Blueberry shine ɗan itacen froma froman itace daga asalin Vaccinium, dangin Heather. A cikin mutane, ana kuma sananniyar tsire da sunayen gonobob, nutsad, kabeji, juniper, innabi shuɗi, da ruwan hoda. Yana girma a cikin lardin Arewacin, daga yankin mai ƙarfi zuwa Tundra. Abun furanni sun fi son rigar, wurare masu narkewa, gandun daji, gyada na peat da kogin rami. Shuka ta daɗe da shahara saboda ƙoshin ta mai daɗi da lafiya. Amma ruwan 'ya'yan itace shudi ma zasu iya zama kayan ado na lambun. M bushes tare da kananan ganye, reddening a cikin fall, da shuɗi shudi furanni yi kama da ban sha'awa. An riga an ƙirƙira nau'ikan lambunan ruwan 'ya'yan itace da yawa, waɗanda ke ɗaukar tushe sosai a gonar, saboda haka ba lallai ne ku nemi berries mai daɗi a cikin gandun daji ko cikin fadama ba.
Bayanin Shuka
Blueberry ɗan itacen dabino ne wanda aka saka 30-30 cm babba (wani lokacin har zuwa 1 m). Shekarun tsiro a cikin shekaru 90-100 ne. Lignified harbe girma tsaye ko dan kadan za. An rufe su da haske launin ruwan kasa ko haushi mai laushi. Rahian tsirrai na ƙwayar cuta ita ce fizir, ƙwalla. Saboda rashi tushen gashi, haɓaka al'ada na buƙatar symbiosis tare da fungi (mycorrhiza).
Takaddun ganye akan gajerun petioles suna haɓaka sabanin haka. Suna da ingantaccen tsari da sihiri mai kyau tare da zagaye mai zagaye. M duhu kore foliage ba fiye da 3 cm tsawo kuma har zuwa 2.5 cm m.Da aka rufe farfajiya na bakin ciki mai kunshe wanda ya ba shi launin shuɗi-kore. A gefen murfin wuta, wani sanannen tsokarwar jijiya yana bayyane bayyane. A cikin kaka, ganye yakan fara jujjuyawa sai ya faɗi.
Daga shekara ta 11-17, shudiya ta shuɗe. Furanni suna bayyana a watan Mayu. Su 'yan kanana ne, suna da kararrawa masu kama da juna kuma suna samar da inflorescences sako-sako har guda 20. Kowane corolla yana girma akan sassauƙa, drooping peduncle. Petals fari ne ko ruwan hoda mai haske a launi.
Bayan pollination, zagaye ko oblong m berries ripen by tsakiyar lokacin rani. Daga lokacin samun launi mai launi, zai ɗauki kwanaki da yawa don 'ya'yan itacen su zama masu taushi da daɗi. Fata yana da kullun yana da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko shuɗi tare da saka mai laushi. Tsawon Berry ya kai 12 mm. Yawan amfanin ƙasa na ruwan 'ya'yan itace blue shine babban abu, daga daji ɗaya zaka iya tattarawa har zuwa kilogram 10 na' ya'yan itace. Girman kowane ya kai 10-25 g.
Kwaya furanni ko ruwan hoda
Sakamakon kamanni na waje na bushes da berries, shuwakan shudi a koda yaushe sukan rikitar da ita da shudi. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda dukkanin tsire-tsire suna da alaƙa da juna kuma sun kasance iri ɗaya ne. Akwai bambance-bambance na halaye da yawa:
- Abun furanni masu shukar shuɗi suna da ƙasa sosai kuma rassanta kusan a koyaushe suna baza ƙasa;
- ruwan furannin shudi sun fi dandano mai haske da haske;
- ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka fitar da shudi shudi, amintacce ne, ba ya datti hannaye da tufafi;
- nau'in blueberries koyaushe yana zagaye, yayin da ruwan 'ya'yan itace blue na iya zama kusan.
Mashahuri irin nau'ikan shudi
Akwai da yawa subspecies na blueberries: marsh (arewa, tsumburai), lambun (high, Amurka), kunkuntar-leaved (matsakaici-tsayi, tare da kananan ganye da berries). Don dalilai na kayan ado kuma don samun girbi mai yawa, ana amfani da nau'in lambun sau da yawa:
- Blucrop. Goge tare da harbe a tsaye har zuwa 2 m a cikin bazara an rufe shi da kyawawan ganye mai launin shuɗi wanda a hankali ya zama kore. A watan Mayu, manyan fararen furanni sun bayyana, kuma a lokacin rani, manyan gungu na bakin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi-baki da ke girma zuwa 2 cm a diamita.
- Patriot. Weakan itace da ke raunana ƙananan 1.5-2 m babban siffofin kambi mai yawa. A ƙarshen Yuli, gungu mai yawa na 'ya'yan itatuwa mara laushi
- Kasuwanci Kyakkyawan daji har zuwa 1.2 m babban yana samar da amfanin gona na shuɗi mai haske mai duhu wanda ya fara zuwa farkon watan Agusta.
- Duke. Kyaftin tsiro sannu a hankali tsawon 120-180 cm ya riga ya kasance a tsakiyar tsakiyar watan Yuli yana da amfanin gona na fure mai shuɗi mai haske. Heat-ƙauna iri-iri a cikin yanayi mai kyau yana bada har zuwa kilogiram 8 na 'ya'yan itace daga daji.
- Kogin. Baƙin rauni harbe da girma tsaye. Tsayinsu yakai cm 1-2-200. A tsakiyar watan Yuni, manyan furanni masu launin shuɗi masu haske suna fara yin fure. Suna ɗanɗano kyakkyawa kuma suna jure wa harkokin sufuri da kyau.
- Kyauta Kusan wata daji mai siffar zobe ta haifi 'ya'ya a farkon watan Agusta. Halinsa na rarrabe shine girman berries (har zuwa 3 cm a diamita). An rufe su da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi kuma suna da nau'i mai zagaye.
- Chandler. Shruban itace da ke girma cikin sauri 1.5 m high shima yana ba da girma (har zuwa 2.5 cm a diamita) berries mai shuɗi mai haske.
- Arewacin kasar Shortan gajeren (100-120 cm) tare da kambi mai yawa, rawanin furanni da ƙananan ganyayyaki masu yalwa an rufe shi da kyawawan furanni masu launin shuɗi a ƙarshen Yuli.
- Denis Blue. Itace mafi girma (150-180 cm) shahararren shahararre ne ba kawai don girbi ba, har ma don babban ado. Tsakanin ƙananan emerald suna barin haske inflorescences fure. Bayan pollination, manyan m blue berries ripen.
- Kasar Arewa. Shortaramar shuka ba ta wuce 60 cm ba ga tsayi. Yana ba da karin amfanin gona mai daidaitacce, amma berries suna da ɗanɗano mai ban sha'awa da dandano mai ƙanshi. Wannan iri-iri ne sosai undemanding ga kasar gona da resistant zuwa sanyi.
- Al'adar. Yadu harbe har zuwa 1.8 m high suna da matakai na nesa da yawa. A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, burushi mai yawa na launin shuɗi-shudi mai launin shuɗi tare da bakin ciki, fata mai fatsi-fatsi ya bayyana akan su.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Hanyoyi da yawa sun dace da girma blueberries.
Girma daga tsaba. Ya kamata a tattara tsaba daga ingantattun berries daga kyawawan bushes. An 'yanta daga ɓangaren litattafan almara, an wanke su a bushe. A cikin bazara, bayan daidaitawa, ana shuka amfanin gona a cikin kwantena tare da yashi da peat ƙasa zuwa zurfin 5 mm. Kwantena suna ɗauke da zafin jiki + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Ana yin ƙasa a kai a kai. Shekaru 2, ana shuka seedlings a wuri guda. Zai zama wajibi don lokaci-lokaci ruwa da sassauta ƙasa kusa da asalinsu. Daga shekara ta uku, ana iya dasa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi a cikin lambun.
Rooting cuttings - mafi mashahuri hanyar tsakanin lambu. An yanke huɗar kore a cikin bazara da bazara, kuma an girbe lignified daga kaka. Dole ne harbe ya kasance yana da tsawon kimanin cm 15. An yi ƙananan yankan nan da nan kamar yadda yakamata a ƙasa kulli. Bayan jiyya tare da haɓakar haɓaka, ana yanke itace a cikin tukwane da ƙasa wanda ke ɗauke da yashi har 70%. Ana ajiye su a karkashin kaho har tsawon watanni 2. Lokacin da rhizome ya haɓaka kuma sababbin harbe suka bayyana, ana iya cire tsari.
Raba daga daji. Za'a iya raba ƙananan bushes zuwa sassa da yawa. A cikin bazara, an dasa tsiron gaba ɗaya kuma sassan tushen da yawa tare da buds ko matasa harbe ke rabu. Nan da nan bayan an yi amfani da shi, an kula da rukunin wuraren yanka da keɓaɓɓun gawayi kuma ana shuka daskararwar.
Rooting yadudduka. Haushi akan ƙaramin reshe ya ɗan lalace, sannan sai suka matse shi ƙasa ya gyara shi. Ya kamata a shayar da saka ruwa sau da yawa. Zai yi tushe a wannan shekara, amma rabuwa da dasawa ana yin su ne kawai bayan shekaru 2.
Saukowa da kulawa
Don furannin shudi, yana da kyau a dauko shingen da aka tsare, mai kwantar da hankali a gonar. Matsayi ya dace a gefen kudu na shinge, bango ko kusa da sauran bishiyoyi da tsirrai. Dankin ya fi son wuraren da ke da kyau-lit, amma a zahiri yana tasowa a cikin inuwa m.
Ana saukowa mafi kyau a tsakiyar kaka ko farkon bazara. A matsayinka na shuka 'ya'yan itace, ana dasa shuki shuki a cikin layuka tare da nisan kusan 1 m tsakanin bushes da 2-3 m a cikin hanyar. Daga nan za a sami isasshen haske don wuraren saukar da shi zai zama da sauƙi a kula da su. Bushes zai yi girma sosai a kan ƙasa mai acidic. Idan ya cancanta, ana kawo isasshen yashi da peat a cikin ƙasa. Tushen a cikin rami na dasawa a rarraba kuma rufe sararin samaniya da ƙasa mara lahani ba tare da ƙari ba. Tushen tushe yana zurfafa da kusan 3-5 cm.
A ƙarshen dasa, ana shayar da bushes ɗin da yawa kuma suna ciya da ƙasa ƙasa tare da haushi, bambaro, da allura. Wannan zai taimaka wajen gujewa samuwar ɓawon burodi mai ƙura akan farfajiya. Koyaya, a lokuta da dama a cikin kakar an kwance ƙasa. Tushen kawai 10-15 cm daga farfajiya, don haka ana aiwatar da aiki tare da taka tsantsan. Ya kamata a cire weeds.
Blueberries suna buƙatar yin ruwa akai-akai. Atasa a Tushen ya kamata koyaushe ya zama mai ɗanɗano, amma ɓarna na ruwa fiye da kwana biyu yana haifar da lalata. Idan babu hazo, ana zuba bokiti na ruwa 1-1.5 a cikin daji sau biyu a mako. Ban ruwa ne mafi kyau a yi da sanyin safiya, ko kuma kusa da faɗuwar rana. Ko da a ƙarshen bazara, lokacin da aka girbe amfanin gona, yana da muhimmanci a ci gaba da shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itacen inabin, saboda a yanzu haka sababbin furannin fure suna ta tonowa. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a fesa daji gabaɗaya a ranakun zafi, amma ba da tsakar rana ba.
Don sa amfanin gona ya zama yalwatacce, blueberries buƙatar haɗa shi a kai a kai. Babu matsala yakamata kuyi amfani da kwayoyin. Don kula da babban acid ɗin ƙasa, ana gabatar da maganin sullar ɓarabara, citric acid ko 0.1% electrolyte don batirin a ciki. An gabatar da riguna na fari na farko kafin fara buɗe furanni, na biyu yayin furanni, kuma na ƙarshe lokacin da ake tumatir.
Kula da shuɗar shudi ta ƙunshi girke-girke na tilas, wanda zai ba ku damar kula da rikice-rikice, adon ado da yawan aiki. Mafi kyawun lokacin girkin shine farkon bazara, kafin a buɗe buds. An kafa rassa mai sutletal akan ƙananan bushes wanda zai iya tsayayya da babban nauyin. Green harbe za a iya yanka zuwa rabi. Ana cire bushe da lalacewar lalacewa a duk shekara zuwa gindi. Abubuwan da suka fashe sama da shekaru 5 an yanke su a ƙasa don suyi haɓakar ƙuruciya. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don fitar da wani kambi wanda ya yi kauri sosai, saboda tare da tsawan ƙarfi, fure ya zama ƙasa mai yawa, kuma rian berries ya penaru sosai.
Blueberries suna halin kyawawan juriya ga sanyi, amma a matsanancin winters (a ƙasa -25 ° C) in babu dusar ƙanƙara ta rufe bushes ɗin daskarewa. Don guje wa wannan, bayan girbi, an yanke rassan zuwa ƙasa kuma an gyara su da igiya ko waya. Ruwan bushewa da kuma rassan spruce an jefa a saman, kuma a lokacin hunturu ana zubar dusar kankara. A farkon bazara, ya zama dole don cire duk tsari don kada tsirran ya tsiro.
Tare da zaɓin da ya dace na wurin da kulawa, 'ya'yan budu-shuki ba sa yin rashin lafiya kuma ba sa ɗanɗani kwari. Idan yawancin ruwa yakan yi tururi a cikin ƙasa, toya launin toka, bushewar reshe, farin cakuda ko walƙatarwa biyu na iya haɓaka. Don hana wannan faruwa, ya kamata ku kula da ingancin ƙasa da cirewar ruwan sha. An riga an yanke rassa da cutar, kuma ana kula da waɗanda ke da lafiya ta hanyar kashe-kashe ("Topaz", Bordeaux ruwa, "Topsin").
Wataƙila kwari suna damun shuka sosai, amma aphids, kwari masu kwari, da silkworms suma zasu iya zama. Ana tattara parasites da hannu kuma ana bi da su da maganin kashe kwari. Don hana sunadarai daga daidaitawa a kan berries, an shirya jiyya don farkon bazara, kafin bayyanuwar furanni.
Berry fa'idodi
Kwayabawan itace tushen abinci mai gina jiki. Suna da ikon kiyayewa, ƙarfafawa da haɓaka jikin ɗan adam. Ruwan ya ƙunshi bitamin (A, B1, B2, K, C), amino acid, micro da macro abubuwa. Wadannan abubuwa suna cire karafa masu kara karfi, karfafa jijiyoyin jini, karfafa hanjin narkewa, taimakawa tare da sanyi da amai da gudawa, da rage karfin jini.
Decoctions, tinctures, tsare, compotes tare da Bugu da kari ba kawai berries, amma kuma bar taimaka rage na rheumatism da zazzabi, inganta hangen nesa, taimaka tsoka cramps. Ana amfani da su don ciwon sukari da kuma hanji don samar da ciwace-ciwacen daji.
Kwaya furanni ba su da rigakafi. Tabbas, ya wajaba don amfani dashi da kyau, kamar kowane samfuri. Berriesaukar tumatir a cikin jiki yana haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki, haifar da tashin zuciya, tashin zuciya da raguwar sautin tsoka.
