizon zamu iya ganin bayani game da siffofin girma wardi da tulips a cikin greenhouse.

Me yasa a cikin greenhouse?

1. Sai kawai a cikin ƙasa rufe ƙasa cimma kusan shekara-shekara flowering.
2. A cikin greenhouse chrysanthemums ana kare daga makwabcin halitta: katantanwa, caterpillars. A cikin gadon filawa mai bude, ɗayan katako yana iya lalata dukkanin buds daga wani daji a cikin dare.
3. Daga tsawon hasken rana ya dogara da inganci da tsawon lokaci na furanni na furanni. A cikin haske na greenhouse yana da sauki a daidaita.
4. Jigilar launuka masu yawa don yankan suna kula da rage yawan zazzabi da zafi. A cikin ganyayyaki yana yiwuwa a samu iri-iri iri.

Yaya za a samar da wani greenhouse?

Idan kun yi shirin shuka furanni a lokacin dumi (spring - kaka), duk wani gine-gine tare da takarda fim zai yi. Isa kula da samun iska da kuma yawan watering. Don amfanin gona na shekara, kana buƙatar tsire-tsire masu tsayi mai mahimmanci da kyan gani mai kyau (alal misali, daga polycarbonate). Dole ne mu daidaita yanayin tsarin da ƙarin haske.

Bambancin zaɓi

Fiye da xari da hamsin hamsin gashi suna sanannu, aiki na zaɓi yana gudana. Yana da kyau a zabi nau'in nau'in zoned, resistant zuwa matsanancin yanayin da cututtuka, tare da matsakaici ko lokacin marigayi.

A cikin greenhouses, Chrysanthemums na Indiya (babban nau'in jinsin tare da furanni mai girma) da Koriya (tare da ƙananan furanni na siffofi daban-daban da launuka) suna da kyau. Large-flowered Chrysanthemums suna da babban ƙarfi, ƙananan inflorescences har zuwa 18 cm a diamita. Samun tsawo na 80 cm.

An gane iri iri iri:

• Luyone;
• Indianapolis;
• "Polisade";
• "Princess Anne";
• "Jiya".
• "Diplomat".

Ga namo a cikin ƙasa rufe Daban za suyi:

• Talaxi;
• Nimbo;
• "Sudis";
• "Ƙari";
• "Alenushka";
• "Saba".

Zaɓin kiwo

Kwayoyin tsirrai suna yaduwa da tsaba, yankan da rarraba daji.

Girman chrysanthemums daga tsaba.

Hanyar shigarwa da kuma ba kullum bayar da sakamakon da ake sa ran ba.

Akwai hanyoyi biyu don samun cikakken shuka:

1. Shuka tsaba a bude ƙasa a spring, a lokacin da barazanar marigayi frosts.

A cikin lambu a nesa na 20 cm daga juna pitted, zubar da su da ruwa mai dumi. A sakamakon haka ya sauke tsaba 2-3, yafa masa ƙasa.

Daga saman murfin tare da fim kafin fitowar. Ya kamata a shayar da ƙananan furanni tare da duk wani ruwa mai laushi kuma a hankali ya rabu da ƙasa.

Kada ku rufe tare da fim. Lokacin da tsire-tsire yayi girma zuwa 10 cm, bar daya mai harbi mai karfi, an cire sauran.

Da wannan hanya na furanni, furanni zasu fara ba a baya ba sai kaka.

2. Shuka seedlings daga tsaba.

Wannan zai buƙaci kwalaye mai zurfi tare da tsarin shinge (saka yumbu akan kasa ko ɗaukar kwantena tare da tushe na ƙasa). Zuba karamin ƙasa na kasar gona (zaka iya saya ƙasa mai tsabta), yada tsaba a saman, danna ɗauka da sauƙi a ƙasa (iri iri) ko kuma yayyafa shi da wani bakin ciki (annuals).

Fesa da ruwa mai dumi rufe tare da fim kafin shuka. Tabbatar cewa ƙasa ba ta bushe ba. Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin dakin bai kasance a kasa digiri 23 ba. Harbe suna bayyana a cikin makonni biyu da rabi. Nan da nan ba za ka iya cire fim ba. Ƙara bude shuke-shuke a hankali. Na farko, ba "numfashin iska" ba sai sa'a daya ba, kowace rana yana karuwa lokacin samun iska.

A cikin bayanin bidiyon game da girma bishiyoyi daga tsaba:

Seedlings dole ne a thinned a cikin mataki na 3-4 gaskiya ganye. Yawan elongated ko Ƙananan tsire-tsire don cirewa. Zai zama shawara don rage yawan zazzabi a cikin dakin zuwa 16 - 18 digiri kuma bayar da haske tare da fitila LED. M dressing Ma'adinai da ma'adinai.

Sauya ta hanyar cuttings

Hanya mafi kyau don bunkasa fasahar chrysanthemum "gudanar da flowering." Bayar da ku don tsara lokacin dasawa dangane da lokacin da ake so lokacin karɓar furanni. Don cuttings kai harbe daga tushen tushe (uwar giya). Zaɓi ganye tare da koda kuma sa yanke a sama da shi. An yanke cututtuka zuwa tsawon bakwai centimeters, an ƙare ƙarshen tare da ci gaban kwayar halitta ("Kornevin", "Etamon").

Ƙarin bayani a cikin bidiyo mai zurfi na Chrysanthemum ta hanyar yankan hanya:

Zaka iya nutsar da cuttings a cikin wani bayani na dumi ruwa tare da zuma na hudu hours (rabin teaspoonful na 0.5 lita na shanu). An saka takarda mai tsabta mai tsabta a cikin akwati, kashi biyu zuwa uku na kogin yashi an zuba a saman. Bukatar sani! Sandra-lissafi domin ya hallaka pathogens.

Cuttings da aka makale a cikin yashi a wani kwana na 45º. Dakin ya kamata ba zafi, ci gaba da kasar gona. Sake dasawa a cikin ganyayyaki lokacin da cuttings take tushen. Zai faru a cikin makonni uku.

Hanyar grafting girma seedlings daga bouquet.

1. Cire ganye da buds daga shuka.
2. Yanke saman, barin 8-10 cm na shuka. Sanya yankan a cikin ruwa.
3. Jira cewa tushen ya bayyana a cikin greenhouse.

Sake haifuwa ta rarraba daji.

Mafi sauki amma hanya mara kyau. Aika a farkon spring, kafin girma kakar. An kirkiro daji, ba kyauta daga clod na duniya. An wuka wuka a sassa daban-daban ba tare da lalata tushen ba. A kowace bar uku mafaka mai karfi. Lamba, tsabta mai tsabta. Bayan rarraba chrysanthemums dasa a cikin ƙasa kuma shayar da alheri.

Shawara mai amfani a cikin bidiyon akan sake haifar da kyan zuma ta rarraba daji:

Fasali na girma

Yadda ake girma chrysanthemums a greenhouse? Chrysanthemums ne unpretentious, a shirye su gafarta wa masu girma growers da dama kurakurai. Ƙarin dokoki zai ba ka damar samun lafiya, mai karfi, tsire-tsire mai tsayi.

Shirya shiri.

Chrysanthemums yana bukatar kasar gona. Mai nuna alama ya zama 6.5 - 7 pH (tsaka tsaki) ko dan kadan alkaline (7.5 - 8 pH). A ƙarƙashin yanayin gine-gine, an shirya gado na chrysanthemums daga gonar lambu da sod, tare da kariyar kogin yashi da humus (guga da mita 1).

Ƙãra acidity nutsar ash, lemun tsami, dolomite gari. Nagari ma'adinai da takin mai magani. Lalle ne ku bi da ƙasa daga kwari: zubar da ruwan zãfi ko jan karfe sulfate bayani.

Dasa cuttings.

Za a iya gudanar da shi a cikin gine-gine a kowane lokaci na shekara. Bisa la'akari da lissafi cewa daga lokacin dasa shuki don samun furen fure-fure zai ɗauki akalla watanni huɗu.

Lokaci mai kyau don saukowa shi ne safiya ko maraice. Ana dasa itatuwan hatsi a nesa na 40 cm daga juna. Tsakanin iri guda iri iri don barin 20 cm. Ba a binne sosai basuna girma a layi tare da ƙasa.

Proper watering.

• tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire. Watering ya kamata yalwatacce. Fannonin ruwa sun fi son laushi. Ideal - ruwan sama ko thawed. Don yin laushi, za ka iya kara zuwa 1 lita na 3 grams na ash;
• Kada ka bari ruwa ya shiga cikin ganyayyaki. Regular danshi zuwa ga tushen chrysanthemums zai samar drip irrigation tsarin;
• rage jinkirin tsarin jin dadi;
• Matsayin zafi a cikin gine-gine a lokacin tsawon shuka zai zama cikin 75%. Lokacin da buds ya bayyana, an rage ruwan ƙasa zuwa 65%. Don ƙara duration na flowering watering rage zuwa m.

Temperatuwan da yanayin haske.

Chrysanthemum yana son mai yawa haske da matsanancin yanayin zafi. Ƙunƙatattun cututtuka zai ci gaba da sauri a zafin jiki ba kasa da digiri 18 ba. A lokacin da aka samu buds, zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse ya rage zuwa digiri 12. Wata shuka mai tsaka za ta iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi wanda ya kai har zuwa digiri 3, amma buds zasu mutu.

Yanayin haske yana daidaita Tsarin ƙwayoyin chrysanthemum:

1. Girman cututtuka yana buƙatar dogon rana mai tsawo (har zuwa sa'o'i 18). Don damun jigilar chrysanthemum, muhimmancin alamu shine hasken ƙarfin da hade-haɗe. Samar da yanayi mai dadi. taimaka LED ko fitilu na sodium.
2. Lokacin da fararen buds suka bayyana, rana ta rage ta zuwa 10 hours. A lokacin rani, don wannan dalili, yi amfani da fim din baki.
3. Manya manyan flouts chrysanthemums na bukatar cikakken duhu da dare, in ba haka ba za su yi girma ba.
4. Don samuwa na yau da kullum na harbe don kula da yawan zafin rana na digiri 16 - 20.

Yana da muhimmanci guji dew a kan ganye. Wannan yana haifar da cutar.

Ciyar da shawarwari

Chrysanthemums bukatar ma'adinai da takin mai magani. A mataki na farko, ana amfani da takin mai magani. Suna taimakawa wajen bunkasa kwayar kore kuma karfafa tushen tsarin. A lokacin ci gaban ƙwayar furanni da toho Ana buƙatar kariyar tukwane. Don dogon lush flowering phosphate takin mai magani ana amfani.

Kowane kwana bakwai zuwa goma yana ciyarwa jiko na mullein ko kaza taki (1 lita ga kowane shuka). Yi kamar wannan: zuba guga na litter (ko buckets biyu na mullein) tare da ruwa, bar kwana uku. Liter infusion dilute goma lita na ruwa.

Ana amfani da takin mai magani sosai a karkashin tushen a cikin ƙasa mai kyau. Saduwa da ganye da furanni zai haifar da konewa. Rashin wuce haddi ya fi hatsari fiye da rashi. Fitawa mai wuce haddi yana sa cututtukan fata.

Cututtuka: rigakafi da magani

Chrysanthemum Hardy shukaresistant zuwa kwari. Cututtuka ne sakamakon rashin kulawa mara kyau.

Ƙananan kuskure.

• high iska zafin jiki. Bar konewa. Chrysanthemums suna son rana, amma kada ka yi zafi zafi fiye da digiri 25;
• cin zarafin watering. An wuce haddi na danshi yana haifar da rotting daga cikin asalinsu. Lokacin da akwai kasawa na ruwa, ganye suna juya launin rawaya, da shuka saukad da buds;
• kwari;
• gizo-gizo mite;
• aphid

Abin da za a yi

Tsarma wani sabulu a cikin lita 10 na ruwan dumi. Cire sau ɗaya a kowane kwanaki goma. Tsallaka muryar tafarnuwa ta wurin mai sika, barin minti talatin a guga na ruwa (10 l), magudana. Tafarnuwa ruwa yayyafa gashi. Zaka iya shafa ganye, amma yana da karin lokaci.

Babban abokin gaba na chrysanthemums - nematode. Ƙananan ƙananan ganye suna magana akan kamuwa da cuta. Yakin ba shi da amfani. Dole ne a ƙone ƙwayoyin lafiya. A kan shafin yanar gizonmu, za ka iya ƙara fahimtar irin abubuwan da ke tattare da nematodes da yadda za a magance su.

Girma a cikin ganyayyaki na greenhouse, zai iya kawo kudin shiga ga mai shi. A kowane hali, wadannan haske mai tsawo, masu launin fannoni da launuka, tsire-tsire zai zama kayan ado na lambu.

Janar shawarwari don girma furanni a cikin bidiyo: