Kale: mafi kyawun iri da kuma amfanin gona

A Rasha, Kale ba shi da mashahuri musamman tare da lambu. Amma a cikin kasashen Turai da Amurka yanayin sabanin haka ne. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana amfani dashi a cikin shimfidar wuri, amma shayarwa ma sun shayar da nau'ikan da suka dace don cin abinci. Al'adu ne unpretentious, samu nasarar adapts har ma zuwa yanayin canjin yanayin hawa.

Yaya Kale yake kama da abin da yake da amfani

"Na halitta" Kale shine asalin yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan ta "horar da". An kuma san shi da sunayen laƙabi "curly", "gruenkol", "braunkol". Ya bambanta da duk nau'ikan al'adun da suka saba da wannan al'adar domin ba ta da kai. Yana da wani kwance sako-sako da Rosell na ganye. Su ne na bakin ciki, amma m.

Kayan daji an san da ɗan adam na dogon lokaci, an horar da shi a tsohuwar Girka da kuma ƙasashen Asiaan Asiya

A cikin "daji" Kale, suna da santsi, a bayyane kuma tare da santsi mai kyau. Amma shayarwa sun kuma danganta nau'ikan da suka yi kama da ganyayyaki. A gefuna cikin ganyayyaki suna sosai corrugated ko ma kama da yanki. Su kansu suna zane-zanen ruwan hoda, mai launin shuɗi, shunayya, violet, fari-rawaya, launi mai haske, ana iya wrinkled, buɗe furanni, kamar dai "tsage". Irin wannan Kale ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin zane-zane na ƙasa, musamman a Sin da Japan, inda aka lalata nau'ikan kayan ado da yawa. Amma a Asiya, ba a cinye shi azaman abinci, sabanin jihohin Turai da Amurka.

Ganyen wannan kabeji iri-iri suna kama da sabon abu da kuma kayan ado.

Rashin nasarar shayarwa daga gado na unpretentiousness da juriya ga mummunan yanayi da yanayin yanayi. Al'adu a Rasha ana iya girma kusan ko'ina, in banda yankuna tare da yanayin Arctic. Ba tare da lahani mai yawa da kansa ba yana shan zafin zazzabi zuwa 30 ° C kuma raguwarsa zuwa -15 ° C. Haka kuma, ganyen da ya tsira sakamakon sanyi ya zama mai kyau sosai kuma yana da kyau.

Ana dasa Kale ba kawai a kan gadaje ba, har ma a kan gadaje na filayen, shuka yana da kyau da amfani sosai.

Kale ya sanya buƙatu na musamman kawai akan ingancin substrate. Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau, ƙasa dole ne ta zama mai haske, amma mai gina jiki. M gaban nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, amma ba a cikin wuce haddi.

Tsawon mafita ya bambanta daga 30-40 cm zuwa 80-90 cm, diamita shine 50-100 cm. Kodayake a cikin yanayi, musamman ma canjin yanayin zafi, akwai manyan ƙattai na gaske waɗanda ke girma zuwa 1.5-2 m. Suna da matukar kyau a cikin dabino. Kwarewa ya nuna cewa ƙananan kwaskwarimar suna da kyakkyawan juriya na sanyi, kuma masu tsayi suna da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Tare da kara, ganyayyaki suna rarraba a ko'ina, suna tsaye a tsaye, kawai "kwanta" ta faɗo. Wani abin kallo mai ban sha'awa ta hanyar lambu shine cewa tare da dan karamin tsiro mai kauri, amfanin gona na farko ya farfado kadan. Mafi yawa daga cikin kore taro ne a yanka a watan Yuni-Agusta.

Fara dasa shuki yana taimaka samar da wani abu mai kama da itacen dabino daga mashigar ƙosar

Sanannen sanannen abu ne game da "ma'amala," ba "shiga gwagwarmaya" don abubuwan gina jiki tare da wasu tsirrai a gonar ba. Kale yafi wuya fari kamar fari, ja da sauran nau'ikan da zasu wahala daga kwari da kabeji. Ana iya girma ba wai kawai a gonar ba, har ma a gida. Girman mafi yawan kantuna suna ba da izinin wannan. A gida kuma, yana da fa'ida ta hanyar sanya iska sama da tsarkake shi daga carbon dioxide da sauran ƙazamtattun marasa lafiya.

Rosette na Kale na iya zama m, kuma yadu sosai

Ganyen wannan kabeji ana amfani dashi. Haka kuma, suna da lafiya sosai. Dangane da abun da ke cikin alli, al'adun cikin nasara suna yin gasa tare da madara, bitamin C - tare da lemun tsami. Haka kuma, wannan allurar ta sami nutsuwa kuma da sauri fiye da samfuran kiwo. Hakanan yana da wadatar arziki a jikin rare Omega-3, amma baya iya samar da jikinsa da kansa. Ba a cinye mai tushe, sun yi yawa sosai. Kuma ya fi kyau ka yanke preins.

Kale yana da matukar muhimmanci ga waɗanda ke bin tsarin lafiya. Wannan kantin shago ne na bitamin da ma'adanai. Kuna iya bambanta potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, baƙin ƙarfe, bitamin A, P, PP, K, U, gaba ɗaya rukunin B. Abubuwan da ke cikin kalori suna ƙasa - kawai 50 kcal a kowace g 100. Wannan fasalin yana sa kayan lambu ya zama ƙari mai mahimmanci ga kowane abinci, har ma mai cin ganyayyaki. Lallai, ganyayyaki 200 g suna dauke da tsari na yau da kullun na sunadarai da amino acid (thiamine, niacin, choline), babban tushen shi shine nama.

Salatin na gaske shine babban ɗakunan ajiya na bitamin, zaku iya ƙara kowane kayan lambu da ganye a ciki

Kabeji, wanda aka fentin cikin dukkan launuka masu launin ja da ruwan hoda, yana da wadataccen maganin antioxidants. Wadannan abubuwan suna hana aiwatar da tsufa, suna karfafa sabuntawar kwayar halitta, suna da matukar illa ga rigakafi. Tare da yin amfani da kayan lambu na yau da kullun, haɗarin haɓakar ciwon sukari na mellitus, ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, ciki har da mummunar cuta, cututtukan haɗin gwiwa, an rage shi, yanayin fata, ƙusoshi da gashi yana inganta, da kuma yanayin ƙwayar gastrointestinal na al'ada. Idan akwai matsaloli tare da tsarin endocrine, yana da kyau a nemi shawarar masanin abinci kafin a gabatar da ganyayyaki a cikin abincin.

Wannan kabeji wani ɓangare ne na yawancin jita-jita na ƙasa na abinci na Turai da na Asiya. Miyan akan yi shi ne a cikin Turkiyya, a Japan - abin sha mai ban sha'awa mai suna "aojiru", a cikin Netherlands - matattarar abinci (dankalin turawa daga nau'ikan kayan lambu tare da sausages). A ƙasashe da yawa na gabashin, soket na ganye kayan adon gargajiya ne na tebur Sabuwar shekara.

Aojiro sanannen sananne ne da abin sha mai kyau a Japan, ɗayan sinadarai wanda shine Kale

Dandanin ganye yana ɗan ɗaci mai ɗanɗaci, da ɗan tunannin radishes, amma ana iya kawar da wannan rashi ta daskarewa su ko kuma ruwan ɗumi. Yi amfani da wannan kabeji da sabo. Ganyayyaki masu braised suna tafiya da kyau tare da shinkafa. Kayan yaji masu dacewa da kayan yaji sune curry, cumin, tafarnuwa, barkono. Abinda bai kamata kuyi shine a soya shi a man shanu ko sauran kitse na dabba ba. Ganyen sa ɗanɗano sulfur mara dadi.

Bidiyo: bayanin Kale da fa'idodi na lafiya

Mafi na kowa iri

Babu wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan Kale wanda 'yan kiwo ke shayar dasu. Sun banbanta da bayyanar. Duk iri da kuma hybrids ba capricious a cikin kulawa, sanyi juriya. Kawai lokacin daskarewa na ganye yakan bambanta dan kadan.

Mafi sau da yawa dasa Kale:

• Kale (kuma wani lokacin ana samunsa a ƙarƙashin sunan "cale"). Akwai nau'i biyu daga ciki, tare da ganye mai launin ja da kore, kuma a cikin na farko, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launi iri-iri yana bayyana ne kawai bayan sanyi na farko. Kafin wannan, ganye suna fentin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Za'a iya yanka girbi bayan kwanaki 70-75 bayan fitowar. Dukansu jinsunan an nuna su ta hanyar babban taro a cikin ƙwayoyin bitamin (musamman C da K), amino acid. Bar tare da gefuna geza sunyi kama da yadin da aka saka da yadin. Tsawon mafita shine 60-80 cm.
• Redbor F1. Yaren mutanen Holland na ƙarshen-cikakke, an haɗa shi a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Federationungiyar Rasha. Abincin yana da tsayi, daga nesa shuka tana kama da itacen dabino. Tsawonta ya kai cm 80. A farkon abin da kabeji ke shuka, ya fi tsayi kara. Mafi kyawun lokacin don ƙirƙirar "dabino" shine shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Maris. Hanyar waje shine matsakaiciyar tsaye. Launin ganyen “curly” na iya zama launin ja, mai ruwan hutu, da kuma ruwan leda - ya dogara da irin hasken rana da tsire-tsire suke samu. Matsakaicin ba ya tsoron sanyi, ana iya cin kabeji sabo ko da a cikin hunturu, yana tono ganye daga dusar ƙanƙara. Su zama masu faukaka da andaukaka. Kabeji ana godiya saboda ɗanɗinsa, halayyar halayyar haƙiƙa ba ya nan. Ya haɗu da ban mamaki azaman kwano na gefe tare da nama da kayan abinci na kifi, ya zama dole don soya shi a cikin karamin adadin mai. Yawan aiki - 0.3-0.7 kilogiram na kayan tsirrai a kowace shuka.
• Reflex F1. Tsarin tsakiyar-marigayi an haɗa shi a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Federationungiyar Rasha. Tsayin tsalle-tsalle-tsinkaye shine kusan cm 80. Ba tare da nuna wariya ga kanta ba, tana fuskantar raɗaɗɗen zafin jiki zuwa -18 ° C. Lokacin dasawa, yana da matukar mahimmanci a bi tsarin da aka ba da shawarar, barin aƙalla cm 60 tsakanin tsirrai .. Ganyen suna daɗaɗa launi, launin shuɗi. Yana da kyawawa don tsaga waɗanda ke sama kawai, barin ƙananan ƙananan har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin girma, in ba haka ba inji ya mutu. Haɗin kai shine ɗayan shahararrun tsakanin ƙwararrun masu fasaha. Yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa - daga shuka ɗaya a lokacin kaka sami 0.3-1.4 kilogiram na kore kore.
• Black Tuscany. Soket din yayi kasa, yaduwa. Ganyen suna da yawa, matte, koren duhu a launi mai sizol-violet tint. Farjin yana da laushi, kamar yana da “kumfa” a ƙarƙashin. Suna kadan kamar kabeji savoy. Yankan lokacin ganye yana buɗewa daga farkon watan Yuni zuwa ƙarshen Nuwamba.
• Tintoretto. Bar "curly", yadin da aka saka. Gashi ba mai tsayi. Yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da kyau - kilogiram 0.5-1 na tsire-tsire a kowace shuka. Ba za ku iya yin alfahari da germination mai kyau. Girbi ya farfado cikin kwanaki 100-110.
• Siberiyanci. Duk da sunanta, iri-iri na cikin buƙatu mai yawa a cikin kasashen Arewacin Turai saboda kyawun sanyi. Hakanan, ana jin daɗin wannan kabeji saboda tsarancin '' ɗacin rai 'ga cututtuka da kuma karin kwari da al'ada. Lokacin narkarda ganye a cikin Urals da Siberia kusan kwanaki 80 ne lokacin da shuka suka girma. Za'a iya yanke ganyayyaki har zuwa Disamba-Janairu, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ƙanƙancin yanayi sun zama mafi kyau da kyan gani.
• Firayim Minista. Ultra-farkon iri-iri. An daraja shi don babban abun ciki na abubuwan da aka gano - sodium, zinc, selenium, jan ƙarfe. Tana da dandano mai kyau, ana ɗaukar abincinta. Ganyayyaki masu launin kore ne mai haske, tare da kan layi mai lemun tsami, an lalata sosai a gefen.
• Scarlett. Ganyayyaki suna da yawa, m sosai, na kyakkyawan launi mai launin kore-m. Da farko na yanayin sanyi, sai ya canza zuwa ruwan lemo tawada. Rosette game da santimita 50. Yawancin suna da wadataccen abinci a cikin bitamin A da C.
• Warai. Ganyen “curly”, mai taushi da kauri, amma a lokaci guda crispy. Canza launin ruwan hoda-violet. Soket din yayi kasa, yaduwa. Kimiyya ta tabbatar da fa'idar wannan nau'ikan Kale daban daban a matsayin maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta.

Hoton hoto: nau'ikan Kale iri-iri tsakanin shahararrun lambu

Shuka seedlings

Mafi sau da yawa, Kale ke girma seedlings. Ya shirya don dasawa a cikin ƙasa 35-45 kwanaki bayan fitowan, iri sun yi nasara a cikin kwanaki 5-7. Aauki da sauran juzu'i don al'ada ba a so. Tushen tsirrai suna da rauni sosai. A bu mai kyau shuka iri da yawa a lokaci daya a cikin tukwane na peat na karamin diamita.

'Ya'yan itace na Kale suna bayyana da sauri - sati daya bayan dasa shuki ko ma a baya

Don girma Kale, ƙasa ta yau da kullun don seedlings shima ya dace, wanda za'a iya sayowa a kowane kantin sayar da kayayyaki, amma gardenersan lambu da suka ƙware sun fi son shirya cakuda ƙasa ta kansu. Ya kamata ya zama mai gina jiki, amma a lokaci guda bari ruwa da iska ta gudana. Sabili da haka, humus an haxa shi da ciyawar da take da abinci da kowane “burodin burodi” (yashi, perlite, vermiculite) a kusan daidai gwargwado. Don hana ci gaban cututtukan cututtukan fungal, ƙara tablespoon na dunƙule alli ko carbon da aka kunna don kowane lita 3. Duk wani abin da yakamata ya zama dole ya ɓata. Hanyoyin da aka fi amfani dasu sune tururi, gasawa a cikin tanda, daskarewa. Hakanan zaka iya zub da ƙasa tare da duhu mai ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan.

Kale ne mai dadi sosai tare da ƙasa da aka saya don shuka

Tsaba kuma suna buƙatar shiri na farko don kamuwa da cuta da haɓaka. Hanya mafi sauri ita ce tsoma su na minti 20 a cikin ruwa mai zafi (40-45 ° C), sannan na mintina 2-3 - cikin sanyi. Bayan haka, ana dasa kayan dasa shuki a cikin maganin kowace halitta mai rai, an shirya shi bisa ga umarnin mai masana'anta, na kimanin kwata na awa daya. Yanzu tsaba suna shirye don dasawa, suna buƙatar kawai a wanke a ruwa mai gudu kuma bushe zuwa yanayin gudana.

Kale tsaba dole ne shuka preplant dasa

Wani zabin shine abin da ake kira farjin jijiya. Tsaba an haɗe shi da peat ko yashi, a ɗan ɗora danshi. Don kwanaki 7-8, ana ajiye su akan batirin dumama ko a wani wuri mai sanyi yayin rana, kuma a tsabtace su a cikin firiji don daren. A wannan lokacin ya kamata su fara kyan gani.

Kyakkyawan sakamako ana bayar da shi ta hanyar narkewa a cikin maganin biostimulant na tsawon awanni 14-16. Wannan ya shafi shirye-shiryen adanawa (Epin, Emistim-M, potassium humate, Zircon), da magungunan mutane (succinic acid, ruwan 'ya'yan aloe, ruwan zuma da aka tsinke da ruwa). Sannan ana saka su cikin guda ɗaya na asalin halitta ko a cikin duhu mai ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan. A cikin maganar ta karshen, lokacin haɓaka aikin yana ƙaruwa daga mintina 15 zuwa awanni 6-8.

Soaking a cikin wani bayani na kowane biostimulant, alal misali, Epin, yana ƙaruwa da yawan ƙwayar zuriya kuma yana da tasiri sosai a kan rigakafin seedlings

Seedlingsan asalin shuka da kai tsaye da kuma kula da shi ba mai wahala bane:

1. Cika tukwane da ƙasar da aka shirya. Ƙasƙantar da kai da santsi.
2. Shuka tsaba 2-4 a cikin kowane akwati, rufe su ba fi 1 cm ba. Thearke tukwanen tare da tsare ko rufe gilashi, cire a cikin wurin dumin duhu (aƙalla 24 ° C) har sai seedlings ya bayyana. Kowace rana, buɗe "greenhouse" don samun iska, hana iska mai tarawa tarawa.
3. Abubuwan fashewa masu buɗewa suna buɗe da kuma shirya tukwane a cikin haske. Mafi kyawun sa'o'in hasken rana don kabeji shine mafi ƙarancin sa'o'i 12-14. A yawancin Russia a cikin bazara wannan ba gaskiya bane, saboda haka dole ne ku haskaka seedlings. Kuna iya amfani da wannan don talakawa biyu (luminescent, LED), da phytolamps na musamman. A cikin mako na farko, yawan zafin jiki na abubuwan da aka shuka ya ragu zuwa 10-12 ° C, tsawon ragowar ya karu zuwa 16 ° C. Ka ƙasƙantar da abin da suke so kamar yadda dusar kankarar ta bushe, amma ba za a iya juye ƙasa ta zama fadama ba. In ba haka ba, "black kafa" yana haɓaka da sauri. Don ci gaba da kare plantings daga wannan cuta, ana dasa seedlings a cikin katako mai itace, an haɗa yashi mai kyau a gindin tushe.
4. Kuna buƙatar ciyar da seedlings sau biyu, a cikin lokaci na ganye na biyu na biyu kuma bayan wasu kwanaki 7-10. A karo na farko da suka yi amfani da takin mai magani na ma'adinin nitrogen (urea, ammonium sulfate), dilging 2-3 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin ruwa na ruwa, a karo na biyu - mahimmin hadaddun hanya don seedlings (Rostock, Uniflor). Kafin na biyu miya, ana aiwatar da kin amincewa, an bar seedling ɗaya a cikin tukunya.Sauran ya kamata a pinched ko yanke sama da ƙasa kanta.
5. Don sauƙaƙe don tsire-tsire don daidaitawa da sabbin yanayin rayuwa, seedlings suna taurare. Hanyar tana ɗaukar mako guda da rabi. A cikin kwanakin farko, sun barta a cikin iska na 'yan awanni biyu, ba ƙari, lokacin da lokacin ya kusan karewa, ta riga tayi nasarar "barci" akan titi.

Shirya don dasawa a cikin ƙasa, seedlings na Kale ya kai 12-14 cm a tsayi kuma yana da ganyayyaki 4-5 na gaskiya. Kyakkyawan nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire shine 50-60 cm, jigilar layin shine 40-50 cm. Don adana sarari, zaku iya dasa su a cikin tsarin gwajin. Wuce kima na plantings (kamar lokacin farin ciki inuwa) na taimaka wa jari na cutarwa nitrates a cikin ganyayyaki.

Bai dace a jinkirta dasa shuki na kale seedlings na dindindin ba - samfuran "ƙaruwar" samfuran suna daidaita ƙasa da sabbin yanayi, inganta sannu a hankali

Zurfin ramin ya dogara da ingancin substrate. A cikin ƙasa mai yashi mai haske shine 14-16 cm, a cikin yumbu mai nauyi - 8-10 cm. human ƙaramin humus, ɗan ƙaramin itacen ash da albasa husk (don tsaftace kwari) an saka su a ƙasa.

Kamshin albarkar husks baya jure yawancin kwari masu haɗari ga Kale

Kafin sauka, rijiyoyin suna zubar da yalwa tare da ruwa, dasa shuki kabeji kai tsaye a cikin “datti” a ƙasa tare da tanki. Bringawo seedlings zuwa biyu na ganye. Sannan kasar ta sake zama da ruwa sosai. Lokacin da ruwa ya tuna, za'a iya dasa ciyawar.

Lokacin da ya fi dacewa don canja wurin seedlings zuwa ƙasa shine farkon farkon Mayu. Zai fi kyau dasa itace a cikin yanayin sanyi mai sanyi. Idan rana ta yi rana, dole ne a rufe seedlingsan seedlings da makullan takarda, rassan spruce ko wata alfarwa akan kowane gado na gado da aka yi da duk wani farin kayan rufe kayan. Cire tsari lokacin da seedlings suka fara girma.

Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a zahiri bai bambanta da irin wannan hanyar don wasu ba, sun fi saba wa lambu, irin kabeji

Bidiyo: ƙwayar kabeji mai girma

Dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa

A bisa ka'ida, tsaba na iya shuka har ma a 5 ° C, kodayake wannan zafin jiki bai da kyau sosai. Sabili da haka, ana iya dasa su kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa daga ƙarnin farko na Afrilu.

Lokacin zabar wani wuri, kuna buƙatar la'akari da cewa al'adun, kamar kowane kabeji, yana son zafi da hasken rana. Ko da inuwa mai jujjuya hanya yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa ganyayyaki ya zama ƙarami, mai saurin haske, launi mai haske yana faduwa. Shuka zai rayu a irin wannan yanayi, amma yawanci zai ragu sosai.

Don namo na Kale, an zaɓi yankin buɗewa wanda rana take jin daɗi kuma yana kiyaye shi daga iska mai ƙarfi.

Amfani da abin da ya fi dacewa da al'ada abu ne mai sauƙi, amma a lokaci guda ƙasa mai gina jiki tare da tsaka tsaki acid-base dauki. Lokacin yin digging, digging dole ne koyaushe a ƙara lemun tsami slaked, dolomite gari ko ƙoshin ƙwaya a cikin gari foda (200-300 g a 1 p.m.). Saboda wannan dalili, ba a ke so a yi amfani da peatust da ciyawa a matsayin ciyawa, musamman sababbi - suna ƙarfafa acid ɗin ƙasa sosai.

A kan aiwatar da digging da gadaje karkashin Kale dole rabu da duk tsire tarkace

Ana buƙatar shirya gado tun faɗuwar. An zaɓi yankin da aka zaɓa, yayin tsaftacewa daga tarkace kayan lambu. Ana amfani da ƙasa ta hanyar gabatar da humus ko takin da aka lalace (5-7 l a kowace 1 a.m), mai sauƙin superphosphate (20-25 g a kowace rana 1) da kuma sulfate na potassium ko kalimagnesia (10-15 a kowace 1 a.m.) .). Wani madadin na halitta don takin mai ma'adinai shine dabarar itace. Rabin rabin zai iya isa ga 1 p.m. Kimanin sati ɗaya kafin dasa shuki, a bazara, gadaje suna kwance sosai kuma ana haɗa su da sinadarin nitrogen (8-10 g a 1 p.m.).

Humus - magani na ɗabi'a don haɓaka takin ƙasa

Ba a so a shuka irin shuka inda 'dangi' daga dangin Cruciferous ko tushen albarkatu (beets, karas) suka girma a bara. Baya ga kowane nau'in kabeji, waɗannan sun haɗa da radish, rutabaga, radish, daikon. Kyawawan magabata - kowane Solanaceae, Legumes, Pumpkin, ganye mai yaji da hatsi.

Radishes, kamar sauran tsire-tsire na Cruciferous, ƙaddara ce wacce ba a sonta don Kale

Sown tsaba a cikin ƙasa bude a farkon ko tsakiyar Afrilu. Ana buƙatar shiri na preplant da aka bayyana a sama. A kan gado tare da tazara na kusan 50 cm, an kafa tsummoki tare da zurfin 3-4 cm, wanda dole ne ya zubar da shi sosai. Manyan tsaba sun yayyafa shi da bakin ciki na humus. Yayinda 'yan seedlings ke girma, tsire-tsire suna tartsatsi. Lokaci na farko yana cikin lokaci na ganye na gaskiya na biyu, sannan a na huɗu zuwa na biyar. A sakamakon haka, yakamata a samar da tazara tsakanin 40 cm ko aari kadan tsakanin tsire-tsire makwabta.

Kale tsaba ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa a ko'ina kamar yadda zai yiwu, to, dole ne a yi fitar da seedlings a fita

Kafin seedlings ya bayyana, an rufe gado na lambun da filastik filastik. Bayan haka, don seedlings su haɓaka da sauri, yana da kyau a shigar da arcs kuma a cire kayan sutura a kansu. Ana iya cire shi bayan kimanin wata guda, lokacin da seedlings suka yi girma zuwa ga girma na seedling girma.

Wasu yan lambu suna yin shuka Kale a watan Satumba, kafin hunturu. A wannan yanayin, ana iya sarrafa amfanin gona na farko na ganye kafin sanyi. Babban fa'idar wannan hanyar ita ce cewa tsire-tsire suna shan wahala da yawa daga cututtuka da kwari. Don hunturu, an yanke mafita, yana barin "kututture" game da santimita 5. A cikin bazara, ana iya cin ganye a cikin Mayu.

Arin kulawa da shuka

Babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a cikin kula da Kale. Kamar sauran amfanin gona na lambu, yana buƙatar weeding na yau da kullun da kwance gadaje. Latterarshen yana da matukar muhimmanci ga dacewar ƙasa, sabili da haka, fi dacewa, ya kamata a aiwatar da hanyar bayan kowace ban ruwa. Arancin ƙasa mai laushi, zuwa zurfin da bai wuce cm 6 ba. Tushen tsarin Kale yana da alaƙa.

Iri daban-daban tare da babban kara sau 2-3 a lokacin girma spud, yayyafa ƙasa zuwa gindi. A karo na farko kenan ana yin wannan kusan mako guda bayan dasa shuki a cikin kasa, sannan tare da tazara tsakanin makonni biyu. Ana aiwatar da hanyar bayan an sha ruwa ko ruwa. Tabbatar cewa ka tabbata cewa cibiyar fita, inda mashigar take, ba a cika duniya ba.

Hilling kabeji yana ƙarfafa ci gaban adadin asalin tushen sa

Kamar kowane kabeji, ganye yana son danshi. Amma ba za ku iya cika gado tare da rarrabuwa ba. A cikin ƙasa, yafi kamar fadama, Tushen rot, wasu cututtukan fungal na haɓaka. Fashe kawuna lokacin girma Kale ba shi yiwuwa a manufa, amma duk da haka yana da kyau a shayar da gadaje a kai a kai, maimakon yin dogaro da “fari” da yawan danshi a cikin ƙasa.

Kale wata al'ada ce mai son danshi, amma saukad da faduwa akan ganye da mai tushe na iya haifar da kunar rana a jiki, tare da tsokane cigaban rot

Zai fi kyau a shirya rarar ruwa don Kale ko zuba ruwa a cikin tsabtace shekara na shekara wanda ke nisan nisan 25-30 cm daga tushe. Idan saukad da ruwa ya fadi akan ganye, zasu iya haifar da kunar rana a jiki. Kuma a lõkacin da watering karkashin tushe daga tushe, Tushen an fallasa su bushe.

Lokacin da zafin jiki a titi bai wuce 25-27 ° C ba, shayarwa a cikin kwanaki 2-3 ya isa. A cikin matsanancin zafi, ana shayar da tashar wuta kowace rana, safe da maraice. Hakanan yana da amfani ga tsawan fari don fesa ganye bayan faɗuwar rana.

Rage ruwa ya dace ba kawai don Kale ba, har ma don wasu albarkatu na lambu

Idan an shirya gado mai gonar daidai, cikin yarda da duk shawarwarin, ƙarin kayan riguna uku a kowace kakar sun isa kabeji (maraba huɗu da marigayi iri da tsakiya da kuma hybrids). Al'adar ta mai da hankali sosai ga kwayoyin halitta.

Tushen nitrogen ya zama dole ga al'adun a farkon watan bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa shine jiko na sabo mai suttattar naman sa, ƙwayar tsuntsu, ganyen Dandelion, da ganye mai laushi. An lalata albarkatun ƙasa, ana ajiye su a cikin kwantena tare da murfin rufe ta sosai na kwanaki 3-4, cike da ruwa mai ɗumi. Bayan bayyanar warin halayyar, ana tace takin kuma a narkar da shi da ruwa a sashi na 1:10 ko 1:15, idan an yi shi a kan tushen zuriyar dabbobi. Adadin kowace shuka kusan lita ne na mafita. Ana yin riguna na sama a cikin sati da rabi bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ko makonni 5-6 bayan fitowar shuka.

Nettle jiko - gaba daya na halitta da cikakken free taki

Sannan tsire-tsire sun fi bukatar phosphorus da potassium. Ciyarwa ɗaya a wata ya isa. Tushen asalin wadannan macronutrients shine ash. An zuba shi a bushe bushe a cikin tushen yayin loosening ko an shirya jiko (0.5 a kowace lita 3 na ruwan zãfi). Hakanan zaka iya amfani da maganin ma'adinan ma'adinai (15-20 g na superphosphate mai sauƙi da potassium sulfate da 10 l na ruwa) da kuma shirye-shiryen hadaddun kabeji.

Ash ash itace asalin halitta na phosphorus da potassium

M da foliar saman miya. Al'adar ta yi mummunar amsa ga ƙarancin abinci a cikin ƙasa na molybdenum, boron da manganese. Yana da amfani a fesa ganyen kowane mako 4-5 da ruwa, ƙara 1-2 g na ammonium molybdenum acid, boric acid da potassiumgangan a kowace lita.

Bidiyo: Kayan Kula Kale

Yanke ganye a ko'ina cikin girma daga lokacin da kanti ke tsiro zuwa 22-25 cm ba tsayi. Mafi yawan amfani shi ne sabo ganye. An haɗa su da salads, smoothies, smoothies, mashed dankali don abincin yara. Wadanda suka riga sun girma kadan ne, saboda haka yana da kyau a soya su ko kuma a kawo su. A manufa, kale za a iya maye gurbin ta da farin farin kabeji a cikin mafi yawan girke-girke. Yana da kyau kyakkyawa a cikin nau'in marinated, yana kiyaye cikakkiyar haske na inuwa mai ganyayyaki.

Sun yanke su kadan, za a cire duka hanyar kawai bayan farkon yanayin sanyi. A zazzabi a daki, ana ajiye su basu wuce kwanaki 2-3, sannan sai ya bushe. A cikin firiji - kadan more, matsakaicin sati guda. Ya kamata a sa ganyen a cikin kwandon ruwa, kamar bouquet, kuma an rufe shi da jakar filastik a saman.

Abin takaici, ba shi yiwuwa a ci gaba da girbin sabo sabo sabo na dogon lokaci.

Daskarewa yana taimakawa kiyaye wannan kabeji na dogon lokaci. Dole ne a wanke ganyen a bushe kuma a bushe, a shimfiɗa shi akan takarda ko adon ruwan adiko. Yana da kyau a yanka mai tushe da veins, barin kawai farantin ganye kai tsaye. Bayan haka an shimfiɗa su a kan buhunan buhunan kwano ko kayan kwalliya da aka rufe da adiko na goge baki, kuma tsawon mintuna 2-3 ana aika su zuwa daskarewa da ke aiki a yanayin “girgiza”. Idan ba a samar da zanen ba, lokacin yana ƙaruwa zuwa awa 3-4. Ganyen da aka gama an tattara su cikin kananan jakunkunan filastik tare da ɗaure mai kama. An ƙaddara rabo daga yawan kabeji da shakka zai tafi a lokaci guda. Roarfin karewa da maimaitawar daskarewa ya mai da shi wani taro mai santsi, ba da ɗanɗano kuma mai kyau. Sabili da haka ana adana bitamin da ma'adanai don watanni 4-6.

Kale mai daskarewa, ba tare da rasa fa'idodi ba, za'a iya adana shi har zuwa watanni shida

Bidiyo: Kale mai daskarewa

Rashin rigakafin cututtuka a cikin Kale yana da kyau sosai, tare da kulawa da kyau da kuma yarda da tsarin shuka, da wuya ya sha fama da ƙwayoyin fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta. Amma kwari da cewa basu damu da cin m, ganye ganye, Abin takaici, da yawa sosai. Daga cikin su akwai rafunawa masu ruwa, sikari na katako, farar fata da ƙuraje, ƙwallan firi, aphids, tarkace. Amma ana iya rage girman haɗarin kamuwa da matakan kariya na sauki.

Hoton hoto: kwari mai haɗari ga Kale

Yawancin kwari ba sa son ƙanshi mai ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, yana da amfani don kewaye da gado tare da kabeji tare da kewaye tare da marigolds, nasturtiums, calendula, lavender, kowane ganye. Don adana sarari, ana shuka su cikin rami. Yawancin waɗannan albarkatun gona suma masu ɗaukar zuma ne masu kyau, suna jawo ƙudan zuma da sauran kwari masu lalata ƙwayoyin yanar gizon.

Za'a iya fallasa ƙasa kowane kwana 7-10 tare da infusions na ganye iri ɗaya. Hakanan ana amfani da su azaman kayan ƙwari sune albasa da kiban tafarnuwa, saman tumatir da dankali, kwasfa lemun tsami da lemo, barkono ƙasa, mustard foda. Dacewa 1:10 dace da ruwa vinegar asalin da ammoniya, soda ash (25-30 ha a 10 l), kumfa gidan ko kore potash sabulu.

Soilasa a cikin gonar yana yayyafa tare da cakuda ash na itace tare da barkono ja mai zafi da kwakwalwan ƙanƙan wuta ko ƙwayar sigarin. Tsire-tsire da kansu ana yin su da ƙwayar alkama a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa ko ƙwayoyin carbon mai aiki. Kusa da tushe daga tushe, ana yin “shamaki” na allura, yashi, ash, yankakken gyada ko ƙwancen ƙwai.

Ya kamata a bincika filaye akai-akai don alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Idan lokaci ya ɓace, ana amfani da kowane kwayar cuta ta gaba-ɗaya - Inta-Vir, Tanrek, Mospilan, Iskra-Bio, Fury. Ana amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman akan tarkace - Meta, Girgizar iska, Sludge Eater. Don tsoratar da kuliran bishiyoyi da sauran kwari masu tashi, kabeji da ƙasa a gonar suna maganin Lepidocide, Entobacterin. Kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin yaƙin ana bayar da su ta hanyar tarkunan da aka yi da gida - kwantena cike da syrup, jam, zuma mai diluted da ruwa, guda na kwali wanda aka shafa da man fetir, manne, da kuma tef ɗin manɗa don kama kwari.

Ba shi da wahala a yi tsiro a kan wani tsiro ko da ba ma ɗan ƙwarewar lambu. Shuka ba kawai tana ado da shafin ba, har ma tana da koshin lafiya. Akwai nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda ke shayarwa daga masu shayarwa waɗanda suka bambanta musamman a cikin bayyanar ganye. Dukansu suna da arziki a cikin amino acid, alli, bitamin. A inji shi ne unpretentious a cikin kulawa, samu nasarar saba da yanayi na yanayin zafi da kuma da tabbaci kawo mai amfanin gona.