Mutane da yawa lambu, musamman sabon shiga, yi imani da cewa girma cucumbers a greenhouse zai ba da damar kare shuke-shuke daga cututtuka da yawa, kuma zai kare da kwari da yawa fiye da yanayin ƙasa.
Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Bari mu yi kokari muyi magana game da abin da haɗarin da ke tattare da shuka a cikin gine-gine, abin da cututtuka da kwari na iya barazanar su, hanyoyi na kariya daga kwari, hanyoyi na magani da rigakafin cututtuka na kokwamba.
Cututtuka: bayanin da tsarin kulawa
Cutar cututtuka a cikin greenhouse, lokacin da girma cucumbers, ba a iyakance ga daya suna. Faɗa game da mafi yawancin. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- fararen fata da launin toka;
- tushen rot;
- dew: ƙarya da mealy;
- gurbin ruwan inabi (zaitun).
- launin leaf (baki).
Bari muyi la'akari da cutar ta cucumbers a cikin greenhouse da kuma maganin su tare da misalai misalai a cikin hoto.
Farin fari
Mai wakilcin causative cututtuka na shuka ne naman gwari. Alamar shan kashi shi ne mai launi mai launin fari a duk sassan shuka, daga tushen da lashes, zuwa ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Naman gwari ya ɓoye shi abubuwa ba kawai halakar da tsire-tsire ba, har ma adana a ƙasa lokaci mai tsawo.
Fiye da lokaci, ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire masu cututtuka sun lalace. Yin yaki da wannan cuta yana da wahala, amma mai yiwuwa. Matakan kulawa shine kawar da dukkanin tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire, da 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganye. Kyakkyawan canjin ƙasa yana da kyawawa. a shafin yanar gizo na dasa shuki cucumbers.
Bayanai masu amfani game da fararen fashe akan cucumbers a bidiyo:
Gishiri mai laushi
Alamar shan kashi ta launin toka shine bayyanar launin toka, rafuka mai ban sha'awa a kan 'ya'yan itace. Sa'an nan kuma kamuwa da cutar ta yada cikin tsire-tsire. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, ovaries, furanni sun fi rinjaye.. Harkokin gwaje-gwaje iri ɗaya ne da waɗanda suke da lalata.
Sai kawai buƙatar pollination a farkon matakai na cutar tare da cakuda jan karfe sulfate (daya teaspoon) tare da gilashin itace ash an kara da cewa. Spraying zai taimaka, tare da cikakkiyar yarda da umarnin, irin miyagun ƙwayoyi "Barrier". Magungunan ba shi da haɗari ga mutane da dabbobi.
Muhimmanci: koda a cikin rashin ciwon cututtukan fungal, za'a canza canjin ƙasa a cikin greenhouse kowace shekara biyu. Sauya shimfidar surface na ƙasa (kimanin centimita 20) tare da cakuda ƙasa, peat, yashi. Muhimmanci don tabbatar da kyakkyawar magudi da takin gargajiya.
Tushen tushen
Very sau da yawa, wannan cuta manifests kanta a lokacin da dasa shuki seedlings na cucumbers a cikin greenhouse. Yana faruwa saboda zurfi mai zurfi, na iya faruwa lokacin da ake yin ƙarin hilling shuke-shuke. Haka kuma cutar tana tasowa sosai, musamman idan aka dasa seedlings a kan ƙasa inda cucumbers suke amfani da su. Don tayar da wata cuta zai iya shayarwa da ruwan sanyi ko ƙananan ƙananan zafin jiki a cikin ƙasa.
Alamar cutar akwai spots a kan ganye, waɗanda suke bayyane a bayyane bayan yanayi mara kyau mai tsawo. Alamar alama ita ce fatalwa da launi mai laushi mai kyau na mai tushe. Gwaji da kuma ganowa a fili aka gani, idan ka otgresti ƙasar daga tushe a cikin ramuka.
Zamu iya ganin nama mai lalacewa a lokacin da yake kwashe ƙasa daga tushe na shuka. Dama na lalacewa za a iya kwasfa tare da allura ko allura, itace ash. Bayan an buƙata wannan bushe-bushe. A lokacin watering mai zuwa, kada ka bari shudan ya fada barci tare da ƙasa, ruwa kawai kasa a cikin rami, hana damshin shigarwa cikin kwakwalwa.
An riga an tsabtace dukkanin matattun magunguna tare da clod na duniya. Zuba sauran da kyau tare da wani bayani mai ruwa na jan karfe sulphate, an shirya a cikin wadannan rabo: domin 5 lita na ruwa, 20 grams na jan karfe sulphate. Matattu shuka ƙona.
Bayani mai kyau game da tushen fashe akan cucumbers a cikin bidiyo:
Mealy dew
Cikin Kukwamba Shafi an rufe shi da farin farin. Sakon yana haifar da naman gwari. An fara fara ganye. Bugu da ƙari, cutar tana yada zuwa ga mai tushe na tsire-tsire. Mataki na gaba na cutar shine bushewa da kuma mutuwa kashe daga ganye da kuma mai tushe. Kyakkyawan magani don yaki shine Topaz. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana samuwa a cikin ampoules, wanda aka kunshi abun ciki cikin lita takwas na ruwa.
Ana yin bayani akan wannan matsalar tare da tsire-tsire da aka shafi. Yin magani tare da bayani za a iya aiwatarwa ba kawai a cikin bayyanar alamun cutar ba, har ma don manufar rigakafi.
Zai yiwu magani tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Barrier"wanda yake da tasiri sosai wajen nuna alamun cutar.
An shirya maganin spraying a madadin - kashi uku na miyagun ƙwayoyi sun narke a cikin lita na ruwa.
Hankali! Don rigakafin cututtuka, musamman ga manyan wuraren kulawa amfani da ilimin halitta. Irin su Alirin-B, Gamair, Gliokladin, Trihotsin. Ka tuna ka bi umarnin don amfani.
Amfani da bayanai powdery mildew a kan cucumbers a bidiyo:
Downy mildew
Maganin mai yaduwa na downy mildew ya zauna a cikin ƙasa na dogon lokaci, zai iya nuna kanta a shekaru 5-7 bayan rashin lafiya na farko. Alamar kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta shine bayyanar launi mai kama da ƙananan ganye. A nan gaba, ganye zasu juya launin ruwan kasa. Ragewa daga cikin ganye da aka shafa sosai sauri, ba fãce 2-3 days.
Don tayar da kamuwa da cuta zai iya shayarwa da ruwan sanyi ko bambanci mai kyau a cikin dare da rana yanayin zafi, zafi mai zafi a cikin greenhouse da dare. Matakan ƙoƙari sabis don dakatar da watering da kuma yin miya. Karfafa iska don rage yawan zafi.
Bayani mai kyau game da farfaɗar ƙarya ta gari a kan cucumbers a bidiyo:
Sakamakon wuri mai launin ruwan kasa (zaitun)
Yawancin lokaci shan kashi bayyana a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Alamomi suna bayyanar lalacewar launi na launin ruwan kasa, daga abin da yake gudana daga ruwa. Idan ba a dauki matakan da za a kare ba daga wakili mai laushi, duk tsire-tsire a cikin wani gine-gine na iya mutu cikin mako guda.
Ƙananan zafi, zayyanawa, ƙin ƙwararru, da ƙananan bambance-bambance a rana zasu iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta. Don magance cutar Dole ne a kauce wa zabin dare, don kwana 5-7, dakatar da ruwa, a rana, lokacin dumi na rana don hana bayyanar motsin jiki, don kwantar da greenhouse.
Mundin Leaf (Black)
Zama na shuke-shuke sa naman gwariwanda yake a gefen ciki na rufi da kuma cikin ƙasa na greenhouse. Na farko mafi yawan lokuta ya shafi ganye. Bugu da ari, cutar tana yadawa ga dukkan sassa na shuka da ke sama da kasa.
A cikin ganyayyaki, spots suna bayyana, haɗuwa a hankali sun shiga cikin ɗaya. Ya shafa ya bushe, baya an rufe shi da baƙar fatakamar kama da yanar gizo. Sakamakon yakin disinfection na greenhouse ciki, maye gurbin ƙasa a kan kwari na kokwamba, gyaran iri ko amfani da iri iri iri.
Kokwamba kwari
Mafi na kowa kwari na cucumbers a greenhouses ne guna aphids, kazalika da gizo-gizo mites.
Gourd Aphid
Kashewa da karkatar da ganye Kokwamba mafi sau da yawa ce game da shan kashi na guna aphids. A cikin ganyayyaki suna nuna launin rawaya, takaddun takarda. Lokacin da aka kalli kasan takardar za ku ga aphid larvae na launuka daban-daban. Bayan zabar shuka, aphid shan masu juicesta hanyar rage jinkirin girma da ci gaba.
Ci gaban lambobi yana da sauri sosai kuma aphid yana yaduwa a kan dukkan tsire-tsire. Idan ka sami aphid a kan cucumbers a cikin wani greenhouse, matakan kulawa sune wadannan - don kare shuka, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da jiko na albasa albasa wanda zai hallaka aphid a cikin ganyayyaki.
Don kare kulawa da ƙwayoyin cuta a lokacin da ake buƙata manyan yankunan amfani da kwari samar da masana'antu.
Gizo-gizo mite
Ciyar da gizo-gizo mite Bar da stalks bushe fita.kuma daga baya ya lalacewar shuka. Tabbatar da lalacewar mite zai iya zama a kan yanar gizo a kan ganye da kuma stalks na cucumbers. Lokacin da aka gano mider gizo-gizo Yin aiki mai sauri da ake bukata dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse. Gizo-gizo mite kan cucumbers a cikin greenhouse, ba tare da matakan da aka dauka don halakar da shi, zai iya haifar da asarar dukan cucumbers dasa.
Rashin cire shuke-shuke da aka lalace sosai ya fi tasiri, tare da ci gaba. Idan an lalata wata shuka, to wajibi ne a rufe shi da wani fim ko zane ta wurin ajiye a cikin akwati na turpentine.
Maimakon turpentine zaka iya sanya tafarnuwa tafasa kusa da shi. Smell zai hallaka yankin aphid a kan shuka. Tsarin aiki dole ne a gudanar da shi akai-akai, rike hutu na kwanaki 2-3.
Kwanan nan lalacewa ga amya a cikin greenhouse tare da naman gwari ko kwari, tare da aiki mai dacewa zai taimaka wajen ajiye shuke-shuke.
Da kuma adana dasa, ba za a bari ba tare da amfanin gona na cucumbers.
