Pear "Red-gefe": halaye, asirin cin nasara noma

Idan ka yanke shawara don dasa pear a kan mãkirci, ya kamata ka zaɓi da kyau ka zaɓi iri-iri. Labarin mu zai bayyana "Pear-gefe", da kuma samar da halayenta. Za mu gaya muku yadda za ku dasa itace da kula da shi.

Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo

An samar da noma iri iri ta hanyar kimiyyar kimiyya na FSUE 'YUNIISK. Kwayoyin iri dabam-dabam "Krasnobokaya" sun juya saboda ketare iri biyu: "Yellow-fruited" da "Tenderness".

Yana da muhimmanci! Ya wajaba a girbi girbi sosai a kan lokaci - a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na watan Satumba, kamar yadda 'ya'yan itatuwa suka karu da sauri kuma suka fada ƙasa.

Originators Irin wannan shayarwa kamar: Putyatin V.I., Mazunin M.A., Falkenberg E.A. A cikin farkon 90s na karni na karshe, gwaje-gwaje na jihar na wannan iri-iri ya fara. An rubuta "Krasnobakaya" pear a cikin Lissafi na Land na Volga-Vyatka, Ural da Altai, wanda aka samu a Siberia ta Yamma.

Halaye da fasali

Mun kawo hankalinka ga bayanin irin nau'in pear "Krasnobakaya".

Wood

Wannan iri-iri yana halin bishiyoyi wanda tsawo zai wuce mita 4. Yawancin bishiyoyi sun bambanta ta hanyar ci gaba mai girma. Pear yana da wani m, mai lakabi, ƙwallon ƙafa. Stems suna da daidai tsari, located a 90 digiri zuwa ga akwati. Ana nuna matakai na rassan zuwa saman bishiyar. Haushi da kwarangwal mai tushe ne launin launin ruwan launin launin ruwan kasa, peeling yana da muhimmanci a cikinsu.

Ci gaba mai girma na itace ya ci gaba har sai lokacin da aka fara farawa. Ganyayyaki suna haske ne a cikin launi, suna da ƙananan bakin ciki a gefuna, ba tare da baki ba. Girman shi ne quite babba, elongated da kuma lokacin farin ciki.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne na matsakaici a cikin girman, wani lokaci dan kadan ya fi girma. Nauyin pear daya ne kamar 135-155 g amma ana iya samun samfurori tare da zane na 180 g. Bã su da wani sassauka mai dadi, m fata. Pears suna da launi na korera a lokacin da aka girbe su, amma a tsawon lokaci suna zama amber ta uku. Suna da nama mai laushi mai kyau da ƙanshi mai dadi. Pear yana da juiciness: a lokacin da biting, ruwan 'ya'yan itace kawai ya fara gudana daga ciki. Yana da shahararrun ga dandano mai dadi, nasarar haɗuwa tare da ɗan ƙarami da tartness. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan tattara tarin astringence ba zai zama alama ba, kuma za ku iya jin dadi mai kyau na pear.

Karanta kuma game da peculiarities na girma pears daban-daban iri: "Century", "Bryansk Beauty", "Rossoshanskaya kayan zaki", "Ƙaunar", "Honey", "Hera", "Petrovskaya", "Krasulya", "A ƙwaƙwalwar Zhegalov", "Yara ".

Yadda zaka zaba seedlings lokacin sayen

Mafi kyau ga saukowa seedlings, wanda shekaru shekaru 1-2. Yawan tsayi mai girma ya kamata ya zama mita 1. A tsakiyar tsakiyar katako ya kamata koda da yawa. Biennial seedlings ya kamata da 2-3 gefen harbe, wanda dole ne a cikin tsari na buds. Lokacin sayen pear, kula da tushen tsarin - dole ne ya ƙunshi akalla 3 matakai tare da rassan da yawa. Kasancewar rassan rassan bai dace ba.

Zabi wani wuri a kan shafin

An dasa pear a kan Ƙarfin ƙafawanda babu wani zayyana. Itacen yana son hasken rana, don haka kada ku dasa shi kusa da gidan ko wasu gine-gine. Zai fi kyau su koma baya daga mita 3-4. Don dasa shuki, zaɓi wurare tare da ƙasa mai yashi, ƙasa mai baƙar fata ko ƙasa mai laushi.

Yawan matakin acidity ya zama pH 5.6-6. Ana bada shawara don shuka shuka a kan tudu, a yankunan da ruwan teku ya kai mita 2.5 a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.

Pollinator ga pears zai iya zama irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar: "Severyanka", "Tarihi" da "Hanged".

Ana shawarar su dasa a kusa da itacen.

Shin kuna sani? Da farko, an yi wa kyaun furotin a Turai, kuma bayan bayan lokacin da taba ya bayyana, shin an fara cin 'ya'yan itacen pear.

Ayyuka na shirye-shirye

Idan kuna shirin dasa bishiya a yankunan arewacin, to hakan zai fi dacewa a cikin bazara. Idan an dasa shuki a wurare masu dumi, zai yiwu a dasa pear a cikin kaka. Dole ne a shirya shiri na saukowa saukowa a cikin fall, don 10-14 days kafin disembarking.

1. Daga wurin saukowa, dauki nauyin ƙasa na 20-25 cm kuma hada shi da kilogiram na takin gargajiya (takin ko takin humus za'a iya amfani dashi), 15 kg na yashi yashi da 0.3 kilogiram na superphosphate.
2. Sa'an nan kuma kuna buƙatar tono rami, diamita wanda zai zama daidai da 70 cm, kuma zurfin - akalla 1 m Idan kuma, duk da haka, ruwan teku yana gudana kusa, yana da muhimmanci don yin magudi ta amfani da pebbles.
3. Zuba ruwan da aka shirya a cikin rami.
4. Rufe rami tare da kunshin filastik.

Familiarize kanka tare da intricacies na dasa da kuma kula da iri pear: Rogneda, Otradnenskaya, Avgustovskaya Dew, Kokinskaya, Elena, Marble, Fairytale, Nika, Severyanka, Veles , "Lada", "Yakovlev Ya fi son", "Muscovite", "Cathedral".

Shirin mataki-mataki na dasa shuki seedlings

Kafin dasa shuki, tsarin kula da seedling yana bi da shi tare da bayani na 3% potassium permanganate. Dole ne a tsayar da seedling a cikin wannan bayani da kuma kiyaye shi a cikin akalla a rana. Sa'an nan kuma ya fi dacewa da shinge tushen da shirye-shiryen da aka riga aka shirya da taki da kuma yumbu mai nama a cikin wani rabo na 1: 2. A seedling ya kamata bushe na 2-3 hours. Ka yi la'akari da yadda aka shuka itacen:

1. Daga rami, cire fim din filastik, mai tsayi 4-5 daga tsakiyar ramin, ya fitar da wani gungumen azaba wanda zai zama goyon bayan itace.
2. Form a cikin tsakiyar rami wani ƙananan tudu na ƙasa.
3. Sanya itace a tsakiyar rami, kuma wuyansa na sama ya zama 6 cm sama da matakin kasa.
4. Yi la'akari da ladabi tushen tsarin a kan tudu.
5. Yayyafa asalinsu tare da ƙasa, dan kadan danna kowanne Layer. Yi la'akari da cewa babu wani nau'i.
6. Dauki sapling zuwa goyon baya.
7. A gefuna na ramin, gina gira, zurfin abin da ya kamata ya zama 7-9 cm Ruwa da seedling (20 l na ruwa).
8. Zuba ciyawa a cikin zagaye na kusa, wanda zai taimaka ci gaba da haɓin cikin ƙasa.
9. Ya kamata a yanke sapling da kashi 30%.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ba za a iya ɗauka ba a lokacin rani, saboda a wannan lokacin akwai tasiri mai gudana, kuma wasu rassan zasu mutu bayan irin wannan hanya.

Kamar yadda kake gani, tsarin dasa shi ne mai sauƙi kuma har ma wani mai kula da kayan lambu zai iya rike shi.

Yanayin kulawa na yanayi

Yi la'akari da yadda za a kula da itacen don ya ba da girbi mai ban sha'awa.

Kula kula

Pear bai buƙatar m watering - isa Yarda da ƙasa sau 4 a kowace kakar. Duk da haka, idan lokacin rani ya bushe kuma ruwan sama sosai, yawan adadin watering ya kamata a karu. A gaban yanayin busassun, an bada shawara don shayar da itacen sau ɗaya a mako, a lokaci guda yana daidaita bishiya. Don wannan manufa peat ko humus. Wannan taron zai riƙe laka a kusa da tushen tsarin kuma zai hana bayyanar ɓawon burodi a kasa.

Daya daga cikin siffofin kula da itace - sprinkling. Dole ne a gudanar da taron ne da safe ko da maraice da ruwan dumi.

Bayan watering, ana bada shawara don sassauta ƙasa, wanda zai wadata kasar gona da oxygen.

Shin kuna sani? Kasar Sin ita ce shugaba a cikin kasashe masu tasowa. Rahotanni na jihar suna da kashi 54.3% na samar da pear na duniya.

Tare da girma na weeds a cikin weeds da'irar weeding ne da za'ayi. Kayan ƙwaƙwalwa yana ɗauke da abubuwa da yawa masu amfani, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci don tabbatar da cewa an yi watsi da kewayon kusa da su.

Top dressing

Tun da tushen tsarin yana da zurfin ƙasa, babu wani dalili a cikin yayyafa taki akan ƙasa. Kyakkyawan zaɓi shi ne don yin ruwa ta amfani da maganin gina jiki.

Yin amfani da kayan ado mai ma'adinai na musamman zai iya haifar da acidification daga ƙasa, saboda haka yana da amfani ta amfani da takin gargajiya. Ana yin karin kayan ma'adinai a kowace shekara, kwayoyin - sau daya a shekaru 2-3. Wani itacen girma yana buƙatar 25-30 kilogiram na taki taki. Zaka iya amfani da humus, takin ko taki.

Godiya ga ma'adinai na ma'adinai, itace yana tasowa. Don aiwatar da hanya na ciyarwa kamar haka:

• kafin pear fara farawa, ya zama dole don ciyar da shi tare da 450 g na urea ko 45 g na gishiri;
• bayan ƙarshen lokacin flowering, wajibi ne a ƙara ƙara 250 g na urea, tare da yaduwa da buds tare da bayani na 3%;
• a cikin kaka, 60 g na superphosphate biyu, 30 g na potassium da 30 g na calcium an gabatar.

Yin rigakafi

Don hana ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka daban-daban daga tayar da itace, wajibi ne don gudanar da rigakafi kafin lokacin flowering. Don sayan magungunan, ya kamata ka tuntubi wani kantin kayan musamman inda za a ba ka damar, dangane da abin da kake so ka yi.

Pruning

Na farko shekaru 4-5 bayan fitarwa, yana da muhimmanci don kulawa da musamman ga samuwar kambi kuma ya lalata itacen. Zai fi kyau a gudanar da wannan taron a cikin bazara, a cikin shekaru goma na watan Afrilu. Yawanci sau da yawa yana yiwuwa ya hadu da tsarin haɗin gwanon kambi.

1. A cikin shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki, kana buƙatar zabi rassan rassan 3-4, waɗanda suke a cikin ɓangaren ƙananan itace, sa'annan ka yanke duk wasu harbe. Har ila yau, babban akwati ne taqaitaccen by 20-25 cm.
2. Domin kakar wasa ta gaba wajibi ne don samar da matakin na biyu. Ya kamata ba kasa da 40 cm daga farko ba. Kana buƙatar barin rassan 2-3, kuma yanke dukkan sauran harbe. Ya kamata a rage rassan dake tsakanin sassan da 2/3. Har ila yau, babban ɓacin jiki an rage ta da 25-30 cm.
3. A shekara ta huɗu na ci gaba, an samu ci gaba na uku. Bar rassan 1 ko 2. Domin kakar wasa ta gaba, wajibi ne don rage gajeren ɓangaren don haka yana da matakin ɗaya kamar matakin na uku.

Kariya akan sanyi da rodents

Pear "Red-gefe" yana nufin itatuwa da tsayin sanyi. Ya kamata matasa suyi zafi tare da takunkumi na katako ko burlap, kuma itatuwa masu girma su kasance shirya don hunturu kamar haka:

• cire rassan, ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da tarkace daga layin;
• an bada shawara don mirgine sama da zagaye na kusa don tsayar da kwari;
• yana da muhimmanci don wanke kullun da kuma 1/3 daga cikin rassan dake cikin ƙananan wuri. Don yin wannan, zaka buƙaci kilo 2 na lemun tsami, 1 kg na yumbu mai laushi da 300 g na jan karfe sulfate;
• A mataki na ƙarshe, an shuka shuka. Dole na sawdust ko peat ya zama akalla 15-20 cm Yana da matukar muhimmanci a cire sauyawa a lokacin da bazara ta zo, in ba haka ba zai sa tushen tsarin su wuce gona da iri ba.

Shin kuna sani? Mafi girma pear a Rasha ya girma daga Abas Matiyev daga Ingushetia. Halinta ya kasance 1 kg 7 g.

Pear "Red-gefe" yana halin juriya ga cututtuka da dama da kwari. Yana da wuya rinjayar cytosporosis, powdery mildew da scab, pear gall mites, aphids, da leafworms. Duk da haka, zaku iya daukar matakai masu kiyayewa don hana bayyanar cututtuka da kwari a kan shuka. Idan ka yanke shawara don dasa pear a kan mãkirci, muna bada shawarar zabar iri-iri Krasnobokaya. Itacen yana da kyau a kulawa, saboda haka zaka iya girma ba tare da komai ba kuma ka ji dadi da girbi.