Ta yaya, yaushe kuma yadda ake bi da inabi daga cututtuka da kwari

'Ya'yan inabi, sai suka bazu ko'ina cikin duniya kamar ba al'adun duniya. Akwai nau'ikan sama da 10,000 na wannan shuka mai ban sha'awa tare da m berries, yawancin ana amfani da su don yin giya da cognacs. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da inabi a dafa abinci, magani, kayan kwalliya. Sau da yawa mutum da kansa ya zama sanadin mutuwar gonakin inabi, amma al'ada koyaushe tana da sauran abokan gaba - cututtuka da kwari.

Me yasa kuke buƙatar sarrafa inabi

Kwayar cuta, fungi da kwari suna iya lalata ɗanɗano na berries, rage, kuma wani lokacin su lalata duk amfanin gona da aka dade ana jira har ma da shuka baki ɗaya. Yin rigakafin cutar a koyaushe yana da sauƙi fiye da yaƙar ta. Don magance cututtuka na inabõbi da kwari masu cutarwa, wajibi ne don gudanar da rigakafin cutar itacen inabi. Da kyau, kuma, hakika, lokacin da aka gano takamaiman matsala, a hanzarta ɗaukar matakan kawar da shi.

Mafi cutarwa cututtuka na inabõbi ne mildew, ko mildew, da oidium, ko na ainihi powdery mildew. Wannan "ma'aurata masu ƙura" na cututtukan fungal suna shafar ganye, harbe, inflorescences da berries, suna da haɗari musamman ga nau'in innabi mafi kyau na Turai.

Hoto na hoto: yadda tsire-tsire ke shafi mildew da oidium kama

Cutar fitsari suma kamar su anthracnose, ire-iren ire-ire iri iri, tabar fata, fusarium da sauran su. Tare da taimakon iska, spores ya bazu akan nesa mai nisa, ya faɗi akan tsire-tsire, tsiro kuma ya ba da sabon spores. Dakatar da farkon kamuwa da cuta abu ne mai wahala.

Yawancin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta suna cikin kulawa mara kyau kuma suna iya haifar da mutuwar daji. Mafi na kowa daga cikin sune cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, necrosis, da kuma cancer.

Wasu cututtukan suna lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da ke rayuwa akan ganye da kuma kututture. Mafi haɗari daga cikin waɗannan sune aphids, phylloxera, ganye na kwari da kuma ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo. Gizo-gizo gizo-gizo mifin bayyana kansa kamar yadda ja-ja bukukuwa a kan veins a kan ganyen ganye; yana hana ci gaban matasa harbe sosai.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa rigakafin tsirrai ke zuwa da farko.

Yawancin nau'in innabi sun mutu gaba daya daga phylloxera (kwaro wanda aka gabatar daga Arewacin Amurka) a tsakiyar karni na 19th. Don haka, alal misali, nau'ikan da aka yi sanannen "Madera" sun ɓace. Yanzu wannan giya an yi shi ne daga wasu nau'ikan.

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Yaushe kuma da yadda ake fesa inabi

Aikin inabi domin dalilai na rigakafi ana yin su ne akai-akai daga lokacin da aka bude inabi a cikin bazara kuma ya ƙare da lokacin shiri don hunturu. Spraying ba a za'ayi a cikin ruwa weather, kazalika da a rana mai haske rana, shi wajibi ne don bi da shawarar taro na mafita, da kyau, dole ne a yi magani kan lokaci. Lokacin amfani da kemikal, ya kamata a lura da kiyaye matakan tsaro kuma dole ne a zubar da kayan samfurin daidai da umarnin.

Tsabtat Inabi

Ana yin aikin innabi na farko a cikin bazara, lokacin da zazzabi ya tashi sama da 4-6^{game da}C, nan da nan bayan buɗewar kurangar inabin, sai gaban ayoyin suka fara yin fure. A baya, an cire rassan bushe da marasa lafiya daga tsire-tsire, ana cire ganyen bara a kusa. Lokaci guda tare da itacen inabi, ana kuma shuka ciyawar da ke kewaye da rhizome; ana amfani da maganin kashi-kashi mai rauni na kashi na sulfate na ƙarfe don wannan (maganin maganin kashi uku shine mafi yarda). Baya ga kariya daga cututtuka da kwari, baƙin ƙarfe sulfate yana jinkirta buɗewar buds, wanda zai taimaka kare tsirrai daga daskararren bazara, yaƙin lichens da mosses kuma kyakkyawan tsari ne mai kyau na foliar.

Bidiyo: farkon sarrafa innabi a bazara bayan buɗewa

Mutane da yawa suna aiki innabi tare da vitriol kawai a cikin kaka, kuma a cikin bazara suna aiwatar da tsire-tsire tare da bayani na kashi uku na tagulla sulfate. Da farko dai, ya wajaba don fesa bushes wanda bashi da lafiya a bara.
Ana gudanar da wannan magani mai zuwa tare da fungicides (daga lat. Fungus "naman kaza" + lat. Caedo "kashe" - abubuwa masu guba ko abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don magance cututtukan fungal) nan da nan bayan buɗe idanun, lokacin da akwai ganyen 3-4 kawai akan harbe. Kuna iya ƙara magani na karbofos daga kwari masu tashi ().

Masanin kimiyyar Faransa Pierre-Marie Alexis Millardde ya kirkiri ruwa Bordeaux musamman don yakar cututtukan fungal na inab. Yau, ana amfani dashi azaman kashe-kashe na duniya don wasu albarkatu.

Agronomu.com

Idan ya cancanta, ana maimaita aiki bayan kwana 10.

Ana yin maganin bazara na ƙarshe 1-2 makonni kafin fure. Babu dalilin da za a iya fitar da spraying a cikin lokacin furanni, ƙanshin ƙanshi zai tsoratar da kwari kuma itacen inabi zai kasance ba tare da pollinators ba.

Gudun innabi a lokacin rani

Tunda inabi na iya kamuwa da cututtukan a duk tsawon lokacin, yana da kyau a aiwatar da jiyya ga cututtukan fungal a lokacin bazara a lokacin girbin. A wannan lokacin, za a iya kula da itacen inabi tare da kwayoyi masu ɗauke da ƙwayoyin sulfur. Sulfur yana da tasiri kawai a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 18 Celsius kuma shi ne shirye-shirye tare da sulfur wanda ke taimakawa wajen yaƙar ƙwayar ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta mafi ƙarfi.

Kusan lokacin da za'a dauko berries, karancin da kake so kayi amfani da poisons a cikin gwagwarmayar amfanin gona. A wannan lokacin, tare da tazara na makonni 1-2, Nakan fesa tsire-tsire a koyaushe tare da mafita na potassiumgangan (5 g da lita 10 na ruwa). Ina amfani da maganin soda (2 tablespoons tare da saman a cikin lita 10 na ruwa) tare da ƙari na 50 g na sabulu mai ruwa da 5-10 saukad da aidin. Wannan abun da ke ciki tabbas yana inganta ɗanɗano na berries, yana taimaka wajan ciyayi.

Dogara ya kasance a cikin jerin hanyoyin abokantaka na muhalli don yakar cututtukan al'adu daban-daban, Fitosporin-M na duniya. Ina amfani da shi sau uku a kakar don spraying inabi da cututtuka da kuma ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Sauqi ka yi amfani da liƙa. Bayan na tattara hankali sau daya, Ina amfani da shi duk tsawon lokaci ba tare da bata lokaci ba.

Hakanan an lura cewa mildew powdery ya inganta da sauri idan ba a shayar da inabi akan kwanakin zafi ba, kodayake yanayin zafi yana ɗayan yanayi don haɓakar cututtukan fungal. A bayyane yake, raunana tsire-tsire daga rashin danshi a cikin ƙasa ya ba da gudummawar ci gaban cutar.

Bidiyo: sarrafa inabi daga cututtuka a lokacin fruiting daga oidium, mildew, anthracnose

Tsarin innabi a cikin kaka

A cikin kaka, bayan girbi m ɓangarorin sun berries, bayan ganye fall da pruning na itacen inabi, wanda ya isa ci gaba zuwa lura na karshe na shuke-shuke daga cututtuka da kwari. Wannan magani zai shirya tsirrai don hunturu kuma zai ba da damar kurangar ku kasance da ƙarfi da lafiya shekara mai zuwa. Ana yin wannan magani ta amfani da baƙin ƙarfe da kuma baƙin ƙarfe sulfate (3-5%).

Bidiyo: magani na ƙarshe kafin tsari don hunturu

Don kawar da fungi da mold a cikin kaka, Na watsar da kututtura da rassan kurangar. Na tsamo 1 kilogiram na quicklime a cikin karamin adadin ruwa kuma kawo mafita zuwa lita 10.

Yadda za a kula da itacen inabi daga cututtuka

A cikin yaƙar cututtuka da kwari na inabõbi, tare da baƙin ƙarfe da aka daɗe ana amfani da su tare da sulfate na ruwa da ruwa na Bordeaux, sababbin sababbin fungicides sun bayyana. Don amfanin da yakamata, ya kamata ku san cewa ƙwayoyin fungicides sune:

• aikin tuntuɓi;
• aikin tsari;
• a hade

Abubuwan da ake kira fungicides ba masu jaraba bane, amma tasirin su ya dogara da zurfin aikace-aikacen, suna aiki akan farjin kuma suna dogaro da yanayin yanayi da lokacin aikace-aikace, ruwan sama na farko zai share su, kuma raɓa zai rage tasirin. Ana iya kwatanta su da kwayoyi don amfani na waje.
Ana iya maimaita jiyya tare da irin wannan fungicides akai-akai. Ya kamata a yi amfani dasu don rigakafin ko a farkon cutar. Abun da ake kira fungicides sun hada da Omal, Rowright da Bordeaux.
Tsarin fungicides na tsari kamar na ciki ne akan tsirrai baki daya, sakamakon amfaninsu nan da nan za'a iya gani, kuma ruwan sama bazai share su ba. Rashin halayen su shine jaraba, dole ne a canza su akai-akai, galibi ana amfani dasu bayan fure.
Abubuwan sunadarai masu haɗuwa suna haɗuwa da halayen tsari da shirye-shiryen tuntuɓar mahaɗi, sun haɗa da Shavit, Ridomil Gold, Cabrio Top. Suna da tasiri a cikin magance mildew, oidium, kowane nau'in rot, launin baƙi.

Tebur: Tsarin kashe fun

Inabi Alade

Babban kwari da suka bayyana a kan inabi sune aphids (phylloxera) da kuma ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo.
Don magance aphids, waɗannan samfuran sunadarai sun ɓullo:

• fastak, lamba-na ciki mataki a kan cutar;
• Fozalon, ana nuna shi da babban aiki;
• Actellik, mai aiki har zuwa 2 hours, yana hana sake bayyanawa na aphids;
• kinmix, mai hallakarwa ga manya da larba

Don magance ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo, fosalon, benzophosphate, permethrin ana amfani da su.
Duk wani kwari, gami da gizo-gizo gizo, zai mutu bayan an fesa shi da maganin maganin ƙwayar sulfur (75%).

Ina ƙoƙarin kada ku yi amfani da magunguna kuma kuyi amfani da wasu hanyoyin. Da aphids Na yi amfani da jiko na dankalin turawa, ko fi na tumatir. Ana ɗaukar kilogiram 1.5 na yanɗɗaɗa a kowace lita 10 na ruwa kuma an saka shi tsawon awanni 3-4. Fesa tare da itacen ash shima yana taimakawa (1 gilashin ash a cikin lita 5 na ruwa, an ba shi tsawon awa 12). Maganin sabulu (tsawan kwalba 100 a guga na ruwa) shima yana da tasiri. Kuma daga kaska na shirya jiko na albasa kwasfa kamar haka: gilashi (ƙarar ya dogara da adadin jiko) ana cika shi da rabin albas ɗin husk, ana zuba mai zafi (60-70)^{game da}C) tare da ruwa, nace 1-2 kwana. Bayan ɓacewa, na tsarma tare da ruwa sau biyu kuma amfani da shi nan da nan.

Nazarin masu bugun giya

Ba na aiki tare da Fundazole kwata-kwata, kuma Ina ɗaukar jiyya ɗaya tare da Ridomil Gold kowace shekara a matsayin rigakafi. Na fi so in aiwatar tun da daɗewa kafin girbin, fiye da lokacin kashe wutar da ke ƙone mildew. Kuma kuma ban yi amfani da Nitrafen ba. Kuma bayan furanni, Na fi son wani abu mai mahimmanci fiye da kowane kololuwar Abiga. Misali, saduwa da Kursat. Kuma bana amfani da kwari kwata-kwata, saboda Ba ni da kaska ko ganye. Rabin na biyu na kakar girma kuma suna yawo a gonar inabin ba tare da tsoro ba, kuma ina gwada berries daga daji. Kuma daga ƙarshen fure har zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta, bana aiki da ilmin sunadarai.

Vladimir Stary Oskol, Yankin Belgorod

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Don magance rot, Ina amfani da Horus da Canja.

Vasily Kulakov Stary Oskol Belgorod Yankin

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Na daɗe ina aiki tare da Cabrio Top, EDC. Na yi matukar farin ciki da sakamakon: yana yin daidai sosai da mildew, anthracnose, oidium da kuma baki rot. A lokacin kakar, wasu ma'aurata sun zama dole, amma kawai ana amfani da su ga seedlings a cikin makaranta, saboda lokacin jira shine kwanaki 60. A cikin gonar inabinsa na fruiting na yi ƙoƙarin kada ku yi amfani da komai. Kodayake a cikin matsanancin yanayi, tun kafin fure, wasu lokuta dole su aiwatar dashi ...

Fursa Irina Ivanovna Krasnodar Territory

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Magunguna na farko, nan da nan bayan cire tsari - 500 gr, LCD, 10 l, ruwa. Hakanan noma gona a kewayen bushes. Bayan garter na vines, 250 g, ammonium nitrate, ta 1 sq M, shayar da inabi a yalwace, ba tare da la’akari da ya kasance mai danko ko bushe ba. Na farko aiki na bushes, girman ganye, tsabar kudin na aninai biyar. Ridomil Gold-50 gr, Topsin M-25g, Horus-6 gr, Bi 58 sabo, bisa ga umarnin. Jiyya ta gaba, bayan fure, makonni biyu kenan. Magungunan guda ɗaya + Colloidal sulfur, 60-80 g, da lita 10 na ruwa. Wannan makircin zai iya amfani da kowa, mafi mahimmanci, don tsayayya da jerin lokutan da ba za a samu ruwayoyi ba. A cikin digiri na gaba, Ina amfani da magani na uku, Teldor, bisa ga umarnin + potassium permanganate + soda. Ba na amfani da wasu ƙwayoyi. Sau ɗaya a kowace shekara, a cikin kaka, Ina aiwatar da Wurin tare da Dnokom.

Alexey Kosenko, yankin Kherson Garin Golopristansky.

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An dasa gonar inabin ta shekaru da yawa (har zuwa shekaru 100): mazan daji, ya fi girma kuma ya fi mai daɗin berries. Sabili da haka, kada ku kasance mai hankali, yin komai kamar yadda aka zata, kare itacen inabi daga cututtuka da kwari, kuma sakamakon ayyukanku zai zama daɗin ɗanɗano m inabi.