Botanists suna kiran wannan shuka wani mai izgili. A cikin mutane, sunan Jasmine flower yana da alaƙa da wakilin Kamnelomkov (Gortenziev). Sun yaba wa tsiron don ƙanshi mai ƙanshi da bayyanar ta ado. Ana samun ciyawar tsirrai a wuraren shakatawa na birni.
Adon lambun
Nuna al'ada ta bishiyoyi guda ɗaya a cikin lambuna da amfani da shinge.
Ban sha'awa game da Jasmin
A kusan babu izinin izgili a cikin Rasha - shuka ne na lambu. Sai dai in cikin Crimea da sawun Caucasus, kuna iya tuntuɓe akan tsiron da ba a taɓa yin jasmine ba.
Jakadun daga Jamus sun kawo wannan shuka zuwa karni na 17 a matsayin kyauta ga Tsar Alexei Romanov, yana sanya sabbin lambuna. Dajin ya zo Turai daga kasashen larabawa a lokacin arna, lokacin da yanayi yana da matukar muhimmanci ga mutane. Furen Jasmin sun jawo hankali tare da dusar ƙanƙara-fari da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Godiya ga wannan, an fara dasa itacen a matsayin wata alama ce ta rashin laifi, ƙauna ta tsarkaka kuma ana kiranta "itacen amarya."
Da zuwan Kiristanci, mai yi ba'a bai rasa mahimmancin sa ba. Daga wannan lokacin ya zama fure daga cikin budurwa Maryamu kuma alama ce ta mace, alheri. A cikin Asiya, dangantaka ta musamman ga wannan shuka. Yana da alaƙa da sifar mahaifiyarsa, ana girmama shi a matsayin itace mai tsarki, har ma ana kiranta "mabuɗin aljanna."
Alamar rashin laifi
An kira Jasmin Chubushnik a Indiya, yana haɗa shuka da kyakkyawan labari. Yayi maganar rashin dacewar gimbiya ga Allah Rana. Jayayyar da Jasmin ya kashe kansa, wannan ya taɓa rufin ruhun. Allah na Rana ya tsiro wani kyakkyawan daji daga tokar budurwa. Amma ya bashi ikon bude furanni kawai da daddare, don kar ya sadu da ran gimbiya.
A cikin Turai, mafi kyawun shuka shine Philadelphus (daga sunan Latin Philadélphus). Dangane da fasali daya, daji jasmine ya samo sunan shi don girmamawa ga Sarki Ptolemy Philadelphus, masanin dabi'ar halitta. Na biyu - an samo asali ne daga ingantacciyar fassara daga Latin - "ƙaunar ɗan'uwan." Philadelphus yana ƙaunar haɗin kai tare da wasu tsirrai.
An ambaci sunan Chubushnikom lambun Jasmin a Rasha. 'Ya'yan itacen da aka dasa, wadanda aka' yantu daga mahimmin laushi, ana amfani dasu wajen yin bututun hayaki (ana kiransu chubuki). Hakanan an samar da daga rassan bututu da sarewa.
Menene mai izgili?
Fewan nau'in tsire-tsire ne kawai ake shukawa a cikin gidajen lambuna, tare da bambance-bambance a hanyoyi da yawa. Akwai halaye iri ɗaya waɗanda zasu taimaka ƙayyade yadda jasmine yake kama:
- Wannan tsire-tsire ne da ke da siriri mai yawa;
- yana da duka gaban ganye.
- jasmine shrub flower na yau da kullun, inuwa mai haske.
A tsakanin lambu akwai rigima a kan batun, ciyawar jasmine ko itace. Kuna hukunta da yawan Trunks, da shuka ana iya kiransa bushy. Amma itace mai yawa, izgili-sama ya kai tsayin mita 3-4. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa sunyi imani da cewa jasmine itace.
Daga cikin chubushniks da aka girma a Rasha, nau'ikan 3 sune na kowa, tare da bambancin halayyar kowannensu.
Babban nau'ikan Jasmin
| Suna | Bayanin |
|---|---|
| Crowned | Shuka ya kai tsawo na 3 m, amma akwai siffofin dwarf don gonar. Yana bayar da gogewa-mai siffa m inflorescences. Manyan furanni masu laushi masu laushi sun kai diamita na 3.5 cm. Akwai kuma terry Jasmin tare da manyan furanni. |
| Manyan furanni | Chubushnik ya girma har zuwa 4. M wani farin launi mai dusar ƙanƙara a kan rassan gefen a cikin kyawawan manyan goge |
| Lemoine | Akwai siffofin dwarf da kuma tsayi (har zuwa 3 m high). An tattara inflorescences na pistillate daga manyan fararen furanni, furanni da yawa ninki fiye da 4 cm a diamita. Akwai iri iri tare da inflorescences a cikin nau'i na sako-sako da sultans rabin m tsawo |
Chubushnik coronet
Kula! Jasmine tsire-tsire ne mai tsananin sanyi-hunturu, saboda haka ana samun ciyawar sosai a yankuna na arewacin. Amma Chubushnik, yana girma a kudu, yana ba da kyakkyawan launi.
Yadda shuka tsintsiya
Jasmin shrub tsayi, kamar itace. Baya ga fari ko furanni mai tsami, shima yana da fure mai launin zinare. Budding faruwa a watan Mayu, tun Yuni gonar tana cike da m kamshi.
Wasu suna mamakin yadda jasmine ke fure kuma yaushe, idan a rana ta rufe idinta na rufe. Chubushnik inflorescences yana farkawa da fara duhu (lokacin da Allah na Rana ya huta). Anshin da Jasma tayi dashi tana da ƙarfi sosai cewa bayanan ta na iya narkar da gonar har tsakar rana.
Lokacin kamshi na iri daban-daban na iya bambanta. Yawancin furanni yana kasancewa har zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta. Coronet chubushnik ne kawai ke murɗa mayukan bayan kwana 20, da sarrafawa don bayar da launi masu yawa yayin wannan lokacin.
Mahimmin ƙanshin ruwan jasmine ana amfani dashi sosai wurin ƙamshi don ƙirƙirar ƙanshin turaren wuta, colognes, deodorant. Itaciyar fure mai fure tare da izgili mara tsalle-tsalle suna da farin jini a duk duniya saboda dukiyoyinsu.
Dabbobi da iri iri sun girma a Rasha
Da zaran Jasmin ya bayyana a Rasha, nan da nan ya zama abin da aka fi so a shuka na lambu. Da kwazo tsunduma cikin narkar da al'adu, gida da waje masu shayarwa. Yawancin iri iri, duk da bambancin waje, ana dacewa da yanayin Rasha.
Zaɓin Victor Lemoine
A tsakiyar karni na 19, wannan mai furen fulawa ya yi wa kansa suna ta yayata yaduwar nau'in tsiro. Iyalin Lemoine sun kirkiro wasu nau'ikan al'adun ado. Ofayan ɗayan na ƙarshe su ne masu izgili, waɗanda aka bambanta da ƙanshinsu na yau da kullun.
Shahararrun irin jasmine Lemoine
| Suna | Siffofin | Gudun ruwa |
|---|---|---|
| Mont Blanc | Dazuka daji ya kai nisan mitoci. Arami (har zuwa 3 cm) furanni masu launin dusar ƙanƙan-fari-biyu da aka tattara a cikin inji mai kwakwalwa 3-5. a cikin m inflorescences. Furannin da ke tsakiyar furen suna nannade cikin. A waje daya, cikin alherin tanƙwara baya, samar da layi mai yawa ba tare da gibba ba. | Yana fure a tsakiyar Yuni kuma yana jin ƙyamar watanni 1-1.5. |
| Glecher | Za'a bambanta daji daya da rabi ta hanyar madaidaicin mai tushe wanda aka zana tare da ciyawar m. Gustomakhrovye babba (4,5 cm a diamita) furanni na 5-7. da aka tattara a cikin m bunlo na inflorescences har zuwa cm 6 tsawo. Wadancan, biyun, ana hade cikin manyan kunkuntun sultans (0.5-0.7 m kowace). | Yana ba da launi a farkon Yuni kuma na dogon lokaci yana jin daɗin ƙanshin mutane a kusa. |
| Ermine Mantle | Smallan ƙarami (0.8-1 m), kusan ɗakun daji mai ɗimbin yawa yana tsaye tare da kunkuntar, ingantaccen ganye da kuma rassan rataye na bakin ciki. Inflorescences an yalwata kafa a gefen harbe. Sun ƙunshi ƙananan (2,5-3 cm) furanni biyu na fure-fure biyu, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin rukuni na 2-3 inji mai kwakwalwa. | Ya mamaye duk sauran nau'in a lokacin furanni. Fara farawa daga farkon rabin Yuni, yana zubar da launi kawai a watan Agusta. |
Jasmin Blizzard
A cikin zaɓin Vekhov har yanzu akwai wasu kyawawan iri waɗanda zasu iya zama ainihin kayan ado na kowane shafi.
Dasawa bayan sayan a bude ƙasa
Ganin sau ɗaya na daji na ado, masu lambu suna tunanin yadda ake shuka Jasas, saboda ya dace da sauri zuwa sabon wuri. Babu wasu dabaru na musamman a cikin dasawa, amma yana da daraja a kula da wasu wuraren.
Chubushnik ba a fassara shi ba wajen zaɓar wani shafi. Zai iya haɓaka kullun akan kowace ƙasa, har ma da ƙoshin abubuwa masu amfani. Abinda kawai ke damuwa shine kada ƙasar ta zama mai gishiri.
Area purchasedan itace an fi sayo su a cikin wuraren ɗorawa inda jasmine ke girma cikin kwantena Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire za a iya sake hawa a kowane lokaci.
Mahimmanci! Don bushes tare da bude tushen, mafi kyau lokacin dasa shine kaka ko farkon bazara. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu fure-fure ba wuya su sami tushe.
Zabi mafi kyawun wuri
Idan Jasma ba ta da gunaguni game da zaɓin ƙasa ba, to, akwai wasu buƙatu don wurare na dindindin a shuka:
- izgili na iya wanzu a cikin inuwa, amma zai yi fure mai zurfi a cikin rana kawai;
- inji shi hygrophilous, amma matakin ƙasa danshi ya zama matsakaici; idan ya yi girman gaske, ana buƙatar sashin magudanar ruwa;
- Jasmine ba ta son kadaici, saboda haka ya fi kyau a dasa ta kusa da sauran bushes.
Kula! Karku sanya izgili a cikin ƙananan wuraren da danshi ke tarawa. Zaɓi tsaunuka na hasken rana, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa babu buɗaɗɗun zane.
Mataki-mataki ƙasa saukowa
Dasa seedling wani sananne ne ga mazauna bazara. A cikin tushen jasmine, akwai wasu fasaloli waɗanda suke da mahimmanci a cikin dasa shuki:
- A cikin yankin da suka shirya sun tono rami sau 2 fiye da tushen dunƙule;
- a kasan sa layin magudanar ruwa na 15-20 cm daga dutse mai kazanta ko yashi;
- sa’annan aka zuba ƙasa mai laushi, ya bar sarari kyauta daidai yake da tsayin ganga daga saman ramin;
Chubushnik saukowa
- an cire seedling a cikin akwati kuma a sanya shi a tsakiyar ramin, yana daidaita tushen;
- yayyafa su da ƙasa, suna ƙoƙarin ku ɓoye duka tushe a waje (in ba haka ba akwai haɗarin lalata).
Puntata ƙasa da kuma samar da wata da'irar ruwa, a cikin abin da 2 buhuna na ruwa an kawo. An saka ciyayi a kai domin ƙasa ta kasance tsawon rigar.
Idan kuna shirin ƙirƙirar shinge na Jasmin, kula da nisa tsakanin bushes na tsari na 0.5-0.8 m A cikin wuraren dasa rukuni, ana iya ƙara wannan tazara ta mita ɗaya da rabi.
Nan da nan bayan dasa, zaka iya fara yin kambi, cire rassan rauni kuma gajartar da manyan kututturen kadan. Wannan yana ƙarfafa samuwar ƙarin kodan.
Jasmin yaduwa
Chubushnik za a iya barnata ta dukkan hanyoyin da ake da su. Wani ya tafi hanyar gargajiya kuma mafi araha - yana raba bushes ko ɗaukar farashi. Wasu kuma suna da sha'awar yadda ake yaduwa iri ko kuma yanke rassan.
Yankan
Wannan hanyar haifuwa ba ta amfani da duk mazaunin bazara, idan akai la'akari da shi mafi kwazo. Dasa kayan itace ake girbe a tsakiyar watan Yuni, lokacin da shuka ya fi ƙarfin ci gaba. Shootsauki waɗanda ba a haɗa su ba kuma a yanke su a cikin manyan 5 cm tsawon, kuna ƙoƙarin samun ganyayyaki 2-3 akan kowane.
Yanke Jasmin
Kula! Yana da mahimmanci don yanke daidai lokacin yanka. An sanya layin madaidaiciya a sama sama da kumburi, ƙananan an yi su a kusurwa na ƙashin gaba.
Sannan suna aiki bisa ga wannan algorithm:
- kwandon da ciyawar za ta tsiro cike da abin da yake daidai na yashi da peat;
- a kan rassan, an yanke farantin ganye a rabi;
- shiryawa na sa'o'i da yawa a cikin maganin tushenin ko heteroauxin;
- an yanke itace a cikin substrate kuma an rufe shi da kwalabe filastik.
Shayar yau da kullun. Lokaci-lokaci buɗe hotbed kuma feshi da tsiran tare da bindiga da aka fesa. Bayan rooting, sprouts harden, bayan da dole ne a buɗe su sosai.
A cikin hunturu, ana iya ajiye akwati a cikin greenhouse ko a haƙa a cikin greenhouse. A cikin bazara, an dasa shi a cikin kwantena masu girma kuma ya girma seedlings na shekaru 2. Kawai sai aka canza shi zuwa filin budewa.
Noma
Idan Jasmin zai yi yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, fure zai jira shekaru 5-8 (duka yana dogara ne akan yanayi da girma). Pre-dasa kayan yana daidaita kuma sannan aka shuka shi kafin hunturu.
A cikin bazara, lokacin da harbe suka bayyana, gado ya cika bakin ciki. Ana maimaita wannan hanyar sau da yawa a cikin kakar har sai an sami mafi kyawun nisa tsakanin bushes. Ana iya dasa shuki a cikin kwandon shara a ajiye shi a gida.
Kulawa da Jasmine a cikin Lambun
Abu ne mai sauki mu kula da yin ba'a. Babban abu shine kiyaye mahimman ka'idodi na fasaha na aikin gona.
Jasmin Kulawa
| Abubuwan da suka faru | Siffofin |
|---|---|
| Yanayin Watering | Suna shayar da ƙasa a kai a kai, ba tare da tsira idan ya bushe ba. Idan bazara ta yi zafi, ba tare da ruwan sama ba, ana aiwatar da aikin kowace ƙarnin |
| Manyan miya | An sanya su kowace shekara a cikin bazara, suna gabatar da slurry karkashin bushes (guga don shuka 1). Daga shekara ta 3 na rayuwa, an ƙara hadaddun ruwa na ma'adinai tare da fifiko akan superphosphates |
| Thinning | Ya kamata a sauƙaƙe saukowa daga lokacin farin ciki. Sabili da haka, an cire rassan rassan shekaru 5-6 da ganga |
Sauran fasahohin aikin gona suna kama da ciyayi. An yi su kamar yadda ake buƙata.
A lokacin furanni
Lokacin da furanni ke da ƙanshi, jasmine yana buƙatar inganta shayarwa. Saboda rashin danshi, daji zai yi fure a baya fiye da yadda aka saba. Sabili da haka, a cikin lokacin zafi, ana ƙara lita 20-30 na ruwa kowace rana a ƙarƙashin kowace shuka.
Yayin hutawa
Da zaran an jefar da izgili, sai ya fara shiri don aminci. A wannan lokacin, ana shuka tsiro ta amfani da superphosphate (20 g) gauraye da itacen ash (100 g) a kowace murabba'in murabba'in. Wilted inflorescences an cire shi nan da nan. Ruwa yana raguwa kuma an soke shi gaba ɗaya daga Oktoba.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
Bushesan Adam bushes jure sanyi. Matasa seedlings bazai tsira daga matsanancin hunturu ba tare da tsari. Don kada kayan rufe su busa daga daji tare da iska, an ɗaura shi da igiya. An haƙa gangar jikin itacen kuma an cire ciyawar. Ana amfani da daskararruwar ciyawa mai yawa a saman.
Zaɓin Tsaran
Tare da ingantaccen shuka da kulawa, daji jasmine zaiyi farin ciki ga masu mallakar shafin tsawon shekaru. Kyawawan tsire-tsire ba wai kawai suna yin kwalliyar ɗakin gida ba, har ma tare da ƙanshin ƙanshi mai ƙanshi.
