Filaton Nordman wani kyakkyawan kayan ado ne da za ku iya yi wa duk wani makirci. Don haka za ku iya yin ado da wannan kyakkyawan itace, a ƙasa za mu gaya muku game da fir na Nordman kuma game da dasawa da kulawa.
Firman na Nordman: bayanin
Fir Nordman, ko Caucasian itace bishiyar coniferous, wadda aka gano ta farko daga masanin burbushin Alexander von Nordman, a cikin girmamawa kuma ta sami sunansa. Tsarin yana da yawan itatuwan da ba zai iya girma ba har tsawon shekaru 60, kuma wani lokacin har zuwa 80 m na tsawo (muna magana ne game da yanayi na girma).
Idan kana so ka dasa a kan shafin firikancinka na Nordman, kula da ta bayanin:
- da kambi na itace ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar siffar gwano, wanda zai iya kaiwa mita 2-3 a diamita;
- Tushen itace yana da haske, a yanayin yanayin yanayi zai iya kai 2 m a diamita;
- launi da tsarin tsarin hawan canje-canje dangane da shekarun itacen - a lokacin ƙuruciya yana da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa, ya fara farawa a cikin balagaguwa kuma ya zama marar duhu;
- rassan a kan akwati su ne ƙananan, kowane dan kadan ya tashi;
- matasa harbe suna da launi mai launi mai haske tare da haske yellowness, aka yi ado da gajeren buƙatun ƙwayoyi;
- babban rassan an rufe shi da duhu masu buƙatar kore, haske a sama da maras ban sha'awa a ƙasa;
- Tsawancin needles zai iya kaiwa 4 cm; a lokacin da aka shafa, an ji ƙanshi mai ƙanshi mai yawa, wadda ta haifar da kasancewar yawan man a cikin needles;
- ƙwayar bishiya ta rushe kowace shekara (Afrilu-farkon Mayu), an rufe su da furanni maza da mata; an gabatar da furanni a matsayin tsalle-tsalle tare da tinge mai laushi, kuma 'yan kunne na' yan kunne suna wakiltar 'ya'ya mata, wadanda aka kafa su a cikin jimlar kambi;
- manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa sun kai har zuwa 20 cm cikin tsawon kamar' ya'yan itatuwa; suna ci gaba da rassan a tsaye, suna da gajeren kafa; Kullun da ba su da tsabta suna da launi mai launi, a cikin tsari na maturation, suna ƙara launin ruwan kasa da m;
- tushen tsarin zai iya bambanta dangane da halaye na ƙasa: idan ƙasa ƙasa ce mai sauƙi, tushen tsarin yana zurfi cikin tushe, idan yumbu da yalwa - shimfidawa kusa da farfajiya.
Shin kuna sani? Saboda kyawawan yanayinsa, ana amfani da fir a Arewacin Turai a matsayin sabon Sabuwar Shekara.
A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, Caucasian fir na iya rayuwa tsawon kimanin shekaru 700. Abin lura ne cewa karuwa a cikin itace ana kiyaye ko da kuwa shekarunta.
Kyawawan iri masu furanni sune balsamic da kuma Korean. Bugu da ƙari, na ado, fir yana kuma warkar da kaddarorin.
Babban iri
Tree yana da da dama iri, wanda za ku iya zaɓar mafi kyau a gareku:
- 'Golden Spreader'. Dwarf fir, wanda yana da jinkiri kadan. Domin shekaru 10 na ci gaban aiki, itacen zai iya shimfidawa fiye da mita 1. Haka diamita ya kai kambi. Abubuwan da ake bukata na wannan iri-iri ne ƙananan - kawai 2 cm cikin tsawon, yana da launin yellow-yellow a cikin ɓangaren sama da launin rawaya-fari a cikin ƙananan. Da iri-iri sun fi dacewa da noma a yankunan kudancin Ukraine, mafi yawancin lokuta ana amfani da su don gina lambunan dutsen.
- 'Jadwiga'. Wannan nau'i-nau'i ne matasan, daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake amfani da su shine girma girma da kuma babban kambi tare da needles kore duhu a cikin farin kasa. Ƙarshen wuta mai cikakke.
- 'Pendula'. Babban itace mai girma, duk da haka, yana da raguwa mai girma. Forms a kunkuntar kambi, kunsha na lokacin farin ciki rassan rufe lush kore needles. Wannan iri-iri yana da mahimmanci ga wurin namo - an bada shawara don dasa shi daga kariya daga wuraren da aka tsara tare da tsananin zafi. Ya fi kyau a kan kananan yankunan.
Shin kuna sani? Tsarin yanayi na fadar fadar Amurka ta rufe dukkan Caucasus, Turkiyya har ma da ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wannan itace zai iya samar da gandun daji mai dadi, wanda ke kusa da shi kawai.
Abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da dasa shuki
Maganar Caucasian fir a wani dacha ne mai yiwuwa ba tare da la'akari da halaye na gidan zafi, kamar yadda a girma wannan itace ne unpretentious. A kowane hali, zaka kuma iya inganta yanayin bunkasa don shuka da ka fi so.
Zaɓin tashar saukowa
Faransin Caucasian itace bishiyar da ke tasowa ta hanyar tasowa a tsawon mita 1200 a saman teku. Saboda haka, yana nuna ƙananan girma a cikin yankuna masu ƙananan, wanda, duk da haka, bai da mahimmanci ga namo mai kyau. Babban fasali (tare da wasu nau'in) shine ikon yin girma a cikin duhu da wuraren da aka shimfiɗa. Wannan itace ba ta jin tsoro ko da iska mai karfi, amma yana son wurare masu zafi.
Wani irin ƙasa ne ake bukata don ci gaban ci gaba
Caucasian fir Nordman yana son kasa mai arziki a cikin ma'adinai da takin mai magani. Loam ya fi dacewa don dasa shuki, duk da haka, ana lura da kyakkyawan ci gaban itace lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai yawa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Fir ana iya yaduwa ne kawai ta hanyar tsirrai tsaba, tun da hanyoyi masu cin ganyayyaki suna nuna kansu daga mummunan gefe. Cuttings bazai daina tsayawa ba ko kuma suna da tushe tare da wahala mai tsanani. Amma ga tsaba, fasalin su yana faruwa a ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba. Sai kawai tsaba da kansu suke tashi daga cikin kwando masu bude suna dauke da balagagge.
Dokokin shimfiɗa
Tun da ƙwararren Caucasian ne kawai ke tsiro ne kawai da tsaba, suna raguwa 1.5-2 watanni kafin dasa. Don yin wannan, an sanya tsaba a cikin ƙasa da aka cika a cikin akwati sannan ya bar cikin firiji ko a ginshiki. Bayan haka, a bazara an shuka tsaba a cikin dumi, kuma ana haifar da tsire-tsire a cikin manyan kwantena. Yawancin lokaci ana shuka shuka a cikin tukwane na tsawon shekaru 5-7 kuma bayan bayan an dasa shi zuwa cikin ƙasa. Wannan shi ne saboda rashin lafiyar matasan da zasu iya mutuwa a karkashin duk wani mummunar yanayi.
Kusa da fir, zaka iya shuka: spruce, larch, dutse ash, Thunberg barberry, thuja, pine, juniper.
Idan aka la'akari da yanayin da aka bayyana a sama, an bada shawarar shuka furanni a kan shafin a cikin nau'i na samfurin da aka samu a cikin gandun daji. Don haka, an shirya rami tare da zurfin 80 cm kuma nisa daga 60 cm Ana bada shawara don ƙara mai laushi na mai laushi zuwa zurfin da aka nuna, wanda kasancewar shine dole lokacin da dasa shuki (dutsen da aka yi amfani dashi ko dutse mai amfani da ita). Don ci gaba da daidaitawa da ci gaban itacen, shirya yalwar ƙasa a cikin ƙayyadaddun yanayin:
- yashi - 14.5%;
- humus - 14.5%;
- lãka - 28%;
- peat - 42%.
Abubuwan kulawa
Filaton Nordman ba sa bukatar kulawa, duk da haka, dangane da yanayin girma, har yanzu ana bukatar dubawa.
Watering da kuma ciyar da tsire-tsire
Fararren tarin Nordman na girma yana buƙatar yin watering da takin zamani, wanda aka gudanar ne kawai a lokacin girma na kakar. Ana gudanar da watering ne kawai don matasa, ba za a iya shayar da su ba, saboda tsarin tushen su yana iya samar da manyan bishiyoyi da danshi. Amma ga kayan ado, sun fara farawa ne kawai daga shekaru 5-6 bayan dasa. Zai fi dacewa yin amfani da shirye-shiryen hadaddun ruwa don masu amfani da taki don taki.
Yana da muhimmanci! Faransin Caucasian yana da matukar tsayayya ga yanayin zafi. Itacen tsakiyar shekaru yana iya jurewa gishiri zuwa -30 °C, kuma tare da shekaru, wannan kofa yana ƙara kawai. Amma a nan matasa matasa suna jin tsoron sanyi, saboda haka ana bada shawara don rufe su a cikin hunturu.
Kula kula
Matasa masu kyau na fir suna da matukar damuwa ga unguwa da weeds, sabili da haka yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye bishiyoyin bishiyoyi na kusa da tsabta. Don kiyaye shi ya fi tsayi, ana bada shawara a cike da ƙasa a kusa da fir na Caucasian, ta yin amfani da sawdust rotten don wannan dalili.
Pruning
Filaton Nordman a general ba ya buƙatar pruning. Duk da haka, idan kana son yin itace mafi ado, pruning ne quite yarda. Bukatar da ta taso ne dangane da bishiyoyi da yawa, wanda yawancin bishiyoyi sun bushe. Don haka baza su ɓata bayyanar itacen ba - dole ne a cire rassan da hankali tare da ganga, ba tare da manta da aiki na wurin da aka yanke ba. 
Cututtuka da kwari na shuka
Caucasian fir yana da matukar damuwa ga ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, amma maye gurbin buƙatunsa yana iya jawo hankalin su. A karkashin yanayi mara kyau (yanayi bai dace ba, ƙasa ko rashin takin mai magani) wasu cututtuka zasu iya rinjayar wannan itace. Za mu iya fahimtar matsalolin firmancin Nordman da yawa.
- idan buƙatar fara farawa da zuma ta saukowa ya bayyana akan shi - wataƙila maƙarƙashiya ta kayar da fir ɗin, wanda zai taimaka wajen kawar da tarko na tarko da aka kwantar da shi daga manzo;
- cobwebs da launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa a kan needles - alamar tabbatacciyar gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, wanda kusan ba zai iya yiwuwa a rabu da shi ba a kan itacen girma; dwarf fir bada shawarar da za a fesa tare da Dandelion da tafarnuwa infusions;
- wani fararen fata a kan allurar fir yana bar Hamisa, wanda kawai kwari ya taimaka wajen yaki;
- Har ila yau, asu mai haɗari yana da haɗari ga ƙwayoyin itace, don haka ana bukatar lalata labaranta tare da shirye-shirye na halittu, da kuma kowane maɓuɓɓuga don tono ƙasa a kusa da gangar jikin fir don halakar da larvae.
Yana da muhimmanci! Firamancin Nordman ya fara aiki a maimakon marigayi. Yawancin lokaci wannan lokacin ya jira daya ko biyu shekaru. Da sauri, wannan tsari ya fara ne a cikin nau'in irin wannan itace.
Da fatan, ba za ku sake yin tambaya game da ko za a iya dasa fir a kan mãkirci ba kuma yadda za'a kula da shi. Yi la'akari kawai da rashin isasshen ruwa, harbe da needles akan itace zasu iya bushe, don haka zabi don dasawa a kan shafin ku da dama na firisancin Caucasian wanda zai iya samuwa da shi.
