Magonia a cikin tarkace yana mallakar mallakar Magonia a cikin iyali Barberry. Wurin haifuwar wannan shuka shine yankuna yamma na Amurka. Ya yada zuwa Turai da sauran sassan duniya a tsakiyar karni na 19. Ba kamar barberry ba, babu ƙayayuwa akan mahonia, don haka an horar da shi da babban buri. Irin wannan shuka na duniya ba ya buƙatar kulawa da hankali. Kyauta ce da gaske ga mutum daga dabi'a. Shrubarancin bishiyoyi masu ƙyalƙyali masu kyau a cikin lambun sun yi ado da kyau tare da busassun fure da furanni masu ƙanshi A cikin kaka, mahogany yana jin daɗin girbi na berries, wanda aka yi amfani dashi sosai a dafa abinci da magungunan gargajiya.
Bayanin Botanical
Babbar mahogany itace mai yaduwa iri mai tsayi kimanin 1 m. Madaidaici, harbe da aka yi da furanni suna da zagaye giciye na karamin diamita. An rufe rassan tare da haushi mai launin m. Tare da shekaru, yana samun launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi da fasa.
Sama da tsawon tsawon reshen akwai hadaddun, fure mai fure tare da faranti 5-9. Tsawon kowane ganyayen ɗakin mutum yakai 15 cm. A kann bakin duhu mai duhu zamu iya bambance tsarin taimako na jijiyoyi. A baya yana da wuta, matte surface. A gefuna na ganyayyaki, ƙananan recesses da denticles ana gani.
A watan Afrilu-Mayu, fure na mahonia yana faruwa. M panicle inflorescences an kafa daga axils na ganyen matasa harbe. Flowersanan furanni masu launin rawaya sun ƙunshi ƙarfe tara da fure shida. A tsakiyar akwai gajeren tambari da ƙwari.
A watan Agusta-Satumba, 'ya'yan itãcen sun hau kan bushes. Ana tattara berries duhu masu duhu tare da shuɗin shuɗi a cikin gungu. Tsawon tayi bai wuce 1 cm ba, kuma faɗin inci shine 8 mm. A kan fata tare da fure mai haske, gajere pubescence ana iya gani. A ɓangaren litattafan almara mai laushi mai daɗi mai laushi akwai 2-8 oblong tsaba. Kowane ɗayansu an rufe shi da fata mai laushi mai laushi.
Shahararrun nau'ikan
Akwai kusan nau'ikan 50 a cikin asalin halittar mahonia. Wasu daga cikinsu an samo su ne ta wucin gadi kuma sun wanzu ne kawai a al'adance. Mafi mashahuri shine m mahonia. Itatum game da tsayi na 1 m na fadadawa a cikin fadin sa ya kuma yi kauri sosai. A kan harbe-rikice na madaidaiciya mai launin launin toka-toka, ganye mara ganuwa har zuwa tsawon cm 50. Ana yin ganyen ganyen da ya yi kama da siffar furen ganye, tsawonsu yakai 15 cm. A ƙarshen rabin damina, an fiɗa bishiyoyin a cikin filayen ruwan rawaya mai launin shuɗi, kuma bayan watanni 2 ana maye gurbinsu da tarin ƙananan blue-baki berries. Nau'in kayan ado:
- Apollo - a cikin bazara, bushes har zuwa 1 m high an rufe shi da duhu kore ganye, amma har zuwa Agusta ana fentin su a cikin tagulla tag.
- Zinare - a kan duhu kore serrated ganye akwai rawaya kan iyaka a gefen.
- Atropurpurea - tsire yana samar da fure mai siffar maras nauyi tare da diamita na 60. Daga farkon kaka, duhu kore ganye juya purple. Bright yellow m furanni fure a watan Mayu, da Agusta, baƙar fata da shuɗi oblong berries ripen.
- Motley - m ganye a ko'ina cikin shekara kewaye da wani bakin ciki na bakin ciki fari a tarnaƙi.
Magonia tana creeping. Tsawon tsirrai na bishiyoyi 25-5 cm ne akan kowace faranti akwai farantin ganye 3-7 3 cm tsayi. A cikin axils na matasa harbe, lokacin farin ciki rawaya inflorescences 3-7 cm tsawon fure. Daga baya ana maye gurbinsu da baƙar fata pubescent baƙar fata.
Jafananci mahonia. An rarraba shi gaba daya cikin al'adu, a cikin gidajen Aljannar China da Japan. Itacen yana da siffar bishiyoyi har zuwa m 4. Gwanin ya ƙunshi harbe-tsaren madaidaiciya tare da ƙaramin adadin matakai a kaikaice. Manyan ganyayyaki wadanda ba a riga an sanya su a kan petioles har zuwa tsayi cm 45. Takaddun burodi suna dan sunkuyar da baya. A ƙarshen ƙarshen mai mai kauri inflorescences 10-20 cm tsayi ana yin kowane Kofi tare da furanni masu launin rawaya a diamita shine 6-8 mm. Tana fitar da ƙanshin mai daɗin ji game da ƙanshin furanni na kwari.
Magonia Fremonti. A shrub har zuwa 3 m high siffofin da kambi mai yawa. Ganyayyaki masu launin ƙwai ko babba-lanceolate tare da gefuna da aka zana ana fentin su a cikin hasken kore mai haske tare da shuɗi mai launin shudi. The fi na harbe an yi wa ado da dogon haske rawaya inflorescences. Bayan pollination, ja-m berries ripen.
Hanyoyin kiwo
M magonia yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, yan itace da kuma sanya filayen. Tsaba suna shuka nan da nan bayan girbi, kamar yadda suke rasa sauri. A watan Satumba, an rarraba kayan iri a cikin akwatunan da aka shirya tare da cakuda yashi-peat zuwa zurfin 5-10 mm. Don daidaitawa a cikin hunturu, ana ajiye akwatunan tare da tsaba a cikin dakin sanyi. Otsan buɗe ido suna bayyana a watan Mayu, tare da bayyanar ganye na ainihi 3-4, 'yan seedlings sun yi nutsuwa, amma ci gaba da girma a cikin greenhouse. Dasa a cikin fili ake shirin shekara ta huɗu ta rayuwar shuka.
Don nan da nan samun tsire-tsire da yawa waɗanda ke adana nau'ikan halaye na mahonia na mahaifiya da kuma sauri da sauri, ya dace don cire tushen. An yanke su a farkon bazara tare da matasa harbe. Kowane yanki yana da kodan 6-8. Roocing ne yake aikata a cikin wani haske, ƙasa m, a cikin greenhouses. An yanke yankan tsaye, suna zurfafawa a cikin ƙananan 2 buds. Yana da mahimmanci don kula da zafi mai tsabta kuma sanyaya ƙasa a kai a kai.
Za a iya guntar da reshen ƙaramin reshe a ƙasa don kafe tushen. Lokacin da aka kafa cikakke Tushen kuma shuka ya ɗauki sabon harbe, ana iya rabuwa da shi daga babban daji kuma a dasa shi zuwa wurin dindindin.
Wani lokaci bushes yana ba da tushen tafiyar matakai wanda za'a iya tura shi nan da nan zuwa sabon wuri. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna haɓaka cikin hanzari kuma suna fure a shekara mai zuwa, amma ba duk nau'in halittu ba ne zasu iya yadu ta wannan hanyar.
Siffofin Girma
Girma mahonia akan tsarin mahalli abu ne mai sauki. A inji shi ne unpretentious kuma quite tenacious. Zai iya dacewa da yanayin rayuwa tare da kula da kyakkyawa.
Holly magonia yana da ikon yin girma a cikin wuraren bude ko a cikin inuwa m. Ieabiyoyin da ke bambanta suna buƙatar ƙarin haske mai kyau. Motoci kan jure yanayin bazara mai zafi da kuma lokacin sanyi, amma suna neman kariyar kai wa kan girka.
Dasa kuma dasa kayan mahogany a cikin bazara. Domin kada ku lalata rhizome, kuna buƙatar ajiye tsohuwar kurar dunƙule. Soilasa ta kamata ta ɗan ɗanɗana yanayin acidic kuma ta kasance mai isa sosai. Bayan dasa, da saman ne mulched da najasa taki ko takin. Kafin fure, ya kamata a ƙara saka rigar ƙasa ta duniya (nitroammofoska, Kemira Universal) a cikin ƙasa.
Magonia tana fama da karancin fari, amma tana iya fama da ambaliyar ƙasa. Idan hazo lokaci-lokaci da dama a lokacin rani, to shuka ba ya buƙatar ƙarin watering. Tare da fari fari, ana shayar da bushes kowane mako biyu.
Don hunturu, ana bada shawara ga ciyawa kasar gona da sawdust, hay, shukar ganye ko allura. Idan ana sa ran sanyi, hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara, to ya cancanci rufe duk daji tare da kayan da ba'a saka ba. A cikin bazara, a lokacin lokacin dusar ƙanƙara, holonia magina yana fama da ƙima daga danshi a cikin ƙasa. Tushen na iya lalacewa kuma tsiron ya mutu. Don kauce wa wannan, ana bada shawara don rufe ƙasa a tushen tare da polyethylene.
Bayan an gama gama fure, zaku iya jujjuya ɗanyar da harbe don ya basu siffar da ake so. Tun lokacin da karami ya girma na dogon lokaci, sun fara datsa yara 10 bayan dasa shuki. An bar trimming ba fiye da rabin reshe ba, in ba haka ba fure ba zai faru a shekara mai zuwa.
Cutar da kwari
Tare da kulawa mara kyau, mildew powdery, Tushen tushe, tsatsa da sauran cututtukan fungal na iya haɓaka akan mahonia. Don kawar da cututtuka, ana bi da wuraren da abin ya shafa tare da maganin maganin kashewa.
Ganyayyaki masu wuya kusan ba sa jan kuran. Idan wata shuka da kwari suka kaiwa hari kusa da ita, ya fi dacewa a kula da duk ciyayi da ke kusa da maganin kashe kwari.
Amfani da mahonia
A ƙirar ƙasa. Tare da taimakon kyawawan bushes na mahogany, zaku iya yin kisan kare dangi. Sun dace da iyakokin ƙasa ko daidaita layin ƙasa. Ganyen duhu masu duhu tare da inflorescences rawaya suna tafiya lafiya tare da wardi ko primroses. Hannun furanni tare da ganye mai haske sun dace da dutsen dutse ko lambun halitta. An rarraba su a ƙarƙashin itatuwa masu tsayi. Hakanan, ana iya amfani da mahonia don yin kwalliyar bouquets da wreaths hutu.
A dafa abinci. Ana iya amfani da tumatir na magonia a ciki. Ana iya cinye su sabo ko amfani dasu don yin kayan zaki, salads da sauran jita-jita. Don dandana, sun yi kama da barberry. Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari don yin matsawa ko jelly. Miyasad da kuma ingantaccen ruwan inabi an kuma shirya daga berries.
A cikin magungunan mutane. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da harbe na mahonia suna da tasirin sakamako. Berberine na alkaloid da ke cikin su na taimakawa wajen yakar cututtukan da ke tafe:
- zawo
- cutar hanta
- gazawar koda
- rheumatism;
- psoriasis
- gout
- stagnation na bile.
Don neman magani. Ana amfani da kayan ado da infusions na giya daga shuka don amfanin ciki da na waje.
A masana'antar masana'anta. 'Ya'yan itah da aka lalata na mahonia ana amfani da su azaman na halitta mai ruwan shuɗi. An yi amfani dashi wajen samin denim na farko. Ana iya amfani da ganyayen man goge don zare zaren a kore. Don samun ɗanɗano launin rawaya, ɓawon burodi da tushen mahogany an murƙushe kuma an tafasa a cikin karamin ruwa.
