Kasancewa a cikin yanayin kowane madara mai noma mafi girma shine ɗaya daga cikin muhimman sharuɗɗan da zasu shafi amfani da kayan aiki. Ana buƙatar bukatun don sayen wannan samfurin ta ka'idoji na jihar kuma dole ne dukkanin gonaki su bi da su. Daga wannan an bayyane yake cewa ko da kananan gonaki dole ne a bin dukkan ka'idoji don sarrafawa na farko na madara.
Aiki na farko na madara
Shirin na farko yana kunshe da tsarkakewa daga ƙazantattun abubuwa, sanyaya ga yawan zafin jiki da ake buƙata, ajiya da sufuri zuwa madara mai sarrafa man madara. Yi la'akari da waɗannan batutuwa a cikin dalla-dalla.
Shin kuna sani? Ko da dai, 'yan asalin yankin Siberia na Gabas, sun yi amfani da madarar madarar magunguna don abinci da kuma manufofin bukukuwan.
Ana wanke
Ko da tare da kiyaye mafi tsayayyar ka'idojin tsabta da tsabta, ƙwayoyin injuna na iya kasancewa a cikin madarar madara, sabili da haka tsaftacewa dole ne a yi shi ba tare da kasa ba. Ana iya yin shi ta hanyar yin amfani da filtration ko aikin centrifugal.
A kan karamin gonaki, an sha ruwan ta hanyar hannu, ta hanyar fassarar daga cikin akwati a cikin akwati ta hanyoyi da dama na yadun gauze, wanda aka gyara a tsakanin kayan katako wanda aka yi da kayan abinci maras nauyi. 
Don tsaftaceccen inganci na 1 ton na madara kana buƙatar amfani da mita 1.3 na gauze. Zaka iya tsaftace gashin da sauran magunguna a cikin na'urar wanka. Rayuwar sabis na wannan tace ba ta wuce kwanaki 10 ba.
Hanyar tsaftacewa a kan manyan gonaki shi ne amfani da samfurori na musamman, alal misali, F-01M, wanda ke amfani da kashi don tsaftace amfani na dadewa. Tsarin tsaftacewa guda biyu:
- bakin karfe raga;
- granules na ma'adini yashi.
Gano abin da ke da amfani da madara maras kyau.
Ana yin tsaftace kayan kayan ƙwaƙwalwa ta hanyar sake juyawa ruwa ta amfani da masu amfani.
Hanyar hanyar centrifugal ta dogara ne akan yin amfani da madarar madara, wanda rabuwa madara da kuma tsabta na injiniya da suka kasance a kan ganuwar drum na faruwa. Duk da tsada, wannan hanya ta fi tasiri.
Cooling
A lokacin sarrafawa, babban wuri yana shagaltar da sanyaya, wanda ya ba ka damar kula da nau'in kwayoyin madara. Duk da haka, ana amfani da wannan takunkumin da wuri-wuri bayan milking, matsakaicin lokacin tsaka tsakanin waɗannan matakai ba zai wuce 72 hours ba. 
Mafi sau da yawa, an shayar da shayar mai daɗi zuwa zafin jiki na +3 ° C. A wannan yanayin, ci gaba da ƙwayoyin microorganisms an dakatar da shi, wanda ya ba da dama don adana yawancin samfurin na tsawon lokaci.
A kan manyan gonaki, ana amfani da tankuna na kwantar da hankali, wanda zai iya riƙe har zuwa 2 ton na abin sha madara. Su ne raka'a firiji mai kwakwalwa, wanda aka tanadar da shi sosai kuma yana da kayan aiki don ci gaba da haɗuwa da nau'in injin.
Ƙananan gonaki suna amfani da tafki na ciwon daji na karuwanci tare da damar daga lita 100 zuwa 1 ton. Suna da rufi uku da garu tare da jaket na ruwa da kuma motsa jiki. Cooling yana faruwa a cikin sa'o'i 2 zuwa matakin da ake so - 2 ° C.
Hanyar da ta fi sauƙi ta sanyaya shi ne a nutsar da kwantena abin sha a cikin tankuna wanda akwai ruwan kankara.
Familiarize kanka tare da iri da halaye na madara masu shayarwa.
Storage
Ajiye shi ne muhimmin tsari a cikin aikin sarrafawa na madara. A cikin manyan gonaki, ana amfani da tankuna, wacce suna cikin tsarin sanyaya kuma an rufe su, ba a cikin kwantena ba. 
Zai yiwu a adana madara a cikin wani karamin adadin a cikin tafkin inda aka kwantar da hankali. Yana da muhimmanci a buɗe murfin, don haka, don hana magunguna daga shigar da abin sha, amfani da gashin.
Shin kuna sani? Ga ƙasashen gabas, madarar raƙumi shine samfurin da aka saba. An yi amfani da su don yin cheeses, ice cream, da kuma UAE da aka haɗa su a cikin menu na kindergartens da makarantu.
Hanyar sarrafa hanyoyin sarrafa man fetur
A yau, ana aiwatar da aikin madara a cikin hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Na'ura;
- thermal.
Kayan aiki
Yin amfani da injuna shine wani ɓangare na ƙwayar fasahar fasahar sarrafa madara. Ya ƙunshi aikin motsa jiki a kan abincin madara domin ya raba shi zuwa raunuka, haɓaka daidaituwa da haɗin gwargwadon lokaci, sa'annan kuma yayi tattali don samun rabo guda ɗaya na nau'i mai yawa na kayan mai da bushe. 
Rabawar Milk
Tsarin rabuwa shine rabuwa madara a cikin mai rarraba rotator a cikin kayan mai mai girma da ƙananan. An kaddamar da globules mai tsada a tsakiyar, inda aka ajiye su a kan waje kuma an tattara su a cikin nau'i mai tsami, kuma an rage kayan abincin mai maras nauyi.
Familiarize kanka tare da iri da kuma ka'idojin aiki na madara separators.Amfani da tsari ya dogara da:
- lalata yanayin zafi;
- Drum speed;
- aikin gudanarwa;
- acidity na ruwa;
- gurbatawa;
- girman da yawancin ɗakunan man fetur;
- Alamar takarda;
- yanki mai yawa na mai;
- yawa da kuma danko.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don inganta tsarin rabuwa da sau 2, ana bada shawara don ƙona madara zuwa kimanin 45 ° C. Kyakkyawan zazzabi zai kara yawan digiri na gwargwadon man fetur kuma, sakamakon haka, yawan amfanin mai zai karu.
A lokacin rabuwa na al'ada, zaku iya samun kirim mai cike da kashi 55%.
Yadda za a raba madara a gida: bidiyo
Homogenization
Homogenization shine aiwatar da lalacewa mai ƙazantaccen man fetur tare da diamita na fiye da 140 nm kuma wasu sassan sunadarai. Manufar wannan hanyar maganin ita ce ta hana yaduwar ƙarancin abu maras kyau da kuma kiyaye nau'in samfurin ba tare da wani bayani ba.
An yi aikin homogenization daidai:
- qara yawan rayuwar kayayyakin kiwo;
- yana tsara tsarin halayen da na injiniya;
- inganta dandano samfurin.
Gano abin da abun ciki na madara maraya.High matsa lamba valgen homogenizers suna Popular, wanda haifar da iyakar sakamako. Ayyukan homogenization ya dogara ne akan waɗannan dalilai:
- yanayin zafi;
- halaye da abun da ke ciki na sha;
- matsa lamba.
- mataki daya;
- mataki biyu.
M madara mai sauƙi ne na samfurin kiwo wanda ba a hade shi ba;
Domin kada a rage tasiri na wannan hanyar, kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa acidity a cikin abincin ba ya karuwa, saboda a cikin wannan jiha akwai raguwa a cikin zaman lafiyar gina jiki da kuma samar da furotin furotin kuma, sakamakon haka, wahalar da kullun gabobin mai.
Ƙarar zafi (thermal)
Yau a cikin samar da kayayyakin kiwo na amfani da wadannan nau'in magani mai zafi:
- pasteurization;
- Hanyar haɗi;
- dumama;
- sterilization.
Gano ma'anar abun ciki da ƙananan abincin madara.
Pasteurization
Dalilin pasteurization - kiyaye madara don lokaci mai tsawo a wani zafin jiki, na biyu ne:
- Ƙananan zafin jiki, lokacin da matakin zafi ba ya wuce 76 ° C;
- High-zazzabi, lokacin da yawan zazzabi zai iya isa matakin 100 ° C.
Yadda za a rage man madara a gida: bidiyo
Yana da muhimmanci! A sakamakon rashin pasteurization, ba za a adana madara ba don dogon lokaci. A cikin firiji, rayuwar rayuwarsa ta kasance kamar kwanaki, kuma a dakin da zafin jiki - kawai 'yan sa'o'i.
Tuntancewa
Mahimmin ƙaddamarwa shi ne tsari tare da magani da ake yi a zafin jiki na 65 ° C. Zaurarwar tasirin ita ce 30 seconds. Wannan lokacin ya isa, amma aikin alkaline phosphatase ya kasance a cikin abin sha. Irin waɗannan ayyuka ana aiwatar da su saboda mutuwar microflora na psychrotrophic, wanda zai iya haifar da mummunar tasiri wajen samar da cheeses.
Har ila yau, wannan tsari yana taimakawa wajen raunana microflora, wanda shine "aikin" wanda ke haifar da bayyanar lahani a cikin cuku a lokacin da yake matuƙarta. Duk da haka, gyaran fuska ba ta kawar da microflora mai cutarwa ba, don haka madara mai sha yana buƙatar pasteurisation cikin yanayin mafi kyau.
Jiɗawa
Cunkuda shine tsari na rike da madara, wadda aka yi a zafin jiki har zuwa 100 ° C na tsawon sa'o'i 3, kuma a zafin jiki na 105 ° C na mintina 15.
A cikin wannan yanayin, waɗannan canje-canje na faruwa a tsarin samfur:
- sunadarai sunadaran sunadaran;
- bitamin sun lalace;
- qara yawan sashi na mai;
- dafaccen ɓangaren ruwa.
Nemi dalilin da ya sa madara daga saniya ya zama abin haushi.A sakamakon haka, ilimin halitta na madara madara yana raguwa, amma yana samin dandano mai dandano da ƙanshi, kazalika da cream ko haske mai haske.
Milk dafa a gida: bidiyo
Sterilization
Ana gudanar da gyare-gyare a zafin jiki na fiye da 100 ° C - madara yana cikin yanayin wannan kimanin rabin sa'a. Bayan da abincin ya zama cikakke bakararre, ya yi hasara mafi yawan kayan abinci, amma ya sami rayuwa mai kyau.
Tsarin bidiyon ya hada da tsare-tsaren biyu:
- Matsayi guda ɗaya. A cikin wannan hanya, ana yin maganin zafi a lokacin 1. Ana biyan ruwa tare da tururi tare da zafin jiki na 140 ° C. Hanyoyin da ke ciki yana da 'yan gajeren lokaci, sa'annan an sha abin sha zuwa ɗakin ɗakin, daga inda aka sanya shi a cikin kwalaye na asali.
- Mataki biyu. Yana samar da zurfin rashin lafiya. An rarraba zuwa na farko da kuma maimaita haifuwa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tsarin jimawa yana haifar da lalata kusan dukkanin bitamin da ke cikin sabo mai kayan kiwo. Fats suna da ruwa sosai, suna ba da abin sha mai dadi da ƙanshi.
Sterilization yana lalata dukkan kwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin, bayan an iya adana madara mai sarrafawa kimanin watanni 6. 
Milk kayan aiki
Noma kayan aiki na samar da samfurori waɗanda ke dauke da hadaddun abubuwa masu aiki da kwayoyin halitta tare da ƙananan makamashi da ƙananan abun ciki na mai da sukari.
Koyi yadda za a ƙayyade ruwan da madara.
Buttermilk
Buttermilk ne mai-mai-mai-mai-tsami, wanda shine samfurin da aka samar a man shanu.
Kayan amfanin wannan samfurin yana dogara da:
- mai da kuma acidity cream;
- yanayin yanayin zafi.
Buttermilk inganta ayyukan kare jiki, yana taimakawa hanta don kawar da guba. Bugu da ƙari, yana normalizes aikin na hanji, ciki, yana da tasiri mai amfani a kan zuciya, hakora har ma kasusuwa. 
Magani
Ana samun alkama ta hanyar samar da cuku, cukuran cuku, casein da furotin madara. Hakan ya kai kashi 80 cikin dari na asalin samfurin asali.
Wannan magani yana dauke da dukkanin bitamin, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don amfani da kai don samar da samfurori daban-daban:
- whey kvass;
- acidophilus yisti abin sha;
- a cikin burodi;
- don samar da kayan abinci.
Shin kuna sani? A baya, domin a adana madara a cikin asalinta na dogon lokaci, an sanya toad din a cikinta.
Abin da ke ciki shine mai arziki a cikin bitamin, sinadarai, da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci na phosphorus da magnesium. Bugu da ƙari, fiye da nau'i 200 na abubuwa masu ilimin halitta sun kasance a cikin kwayar cutar, wadda ke da tasiri ga ayyukan dukkan tsarin da jikin jikin mutum. 
Kefir
Kefir abu ne na madara mai shayarwa. Shirya kefir ta madarar mikiya ko fungi. Sourdough wata alama ce ta babban adadin microorganisms, kwayoyin lactic acid, kwayoyin acetic acid da yisti.
An shirya star Starter kamar haka:
- fungi wanke da ruwa mai dumi;
- sanya a cikin gilashi gilashi;
- zuba Boiled sannan kuma sanyaya zuwa 20 ° C madara mai sha. Yanayin ya zama kamar haka: 1 g of fungi - 80 g na madara.
- bayan an cire shi ta hanyar sieve;
- An wanke naman kaza kuma an sake zuba nauyin madara mai sha;
- bayan kwana daya a cikin firiji, ruwan abin da ya faru ya zama yisti don kirim mai tsami.
Binciki dalilin da yasa shanu ya fitar da wariyar launin fata.Kefir an shirya kamar haka:
- An goge ruwan naman alade zuwa 25 ° C.
- Zuba a cikin tsabta mai tsabta.
- Yi yisti a adadin 3 teaspoons da 250 ml na madara.
- Bayan fitowar jini, ana shayar da sha zuwa 10 ° C.
- Leave for 3 days.
- Ji dadin samfurin halitta.
Koumiss
Kumis shi ne tsohon kayan noma. A baya, an samar da shi daga madarar mares kuma an kira shi abin sha ga mayaƙa, a yau an samu nasara daga madara madara madara. Koumiss wani ruwa mai laushi ne da dandano mai dadi.
Hanyar dafa abinci na yau da kullum ya kasu kashi biyu, don haka samfurin ba ya da sauri kuma yana da siffar da ya fi kyau:
- Na farko, an yi amfani da fermentation na lactic acid, wanda ya haifar da yogurt.
- Bayan daɗaɗar yisti, ana samu kumiss ta hanyar maye gurbin.
Koyi albarkatun madara da tafarnuwa, madara da kirfa.
Zaka iya duba dabi'a na abin sha tare da taimakon magunguna, bayan haka ya samo daidaitattun daidaituwa. Kamar yadda ilimin binciken ya nuna, a cikin tsari na maturation, samuwar ƙananan enzymes, waɗanda aka bayyana ta hanyar manyan kwayoyinidal properties, na faruwa.
Bidiyo: yadda za a dafa kawuna a gida Ana amfani da Koumiss don magance matsaloli tare da huhu, zuciya, ciki, da beriberi, cututtuka na rayuwa, neuroses ko ma neurasthenia.
Kamar yadda kake gani, aikin kasuwancin kiwo shine tsari mai matukar damuwa, amma idan ka bi duk yadda ake aiki, ba za ka sami riba mai kyau ba, amma har madara, kazalika da samfurori na sakandare na aiki mai kyau.
