Golden Delicious ya kasance shahararrun shekaru. Amma ba kowa ba ne ya san asirin batutuwan da abubuwan ban sha'awa. Bari mu dubi tarihi na iri-iri tare da halaye na shuka, alamu na namo da kula da apple "zinariya".
Tarihin kiwo
Yawan apple iri-iri Golden Delicious an bred a 1890 a Amurka, ta Kudu ta Virginia, sakamakon sakamakon ƙetare. Don yin nazarin halaye na sabon salo na itace da aka saya. Sakamakon haka shi ne kiwo da sababbin sababbin nau'o'in, wanda shine tushen "Excellent Excellence" (wannan ake kira apple). Yanzu yana da mashahuri a kasashe da dama na duniya. 
Shin kuna sani? An yi amfani da apple daji na farko a zamanin da na Kazakhstan da Kyrgyzstan. An fara zaɓin kuma an ci gaba da ci gaba da halayen Helenawa. An rarraba su 40 iri iri.
Tsarin halittu
Winter iri-iri. Ana iya adana 'ya'yan itatuwa har sai Mayu-Afrilu.
Daga cikin abubuwanda ke amfani da su: yawan amfanin ƙasa suna da tsayi, tsire-tsire suna da wuri, transportability da ajiya a babban matakin, dacewa don aiki. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su fada daga itacen. Amma rashin rashin amfani sune kamar haka: ƙwayoyi zai iya zama tsaka-tsakin, itacen apple ba yana son fari da 'ya'yan itatuwa tare da matakan ƙananan laima an adana su. Ganye ba ya jure wa launin ruwan kasa.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna mayar da hankali sosai abubuwa masu amfani: Ascorbic acid, P-aiki abubuwa, pectins, ascorbic acid, sukari.
"Golden Delicious" iri iri ne ya zama tushen danyen sababbin iri: "Jonagold" (Bugu da kari "Jonathan"), "Starling", "Royal Red Delicious".
Dangane da nau'o'in "Red Delicious" iri-iri a Amurka, marigayi iri-iri "Red Chief" an bred.
Tree description da pollinators
Bayani na apple iri-iri "Golden Delicious": itace na matsakaici tsawo, har zuwa mita 3 na tsawo. Wata matasan girma na madauwari tsari, fadi, yana da hali don thicken. Kamfanin Golden Golden "Golden Delicious" kamar yadda yake. 'Ya'yan itãcen itatuwan Apple da yawa, kuma saboda rassan sukan sauka a ƙasa. Ganye ba su da matukar farin ciki, mai lankwasa, launin ruwan kasa tare da tabawa na kore. Tsarin yana da rauni. Gashin itacen apple yana da launin toka. A launi yana elongated a karshen, m da santsi. Launi mai haske ne. Fure-fure ne mai siffar saucer, matsakaici a girman, fararen tare da tinge na ruwan hoda, pistil shafi pubescent. Fruiting gauraye.
Mafi kyau shuka a kusa da "Golden Delicious" pollinators: "Delicious Spur", "Idared", "Melrose", "Jonathan", "Wagner Prize". Itacen apple ba zai iya gurɓata kansa ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dole ne a dasa bishiyoyi a cikin radius na 0.5 km daga Golden Delicious.
Hoto Bayanan
Apples suna babba ko matsakaici a girman. Nau'in zane a kusa da kara, kamar mazugi. Kawo tare da kadan roughness, bushe da kuma m. Hasken launin launin ruwan fari, sa'an nan kuma ya zama rawaya-zinariya tare da karamin launin launin ruwan kasa, wasu lokuta tare da rawaya mai laushi daga rana. Nauyin nauyi yana da iyaka, dangane da yankin girma. Alal misali, akwai kimanin 140-170 g, wani lokaci m. Kwanan ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai yawa, farar fata tare da launi mai launi. Yawan launi yana canzawa a sakamakon ajiya akan rawaya mai haske, kuma dandano kayan zaki ya zama yaji. Darajar ba ta rasa tare da ajiya mai kyau duk kakar. Ƙanshin 'ya'yan itace mai haske. 
Yawo
Girbi kusan kusan kullun, ko da yake akwai halin da ake ciki zuwa lokaci-lokaci. Ɗaya daga bisani zai iya kawo 60 kilogiram na amfanin gona, kuma tare da kulawa mai kyau, kilogiram 120. Apples suna a cikin irin wannan yawa da suke kawai kama da inabi. Fruiting fara a cikin shekara ta biyu bayan dasa.
Kwayoyin hunturu iri-iri sun hada da "Antey", "Northern Synapse", "Medunitsa Zimnyaya", "Currency", "Lobo", "Orlik", "Bogatyr".
Yadda zaka zaba seedlings lokacin sayen
Ana bada shawara don saya seedlings a cikin gidajen kurkuku ko shaguna na musamman. Marasa lafiya da samfurori marasa dacewa za a iya sayar da su akan kasuwanni na duniya kuma har ma daga masu cin kasuwa. Tabbas, don tabbatar da ingancin kaya bazai taɓa cutar ba. Kyakkyawan yana da kyau idan:
- Tushen suna ci gaba;
- wani ɗan shekara uku mai sapling yana da 3-4 kwarangwal rassan har zuwa 60 cm tsawo da kuma tushen har zuwa 40 cm tsawo;
- Babu alamun cutar, lalacewa, musamman a shafin yanar gizo na alurar riga kafi.
Idan kayi tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara, kana buƙatar shirya don samun zaman kansu na kambi.
Za a iya sayo iri-iri tare da clod na ƙasa a kan asalinsu, kuma wannan zai zama mawuyacin, kamar yadda a cikin wannan yanayin da shuka zai dauki tushen sauri. 
Dokoki don dasa shuki apple seedlings a kan shafin
Da farko kana buƙatar kulawa da lokacin dace da dasa shukar itace. Sauyin yanayi da ƙasa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Mafi kyau lokaci
Za a iya dasawa a cikin fall, lokacin da babu ƙasa mai sanyi. Yawanci wannan Oktoba ne. Idan kana bukatar yin shi a cikin bazara, ya fi kyau a jira na dumi Afrilu.
Zaɓi wuri
A zabi na wuri ya dogara da lafiyar itacen, saboda haka girbi mai kyau. A kan mãkirci na zinariya apple akwai ya kamata da yawa rana, wanda yake da sauki a cimma ta hanyar dasa shuki itace a yammacin gonar. Kyakkyawan haske da ƙasa carbonate-sody shine mafi kyau, wanda ya bambanta da yashi da calcareous. Ko da yake saboda wannan iri-iri, yana iya zama wani. Amma idan ƙasa shine yumbu, tabbatar da kara yashi.
Dole ne rashin izini ya kasance ko kasancewa cikin ƙananan yawa. Tsayi da ruwa mai zurfi a nesa da m 2 daga farfajiyar ne kyawawa. Yana da mahimmanci cewa pollinating apple itatuwa girma a kusa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Apple shi ne samfurin abincin da ya dace saboda 80-90% abun ciki na ruwa. Yana da yawa baƙin ƙarfe, ko da yake ba ya ƙara haemoglobin saboda nau'i na digestibility. Rabin rabin tebur: phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, zinc, sodium, calcium, manganese, fluorine, iodine, molybdenum. Organic acid: citric, malic, acetic, succinic, folic, ascorbic, nicotinic, chlorogenic. Vitamin: A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, C, E, K, Z, ZZ. Abubuwa mai amfani: pectin, carotene, sitaci, catechins, sunadarai da ƙwayoyi a kananan ƙananan, fiber, micro-da macronutrients.
Site shiri da seedlings
A shafin bai kamata ya fara girma bishiyoyi ba. Lokacin zabar wani wuri, dole ne a yi la'akari da haka: ya kamata a haskaka shi sosai, ƙasar ta kasance mai kyau, ko kuma wajibi ne don samar da gyare-gyare na bakarare tare da takin mai magani, kuma kada a bude wurin zuwa arewacin iska mai sanyi. 
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci: ya kamata a sami sararin samaniya ga kambi mai tasowa (3 m tsakanin itatuwa). Don dasa tsire-tsire, rami 1 m kuma 1 m zurfi an shirya don makonni 3 ko wata daya domin kasar gona zata iya zauna kuma za a karasa.
A cikin "Golden Delicious" kafin dasa shuki tsintsa daga saman da kodan tare da jagoran gaba. Saboda haka zaka iya hana ci gaba da harbe marasa dacewa. 5-6 buds tare da gefen hagu don kwarangwal.
Tsari da makirci
A cikin rami da aka shirya takin mai magani. Alal misali, har zuwa 1 kg na gawayi, har zuwa 2 kilogiram na superphosphate, 1 ko 2 buckets na humus, har zuwa 15 g na potassium sulphate. Kusa a cikin rami saka lamba don riƙe da akwati. Dole ne a tsire itacen bishiya tare da tushen budewa a cikin wani bayani mai mahimmanci na kimanin 1-2 hours.
Lokacin da dasa shukar itace, wuyansa na sama ya kamata ya kasance sama da ƙasa a nesa na 5 cm. Ramin ya rufe ƙasa, ana shuka tsire don rarraba ƙasa. Daga gaba, an ɗora igiya a tarkon da kuma zubar da ruwa 2. A ƙarshe, an yi saman lakabin saman tare da humus kuma karamin dan kadan. Kowane kwana 3 bayan dasa shuki ya kamata a shayar da itace ta hanyar amfani da ruwa 4 na ruwa. 
Saplings tare da ƙasa ko a cikin kwantena kawai saka a rami kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa.
Ka tuna: nisa tsakanin ramin ya zama m 3 m.
Yanayin kulawa na yanayi
Noma na "Golden Delicious" dakarun lambu don yin adadin yawan ovaries da furanni, kamar yadda 'ya'yan itatuwa suka rabu da yawancin su. Kuma rassan sakamakon sakamakon ƙwanƙwasawa. Amma wannan fasaha ne kawai daga cikin mutane da yawa, wanda aikinsa girbi ne mai kyau da kuma lafiyar itacen. Daga kulawa na al'ada ya dogara da abin da dandano da nauyin zasu zama apples.
Shin kuna sani? Chisato Ivasagi, Jafananci, ya girma a duniya a shekara ta 2005: 1.85 kilogiram na nauyi.
Kula kula
Bayan dasa shuki itatuwa suna buƙata a hankali cire weeds. Wajibi ne a sha ruwa sau da yawa a shekara, ba manta ba, saboda wannan nau'in ba ya son fari. An shayar da shi kafin shayarwa, sa'an nan bayan flowering a ƙarshen makonni 3, kafin girbi na tsawon makonni 3-4, kuma, a ƙarshe, a lokacin rassan ganye.
Don sassauta ƙasa yana da muhimmanci a kowane bazara, musamman a lokacin da itace yaro ne. Ana gudanar da ruwan sha a bayan watering, dasa, don kara yawan amfanin ƙasa. A karshen wannan, zauna cikin yankin kusa da itacen tare da kore taki. Radius zai iya zama daga 30 cm zuwa 1.5 m. Yana da kyau a shuka nasturtium a ƙarƙashin itacen apple kamar ƙwayar kore. 
Top dressing
Don faranta girbi, kasar gona tana ci gaba da ciyar da kwayoyin halitta da ma'adinai. A kowace shekara yin taki ko takin. An gabatar da taki a cikin kaka, wani lokaci tare da kara yawan superphosphate da potassium. Sau biyu a shekara, a cikin idon ruwa da kaka, ana amfani da takin mai magani, yana yiwuwa a cikin ƙasa. An yi la'akari da matsalar urea a matsayin kyakkyawan gyare-gyare a farkon lokacin bazara, a lokacin rani, sodium yana da amfani a cikin abun da ke ciki na kowane taki.
Yin rigakafi
- Wajibi ne don yaduwa tare da "Topaz" don yin rigakafin powdery mildew, bayan flowering chlorine jan karfe oxide ya dace. Zaka kuma iya ciyar da bishiyar bishiyoyin phosphate da potash da takin mai magani.
- Za a iya hana ƙullun Brown ta hanyar shayar da ƙasa a matsakaici da kullum, kazalika da tono ƙasa kafin hunturu.
- Don rigakafin scab muhimmanci sanitization na rassan.
- Kwaro, kamar cututtuka, na bukatar rigakafin da kyau.
- Karbofos kare kan koren aphids. Kuma zaka iya ajiye bishiya daga mite apple, cirewa daga tsohuwar haushi daga gare ta kuma yadar wuri tare da maganin Karbofos. Gidajen aphids da apple mites za a iya zubar da su ta hanyar furewa.
- Don hana lalacewar ƙwayar fata mai launin apple, an cire shinge da tsoffin rassan daga tsohuwar haushi.
- A 3% nitrofen ya hana leaflet. Ko kuma zaka iya amfani da prophylactic a cikin lokacin kafin hutu fashe.
Karanta yadda za a magance irin wannan kwaro na apple apple kamar asu na apple.
Ƙwarewa da kafa kambi
Kwancen kambi ya zama dole, kuma dole ne a ba da siffar spherical. Akalla abin da za'a iya yi shi ne yin thinning, rejuvenation by pruning da sanitary kula. Da farko, wajibi ne don cire rassan girma da kuma tsaka-tsalle, a rarraba a bara. Duk wannan zai ba da izinin iri-iri don kammalawa.
Zaka iya kwashe a cikin fall da kuma bazara. A cikin bazara, domin yafi cire rassan rassan, kuma a cikin fall, bushe da kuma juya. Ko da lokacin rani, za'a iya yin pruning domin haske yana samuwa ga 'ya'yan itace. Bayan sanyi pruning ba zai iya zama.
Kariya akan sanyi da rodents
Suna narke ƙasa a ƙarshen kaka, takin ta da ruwa da shi. Pristvolnye da'ira mulch. Matasan shuke-shuke suna tsabtace yumbu, kuma tsofaffin su da lemun tsami za a iya kara su da jan karfe sulfate da manne.
Don karewa daga rodents kuma tare da hanyar zuwa rufi, ɓangaren ya ƙone kuma an rufe shi da duk abin da zai iya amfani: takarda, zane, burlap, rassan spruce. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da kumfa polyethylene don isasshen ruba. Kafin hunturu ya fi kyau dumi shuka. Ko da yake sun ce yana da sanyi, har yanzu tana son zafi. A lokacin narke shi wajibi ne don kwatanta dusar ƙanƙara a cikin diamita na zagaye dabarun.
A karkashin yanayin da ya dace, Golden Delicious, wanda ya ci nasara a duniya baki daya, a kowace shekara zai ba iyalinka abinci mai dadi, 'ya'yan itace da kuma shirye-shirye iri-iri daga cikinsu. Ji dadin!
