Mun shuka shuki a cikin fall daidai

Kyakkyawan mai dadi, mai dadi, mai banƙyama mai banƙyama a cikin rassan lambunsa - masu lambu da masu kula da kayan lambu suna jiran wannan wasan. Strawberry ya buɗe rassan kakar rani-rani tare da bayyanarsa kuma ya cika jiki, wanda ya raunana a lokacin hunturu, tare da bitamin, antioxidants da sauran abubuwa masu amfani. Ta yaya za a yi strawberries a baya da kuma kai 'ya'ya fiye da? Babban asiri shine a cikin nasarar dasa shuki. Bari mu dubi wannan a cikin daki-daki.

Amfanin dasa strawberries a cikin fall

Girman dasa shuki na strawberries ya tsorata da yawa masu lambu tare da daskarewa na seedlings kuma, a sakamakon haka, asarar amfanin gona. Duk da haka, wannan al'adun lambun da aka rufe da dusar ƙanƙara sauƙin jurewa ko da matsanancin sanyi. Rashin dusar ƙanƙara za a iya biyawa ta hanyar mulching, sa'an nan kuma a cikin bazara za ku sami kyakkyawan shuka na strawberry ba tare da wani gagarumin kokarin ba.

Shin kuna sani? Strawberries - kawai Berry a duniya, wanda tsaba suna waje, kuma ba kamar yadda ya saba - ciki.

Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa na dasa shuki:

• a cikin ƙasa mai tsanani a kan bazara, strawberries dauki tushen mafi alhẽri;
• babban zaɓi na dasa kayan a cikin kakar kaka;
• Bushes da sauri girma da girma;
• Dabbobi masu kyau suna samar da girbi a farkon girbi;
• kaka kayan lambu da kayan lambu sun bukaci karancin kokarin da hankali.

Lokacin da shuka shuki a cikin kaka

A al'ada farkon lokacin kaka ana daukarta shi ne lokacin mafi dacewa don dasa shuki strawberrieslokacin da kasar gona ta kasance dumi, amma babu zafi zafi, kuma yanayin sanyi yana da nisa, kuma bishiyoyi masu girbi zasu sami lokaci su dauki tushen sosai kuma su kara karfi. Duk da haka, halaye na iri-iri iri-iri da aka zaɓa da yankinka zai iya rinjayar lokaci na dasa.

Karanta kuma game da fasaha na shuka bishiyoyi a kaka da kaka.

Kwanan kalanda

Kwa dasa shuki na iya zama:

• farkon (tsakiyar Agusta - tsakiyar Satumba);
• tsakiyar (ƙarshen Satumba - tsakiyar Oktoba);
• marigayi (ƙare wata daya kafin farkon sanyi).

An yi la'akari da tsirrai da tsire-tsire masu yawa da yawa., kuma ƙarshen saukowa ya fi muni, kamar yadda wani lokacin mawuyacin hali ya yi la'akari da lokacin farawar sanyi. Tsuntsayewa na farko na lalata seedlings, haifar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin bazara.

Ƙara koyo game da kula da strawberry a cikin idon ruwa (matakan da za a yi da su), a lokacin flowering, bayan girbi.

Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shi ne ƙaddara bisa tsarin sake zagayowar strawberry. A mafi yawancin iri, antennae sun bayyana a farkon lokacin rani, tsirrai yana faruwa a tsakiyar da ƙarshen rani, kuma samuwa na 'ya'yan itace yana faruwa a farkon kaka. Sanin wadannan nuances da yanayin yanayi na musamman na yanki zai sa ya yiwu a dasa shuki strawberries a lokaci, wanda, tare da watering da kulawa da kyau, zai iya girma da karfi kuma ya sami 'ya'yan itace kafin sanyi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Tare da tsire-tsire na kaka, za a yi amfani da iri-iri iri iri don girbi na biyu, tun lokacin da aka sake yin amfani da shi sau da yawa ya dace da samuwar sababbin shuke-shuke.

Yanayin yanayi

Yakin rana mai tsananin zafi bai dace ba don dasa shuki strawberries. Kada ku shiga shuka da ruwan sama mai yawa. Zaɓin zaɓin zai zama rana mai zuwa bayan ruwan sama kaɗan. - don haka an ƙin ƙasa sosai, amma ba za a kashe shi ba a cikin clods. Lokacin maraice yana da kyau don saukowa, kuma a yanayin yanayin girgije - tsakiyar rana. Da safe, dasa ba'a bada shawara ba, kamar yadda a lokacin rana hasken rana zai iya rinjayar mummunan seedlings.

Fasali na yankin

Daidai lokacin dasawa zai iya bambanta da yawa dangane da yankin da yanayin yanayi. Alal misali, a cikin Urals, lokaci mai dacewa don dasa shuki na strawberries daga ƙarshen Yuli zuwa farkon Satumba, da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya, tare da yanayi mai kyau, wannan lokaci zai iya wuce har karshen watan Satumba. Yankunan kudancin Rasha, Ukraine, da kuma Moldova sun ba da izinin dasa shuki kafin Nuwamba, yayin da yake Siberia wajibi ne don kammala ginin ta tsakiyar watan Agusta, ko kuma mafi kyau, a ƙarshen lokacin rani, tun lokacin da fari na fari zai iya ƙwace duk kokarin da ma'aikata ke ciki.

Shin kuna sani? Lemon ne ya fi sukari fiye da strawberries!

Inda za a shuka a shafin

Wurin mafi kyau ga gado mai girke shi ne iska ta kare waje waje na hasken ranatun lokacin da Berry yayi girma a cikin inuwa ya fara sannu a hankali kuma yana da haɗari sosai.

Yana da muhimmanci! Don 'ya'yan itace strawberry da kyau, ba a bada shawara a shuka shi a wuri ɗaya na fiye da shekaru hudu.

Za'a iya samuwa mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa a ƙasa mai baƙar fata, yashi na yashi da ƙasa mai laushi. A kan yashi ko yashi, sakamakon zai zama mafi muni. A fadama don girma strawberries bai dace ba. Kyakkyawan zaɓin zai zama shafin yanar gizon da masu girma suka yi girma (legumes, hatsi, da wasu giciye). Idan ka shirya wuri don girbi kayan lambu a cikin idon ruwa kuma ka rushe gadaje tare da wadannan albarkatu a kan shi, zaka iya sarrafa girbi korera da kuma lokaci ɗaya sai dai a kan girke-girke, saboda ƙasa za ta wadatar da nitrogen da sauran kayan gina jiki. Amma bayan tumatir, cucumbers, dankali, kabeji, barkono da eggplants, asterinaceous da buttercups, strawberries ba za a dasa, saboda wadannan tsire-tsire suna da kwari na kowa wanda zai iya zama a ƙasa.

Idan kana da ƙananan mãkirci, za ka iya gina gado na dala ko gado na gefe domin girma strawberries.

Yadda za a zabi wani ingancin shuka

Don dasa shuki strawberries za a iya amfani da su:

• saya shirye seedlings (varietal seedlings);
• dasa kayan abu daga gadajensu (antennae da soket).

Yana da muhimmanci! Tsire-tsire ya zama noma na gari, tun da tsire-tsire masu girma a yankin dumi ba su da tushe a cikin yankuna masu dadi.

Bayyana mai kyau seedlings

Kyakkyawan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu dacewa da dasa shuki na da kyau masu kyau lafiya da ganye da fari daga mita 7 zuwa 10. Ya kamata a ba da hankali ga ƙananan bishiyoyi tare da ƙananan ƙarfin dutse mafi girma fiye da 6 mm. Shirye-shiryen da aka saya ko saye daga maƙwabta ya kamata a dasa shi da wuri-wuri ko makale a cikin wani wuri mai shade a cikin damp, kwashe ƙasa.

Samar da kayan daga gadoyar gonarku

Don samun kayan shuka mai girma daga gado, wajibi ne a zabi ɗayan shekaru guda biyu ko 'ya'ya biyu na strawberry da kuma prikopat na farko 2-3. Zai zama mafi dacewa don magance saukowa daga baya, idan kun saka gashin ku a cikin wani akwati dabam don dasawa (alal misali, kofin filastik).

Bayan da ya shafa, wajibi ne a yi amfani da antennae wanda ya kara girma, don haka kwasfofin da aka samo suna da kyakkyawar wadata daga uwar daji. Gaba ɗaya raba matasa kananan ya riga ya riga ya dasa.

Pre-aiki

Ayyukan dasa-wuri na fara ne a gaba kuma ya ƙunshi shirye-shiryen shafin da kayan dasa.

Shirya shiri

Ƙasa a kan gado mai laushi ya kamata ya zama m, tare da acidity a cikin kewayon 5-6.5 raka'a kuma teburin ruwa bai fi yadda 60 cm ba.

Koyi yadda za a ƙayyade acidity na ƙasa a kan shafin, deoxidize ƙasa.

Tun lokacin da aka rage yawan abincin gina jiki na kasar gona a lokacin rani, an kula da hankali sosai ga shiri na ƙasa kafin dasa shuki.

Abin da za a yi don yin tattali da ƙasa don dasa shuki:

1. A hankali cire weeds daga shafin.
2. Bincika gadaje masu zuwa don kwari. A lokacin da gano kwayar kwari ko tsumburansu, bi da ƙasa tare da ammonium nitrate ko abubuwa na musamman don kula da kwari da aka sayar a cikin shaguna.
3. Ba bayan makonni biyu ba kafin zuwan saukarwa, tono shafin zuwa zurfin 25-30 cm.
4. Takin ƙananan gadaje gaba ɗaya tare da digging. Da yawa da ingancin takin mai magani kai tsaye ya dogara da ingancin ƙasar. A matsakaita, daga 5 zuwa 20 kilogiram na naman alade da 1 sq. Km ana amfani. m mãkirci. Za a iya amfani da Humus, takin, ko superphosphate da kuma takin mai magani. Ƙarin ƙasa mai kyau, ƙananan taki yana bukatar.
5. Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki da tsire-tsire, dole ne a sanya ƙasa a zurfin 15 cm.

Shirya shirye-shirye

Shirye-shiryen seedlings shine mafi kyau don fara sati daya kafin zuwan saukarwa tare da dubawa na gani, sannan ya biyo baya:

• cire matsanancin sheets a kan sapling, barin guda uku zuwa biyar;
• rage tsawon dogon lokaci zuwa 10 cm;
• aiwatar da fuka-fuka akan fungal cututtuka;
• bar a cikin wuri mai duhu, an yayyafa shi da sauƙi a ƙasa, a nannade cikin ganga ko yin wasu matakan da zazzagewa;
• game da sa'a kafin dasa, seedlings ya kamata a shayar da kuma tushen da kyau.

Tushen za a iya soaked:

• a cikin gonar gilashi - don tsorata kashe kwari.
• kawai a cikin wani yumɓu mash don kare tushen daga bushewa fita kuma don tabbatar da mafi rayuwa rayuwa;
• a cikin ci gaban bunkasa kwayoyin halitta - don ingantawa da kuma cigaban ci gaba.

Bayan wannan, shirye-shirye na seedlings za a iya la'akari da gama.

Daidai dace

Akwai shinge-girke guda uku:

1. Gnezdovaya. A kusa da tsakiyar daji a nesa na kimanin 30 cm, an dasa wasu shida tare da tsaka tsakanin su har zuwa 45 cm. Irin wannan makirci na da kyau domin amfanin gona tare da antennae, samar da wuri don tushen su.
2. Matsaka. An dasa bushe tare da m tare da nisa na 20-30 cm tsakanin su. Wannan makirci ya dace da kananan gadaje.

3. Kullum. An dasa shuki a cikin layuka, nisa tsakanin su yana daga 40 zuwa 70 cm, tsaka tsakanin bushes yana daga 20 zuwa 30 cm Wannan shine tsarin da ya fi dacewa don manyan bishiyoyi da kuma girma da strawberries akan rufe kayan.

Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin zabar tsaka tsakanin tsire-tsire, wajibi ne a la'akari da yanayin da aka shuka iri-iri, tun da yawancin yadawa suna buƙatar karin sarari fiye da ƙananan.

Dasa a cikin ƙasa

Ayyukan ayyukan da aka lalata:

1. Yi haushi da sassauta ƙasa, sanya wuri ga layuka da ramukan, dangane da tsarin da aka zaɓa.
2. Jirgin ramuka tare da zurfin 10-15 cm (ba kasa da tsawon tushen), wanda dole ne a shayar da ita, idan ba a yi saukowa ba bayan ruwan sama.
3. Za'a iya hade da ƙasa daga ramukan tare da takin da kuma juyawa da taki idan ba a yi amfani da ƙasa ba kafin.
4. Don kafa a tsakiyar rami na rami na duniya.
5. Sanya seedling a kan wani rufi, yada tushen a kan gangara.
6. Duk da yake riƙe da shrub, a hankali cika ƙasa sabõda haka, da tushen abin wuya (wurin da ganye girma daga) ne jawo tare da ƙasa.
7. Da sauƙi tamp da yalwa, amma a hankali zuba.
8. Duniya ya rabu don tabbatar da samun damar oxygen da ruwa.
9. Gashi a saman peat ko humus.

Saukowa kayan murya

Yin amfani da rufe kayan don dasa shuki strawberries yana da wasu abũbuwan amfãni:

• rike ƙasa sako-sako da kuma rigar;
• yana kare bushes daga daskarewa, fari, ruwan sama, dusar ƙanƙara da sauran abubuwa na halitta;
• ba ya bari weeds suyi girma;
• ba ya ƙyale ɗaukar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa ba.
• yana kare ganye daga kwari da lalata;
• da Berry ya kasance mai tsabta.

Wannan abu yana buƙatar sauyawa ne kawai bayan shekaru 3-4, wato, lokaci guda tare da tsire-tsire na strawberry, wanda ya dace. Mafi yawan amfani da su shine nau'in polyethylene (m, launin baki ko baki), agrofibre (spunbond, agrospan, lutrasil, da dai sauransu), ruberoid mulch, ciyawa (ƙwayar daji, bambaro, perepery sawdust) ko shuke-shuke masu rai (alal misali, nasturtium mai girma, tafarnuwa, mustard, faski). Shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki a kan rufe kayan ba bambanta da shirya don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Bayan duk ayyukan shirye-shiryen, an rufe yankin tare da rufe kayan, wanda gefen yana buƙatar gyarawa tare da allon, duwatsu ko ƙamus ɗin ƙarfe. Kashe kayan rufe, kana buƙatar kula da yadda yake kusa da ƙasa. Daidaita adadin abin da ke cikin ƙasa ya ƙare duk amfaninta. Sa'an nan kuma, ta amfani da wuka, wajibi ne don yin cuts a sama da ramukan, bayan da aka dasa seedlings a cikinsu.

Ƙara koyo game da siffofi na mulberry strawberry, iri iri da ka'idojin amfani.

An dasa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire da aka shuka, da kuma amfani da tsire-tsire masu rai a matsayin kayan rufewa ya fi dacewa da kayan dasa shuki.

Fidio

Aftercare a cikin fall

Kula da seedlings bayan dasa shuki boils ƙasa don samar da mafi kyau duka yanayi don azumi rooting da ƙarfafa matasa bushes. Don yin wannan, dole ne ka yi ayyuka masu biyowa.

1. Watering da sassauta ƙasa. Kwana goma na farko ana bada shawara don shayar da strawberries sau da yawa, a cikin ƙananan ruwa na ruwa mai tsabta, yana ƙoƙari kada ya fada a kan ganye. Mafi kyau lokacin watering shine safiya. Bayan rooting, watering zama dole ƙasa da sau da yawa (biyu ko sau uku a mako isa), amma mafi yawan.
2. Ana tsarkakewa na weeds da kau da antennae.
3. Kariya daga bushes daga kwari da cututtuka. Don yin wannan, ya isa ya kula da ganye da ƙasa tare da ma'anoni na musamman ("Karbofos", jan karfe chloroxide ko Bordeaux barasa). Masu bada shawara na yin amfani da kayan samfurori da ke ba da magani ga ruwa tare da nau'in lita guda goma na ruwa mai dumi, cakula biyu na itace ash, uku na tablespoons na kayan lambu mai overdone, biyu tablespoons na vinegar da kuma tabarau biyu na sabulu ruwa.
4. Ƙarin mulching kafin hunturu. Dole ne ƙaddamar da ciyawa ba za ta kasance ƙasa da 5 cm ba. Peat, bambaro ko sawdust za a iya amfani dasu, amma wannan ita ce mafi kyawun karɓa.

Za a iya amfani da yankakken launin ruwan kasa ta hanyar launin ruwan kasa, fusarium da verticillous wilt; nematodes, weevil.

Video: kaka strawberry dasa

Idan duk waɗannan yanayi sun hadu, ƙananan bishiyoyi za su sami karfi sosai kuma zasu yi sanyi sosai. A cikin bazara, zai zama wajibi don cire ciyawa kuma cire 3 cm na saman Layer na ƙasa don kawar da yiwuwar karin kwari, sassauta ƙasa da kyau kuma cire busassun busassun zanen gado. Don haka, bayan da aka yi babban ƙoƙari a cikin kaka, zaka iya samun gado mai kyau don fitarwa da 'ya'yan itace a spring. Strawberries za su fahimci godiya da kula da ku kuma za su dade da ku da haske da m berries.