Raba awaki

Mafi yawan iri na awaki da awaki: hanyoyin da za su kula da kiyayewa

Yau, yawancin awaki akan awakin gida ba shi da kwarewa fiye da baya. Kuma tare da fitowar sababbin sababbin nau'o'in yau da kullum don samar da madara, nama, ulu, da la'akari da ƙananan ƙwayar dabba, har ma da fara masu shuka goat, bin dokoki masu sauƙi, za su karɓa a madara mai madara mai yalwaci. Wannan labarin ya ba da sunayen raguna da suka tabbatar da kansu su zama "masu samar da" madara, da magunguna game da yadda za a kiyaye waɗannan dabbobi da wane irin kulawa don samarwa.

Mafi kyaun ganyayyaki

Daga cikin irin "kiwo" suna dauke da mafi kyau:

  1. Zaanenskaya. An dauke shi mafi yawan "milky" a tsakanin rassan daji. Kowane mutum mai girma, yana kimanin kilo 90. Lactation yana da watanni 11 a kowace shekara. A matsakaita shine lita 1000 na madara a kowace shekara. Tare da abincin dabba mai laushi, samar da madara idan aka kwatanta da saniya - game da ton na madara a kowace shekara. Milk ya ƙunshi daga 3.7% zuwa 4.5% mai. Girma da kyau acclimatized, amma bai yarda da zafi ba. Zuwan matsakaicin rai shine shekaru 8. Ana kifar da kabilar Zaanen tare da wasu ire-iren don ƙara samar da madara.

  2. Toggenburg. Bred a Switzerland. Ƙananan karami fiye da Zaanensky, mata masu girma suna kimanin kilo 55. A lokacin lactation lokacin samun kimanin lita 100 na madara (3-8% mai).

  3. Gorky Dairy. Mutane masu karfi suna gina, matsakaicin matsakaici. Nauyin mace shine kimanin kilo 45, namiji 60 kg. Yawan da ake samar da madara (5,5% mai) yana da iyaka daga 500 zuwa 1000 lita. A irin shi ne multifarious, har zuwa 5 yara za a iya haifa a daya lambing. Daraja a matsayin nama, kazalika da ingancin konkoma karãtunsa fãtun. Kalmar kiyayewa shine shekaru 10.

  4. Rashanci Rasha. Bred a Rasha. Harkokin cin abinci a kasashen Soviet. Babban kayan samar da madara, kimanin lita 600 a kowace shekara, madara mai yalwaci 5%. 2-3 an haifi awaki. Har ila yau, ana amfani da irin ga fata. Ya ƙunshi kimanin shekaru 10.

  5. Megrelian. M, game da 70 cm a bushe, nauyi - 45 kg, jiki yana da karfi, tsawon. Shin ƙananan ƙaho. Babban amfanin jiki, madara (5% mai) ya ba da kulawa mai kyau har zuwa lita 800 a kowace shekara, wanda shine raw kayan cuku, cuku. Tsayayya ga cutar irin, idan ya cancanta, abun ciki tare da makiyaya. Rashin haɓaka ba dace da kiwo a yanayin sanyi ba.

  6. Alpine. Large, mahara (har zuwa 4 jariran a cikin tukunya), yawan amfanin ƙasa mai girma (har zuwa lita 1300 na madara a kowace shekara), mai sauki a cikin abun ciki. Dabbobi suna da yanayin kwanciyar hankali, sabili da haka, an bada shawarar don yaduwar awaki. Ma'aikatan wannan irin na iya hawa itatuwa don ci ganye.

  7. Nubian. Girma (55-70 kg), mai girma a bushe, ƙafafu na bakin ciki da tsawo. Gashi yana da santsi don taɓawa, takaice. Differs samo high yawan amfanin ƙasa na madara mai (8% mai) - 900 lita a kowace shekara. Haka kuma nau'in kiwo ne don nama.

  8. Kamaru. Popular tare da manoma. Differs miniature, mata auna har zuwa 15 kg, maza - har zuwa 25 kg. Milk yana da wadataccen mai mai kyau, maras kyau, daidai da adana cikin firiji - har zuwa makonni biyu. Kwanan wata daga mutum daya sami adadin 1.5 lita na madara. Nau'in ya dace da zafi da sanyi. Yana da tsawon rai.

  9. Jamusanci ƙyalƙyali. Manyan (mata har zuwa 70 cm a madararru, maza har zuwa 90 cm), wani samari mai ban sha'awa. Yana bada kimanin lita 1100 na madara 4% mai yawan abun ciki a kowace shekara. Dabba da kwanciyar hankali, daidaitacce.

  10. Lamancha. Kyakkyawan nau'in, goat mass kai 65 kg, goat - don centner. Yawanci, ba da haihuwa har zuwa yara 4 a lambing. High madara yawan amfanin ƙasa bada 8 lita na madara da rana. Rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 15, yayin rike yawan aiki. Ba tare da kulawa ba.

Waɗanne nau'o'in madara da ba a ciki ba?

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci game da ingancin madara shine bayyanuwa ko rashin wari.

Dabbobin da madara ba su da dandano mai laushi:

  • zaanenskaya;
  • toggenburg;
  • Nubian;
  • Yaren Rasha;
  • babban tsauni mai tsayi mai tsayi;
  • Kamaru dwarf;
  • marl
Shin kuna sani? Gudun - masu binciken bishiyoyi. Na gode wa wadannan dabbobi, mutane sun gabatar da wannan abincin mai shayarwa a cikin abincin su.

Hanyoyin waje

Kafin ka sayi dabba, dole ne ka bincika shi a hankali. Babbar abu da za a mayar da hankalin idan aka saya goat mai kiwo ne yanayin mai nono: dole ne ya zama na roba, mai haske, tare da suturar fata na fata da kuma nunawa madara madara.

Kada ka manta da bayyanar dabba. Yaushi ya kamata ya haskaka, kashin baya ya zama karfi, kafafu - madaidaiciya, da ɗan kwance a nisa. Yana da daraja a kula da jihar na hooves. Idan za ta yiwu, ka yi nazari akan layi.

Sauran alamun alade da kiwo:

  1. Kuriyar tana da faɗi, a tsaye, a layi daya zuwa kasa.
  2. Kwajin yana da zurfi.
  3. A ciki ne mai zagaye.
  4. Hatsun kafafu na Hind saboda mahadin ya fi fadi.
  5. Udder elastic, elongated ko siffar siffar siffar. Kada ku rataye.
  6. Bayan da aka hayar da goat, wanda ya rage ya rage kuma ya canza siffar, sai ya fito. Idan wannan bai faru ba, to, an dauke maida mai ƙoda kuma za a sami madara kadan.
  7. Dole ne ya kamata ya karkata zuwa ga tarnaƙi, kada magoya ya rataye (lokacin da tafiya bai kamata ya rataye ba);
  8. Dogayen daji a kan nono ya kamata a rubutun su, su kasance masu farin ciki, da kuma lokacin da suka fi girma, mafi girma da yawan amfanin madara.

Lokacin sayen awaki ka kamata ka san yadda zaka iya sanin shekarunta. Wani dabba mai girma yana da hakora 32, adadin daidai a cikin babba da ƙananan jaws. Lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas, 8 hakora sun ɓace a bunsuru, a shekara ɗaya - shekara ɗaya na hako mai madara. Da shekaru biyar, hakoran awaki suna da nisa, suna samin siffar da aka tsara.

Masana a fagen kudan zuma suna cewa duk abin da ya faru game da shekarun dabba zai "gaya" jihar da adadin hakora, kuma kasancewa ko rashi daga gemu, ƙaho, bayyanar hooves, bazai kamata a la'akari dasu ba akan ƙayyade shekarun.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin yin fatalwa ya kamata ka aske da gashin gashi daga bishiyoyi. Na farko, zasu iya tara microbes, kuma abu na biyu, a lokacin milking, zaka iya cutar da dabba, janye gashi.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Don samun madara mai tsabta, yana da muhimmanci don yin tunani da hankali da kuma yadda ake kula da tsarin kula da gida da ka'idojin kula da goat.

Ciyar da abinci

A kan yadda aka tsara abinci na dabbobi daidai, la'akari da lokacin shekara, ya dogara da lafiyarsu da aikin su.

A lokacin rani

Summer shine lokaci mai kyau don ciyar da awaki. Babban abincin yana kunshe da ciyayi marasa kyau, waɗanda dabbobi ke karɓar su a kan kiwo. Gurasa na iya cin abinci a kan leash, amma don ƙwayoyin dabbobi masu narkewa suna bukatar motsi. A game da wannan, abun ciki na gidaje masu lalata da ƙwayar kiwo ya zama babban fifiko.

An tsara wannan nauyin a cikin wadannan siffofin: 2/3 na girman yawan abinci kullum na abinci ya kamata abinci mai daɗi, 1/3 na abincin - gishiri da abinci mai mahimmanci.

A cikin hunturu

A lokacin hunturu, ciyar da hours yana da muhimmanci. Da safe, cin abinci ya ƙunshi kayan lambu, hay, kashi na abinci. Brooms, hay, kayan lambu ya kamata a gabatar a cikin yau da kullum abinci a cikin abinci, da kuma a cikin yamma hours - m raw abinci (kayan lambu, silage, fi), mixed abinci, hay.

Yanayi don abun ciki

Gaba, la'akari da yanayin da kuke bukata don ƙirƙirar awaki.

Karanta yadda za a hada da yadda ake ciyar da awaki awaki.

Bukatun ga dakin

Ya kamata ya kasance mai faɗi, tare da iska mai kyau, hasken hasken, yawan zazzabi a cikin hunturu ba zai fada a kasa + 4 ° C, kuma a lokacin rani - + 18 ° C.

Dole ne kasan ya zama bushe, don haka saka ƙasa da bambaro ko sa wani launi na peat. Ana canza litter a kai a kai. Tun da awaki kawai suna barci a kan kwanciya, wajibi ne a samar da shanu tare da shimfidawa wanda ya fi girma fiye da matakin kasa, kamar yadda awaki ke barci a kan tuddai.

Domin dabba ba zai fuskanci damuwa ba saboda kullun, akwai 4 m² na sarari kyauta ta kowane mutum.

Dakin ya kamata a sanye shi da dadi, mai sauƙin abinci mai yawa don adadin awaki da ya ƙunshi.

Kowace rana dabba mai girma yana buƙatar sha a kalla lita 5 na ruwa, saboda haka dakunan da aka ajiye dabbobi suna sanye da masu sha, wanda ake tsaftace tsabta daga tsabta.

Girman siffofi

Don ƙananan sa, madara mai albarka, awaki suna buƙata ci ciyawa mai cinyewa da cinye ruwa sosai a lokacin rani. Sabili da haka, mafi yawan wurare masu kiwo a lokacin rani - makiyaya ko gandun daji. Gudun fi son filayen furanni, bishiyoyi, elderberry, ciyawa. Godiya ga wannan abincin, jiki yana samun wadataccen sinadarin bitamin, micro da macro.

Yana da muhimmanci! Tare da innaccen kiwo, yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar da cewa dabbobi ba su sha ruwa daga tafki da ruwa mai rikitarwa (kandami, rami mai yalwa). Akwai babban haɗari na kamuwa da cuta tare da cututtukan parasitic da suke da wuya a warkewa kuma zasu iya haifar da mutuwa.

Sau nawa zuwa ruwa?

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, awaki suna buƙatar isasshen ruwa, don haka kulawa ya kamata a tabbatar da cewa abincin kifin yana iya samun ruwan sha mai tsabta, kuma a lokacin hunturu ruwa na masu shayawa ya kasance a dakin da zafin jiki, domin lokacin da jiki ya ragu, dabbobi suna dusar ƙanƙara ko narke ruwa, wanda ke haifar da rashin cin zarafin jiki. Kuma wannan, ta biyun, na iya haifar da cututtuka na daban-daban.

Mutane nawa ne?

Rayuwar rai na awaki ya dogara ne akan irin nauyin, irin yanayin tsare, abinci, yanayin yanayi mai dorewa. Don ƙwayoyin kiwo, an saita wannan lokacin a shekaru 8-10. Tare da kulawa da abinci mai kyau, dabbobi suna ba da madara da kuma haifi 'ya'ya a lokacin shekaru 12-15.

Yaya za a madara?

Bayan lambing, goat ya fara farawa don ya samar da madara don abubuwan da ake bukata don gina jiki.

Dole ne ku bi dokoki:

  • samar da mai daɗi a yanayi mai dadi, shigar da abinci tare da abincin da abin sha a gaban goat, don haka dabba bai bayyana rashin jin tsoro;
  • kafin milking, datsa ulu a kan nono;
  • wanke nono da ruwan dumi, bushe tare da tawul;
  • don mafi girma "komawa" madara, tausa takarda na 'yan mintoci kaɗan;
  • ƙananan raguna na madara madara, kamar yadda zasu iya dauke da kwayoyin halitta masu cuta;
  • domin ya hana ci gaban mastitis, ya kamata a baiwa goat gaba ɗaya, kauce wa madarar daji;
  • Ba za ku iya cirewa a kan ƙuƙwalwa ba, ku danne mai nono - waɗannan ayyuka zasu iya rage yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma zai haifar da sakamakon da ba'a so a cikin lafiyar dabba.

Shin kuna sani? An tabbatar da cewa goat madara yana kawar da radionuclides daga jiki.

Hanyar girma yara

Bayan ragowa ya faru a cikin kudancin kifi, yaron ya rabu da mahaifiyarsa kuma yayi girma dabam. Banda shine ƙananan aiki na dabba.

  1. 2 hours bayan haihuwa, da yara suna shayar tare da freshly warmed, filtered colostrum. Yana ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi, da kafa tsarin lafiya mai kyau na shekaru masu zuwa.
  2. A farkon watanni na yara yara suna ciyar da kowane 5 hours. A lokacin rani, an fara cin abinci na farko - a karfe 5, na karshe - a karfe 20. A cikin watannin hunturu, daidai da su, a karfe 6 na safe da karfe 9 na yamma
  3. Daga shekara da rabi na wata, an gabatar da yara zuwa cikin abincin da aka shirya a shirye-shiryen, da ciyayi oatmeal, tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ganyayyaki, da hay. Yana da muhimmanci a gabatar da gishiri mai cin abinci - har zuwa 6 g kowace rana.
  4. A cikin shekara daya ana fitar da matasa akan makiyaya. A yanayin hunturu, ba a yanayin zafi mai zafi ba, yara suna "tafiya" a cikin iska har zuwa sa'o'i 5.
  5. Yayinda yara suka kai shekaru 8-9, kimanin 1 kg na kayan abinci mai mahimmanci, 300 g na abinci da kimanin kilogram daya da rabi na hay ya kamata su kasance a yau da kullum.

Tips don farawa

Shawara ga sabon shiga goat shayarwa:

  1. Yawancin awaki za su fara da sayan ba dabbobi marasa girma ba, amma yara. Wani dabba mai girma yana da alaƙa da mahaɗinta da masu mallaka, sabili da haka, sau ɗaya a wani wuri dabam, zai iya fara so, kuma hakan zai shafi rinjayar da lafiyar gaba ɗaya.
  2. Gudun su ne dabbobi masu ƙauna, saboda haka, idan babu garken, dole ne a ciyar da dabbobi a kalla sau biyu a rana. Wannan zai haifar da sakamako mai kyau a kan samar da madara.
  3. Abinci na dabbobi ya kamata a bambanta, musamman ma a cikin hunturu. Ciyar ya kamata kunshi rassan, hay, da kuma amfanin gona.
  4. Kula da awaki a tsabta, mai tsanani da haske.
  5. A cikin kulawa, kuma musamman a lokacin da aka sace awaki, dole ne ka yi haƙuri da ƙauna. Wadannan abubuwa suna jin dadi akan dabba, kuma yawan madara ya karu.

Gano ma abin da za a yi idan goat ya dakatar da bada madara.

Tare da zabi mai kyau na dabba, la'akari da bayanan jiki na mutum da kakanninsa, bayan kulawa da kulawa da kyau, za'a kasance a kan teburin ba kawai da madara mai madara a cikin abun da ke ciki ba, har ma cheeses, cuku cakuda, madara mai shayar da madara. Kuma waɗannan samfurori ba su da makawa a cikin yara da abinci mai gina jiki.