A cewar mutane da yawa, ceri mai zaki shine ɗan itacen kudu. Koyaya, wannan ya daina zama haka: yawancin nau'ikan da aka barnata waɗanda suke da matukar amfani a cikin tsakiyar latitude. Ofayansu shine akaunataccen Astakhova - ɗayan mafi kyawun cherries, haɗa juriya ga yanayin canjin yanayi da ɗanɗano na berries, kusan iri ɗaya ne da na girma a kudancin ƙasar.
Janar halaye na iri-iri
Ammar Astakhov ɗan ƙaramin saurayi ne, amma ainihin connoisseurs sun riga sun ji abubuwa da yawa game da halayensa masu kyau.
Asali, yanki mai tasowa
Yawancin ceri mai dadi na zamani suna girma a Bryansk, inda Cibiyar Bincike ta Duk-Rasha na Lupine, wanda aka kafa a kan tushen Cibiyar gwajin aikin gona ta Bryansk a cikin 1987, tana aiki. Gaskiya ne, kwanan nan, sakamakon sake tsarawa, wannan cibiyar ta zama reshe na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Tarayya don samar da Abinci da Agroecology, amma wannan bai canza batun aikinsa ba: ban da bincike da nufin inganta nau'ikan albarkatun gona, 'ya'yan itace da bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi an sami nasarar zaba a cikin sashin girma na' ya'yan itace na cibiyar.
Ya kasance a cikin wannan cibiyar cewa an haifi wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun nau'in blackcurrant (Selechenskaya 2, Sevchanka, da dai sauransu), cherries (Morel Bryanskaya, Prichuda, da dai sauransu) da cherries.
Anan Lyubimitsa Astakhova shi ma "an haife shi" - iri-iri da suka karɓi suna don girmamawa ga matar ɗayan masu kirkirarta - mai shayarwa M. Kanshina, sanannen ƙwararre ne a fagen 'ya'yan itace. A cikin "iyaye" na iri-iri suna da yawa daga cikin ceri mai zaki, gami da na Leningrad da asalin Voronezh.
Aiki akan nau'ikan sun dauki lokaci mai tsawo, kuma shigarwa cikin RF State Register game da Lyubimits Astakhov ya bayyana a 2011. Ta hanyar daftarin aiki, an bada shawarar aikin ceri kawai a yankin tsakiyar. Tabbas, wannan gaskiyar shawara ce kawai, sabili da haka, cherries na wannan iri-iri ana samun nasarar horar da su a wasu yankuna tare da yanayin irin wannan, su ma suna sane da shi a makwabta Ukraine da Belarus. Amma a cikin yankuna na arewacin, har ma da irin wannan cherries mai tsaurin sanyi ba tare da tsari na lokacin hunturu ba zai sami damar yin girma.
Bayanin Shuka
Itace ɗan itacen ceri mai ƙwanƙwasa Lyubimitsa Astakhova yayi girma cikin sauri, ya kai matsakaici matsakaici (har zuwa girman 4 m), ana saninsa da kambi mai matsakaici-zagaye ko kamannin-zagaye. Haushi yana daga launin toka mai duhu zuwa launin toka-shuɗi mai launi; yana da ɗanɗano kadan akan kara. Harbe suna da ƙarfi, kauri, ba tare da ɓarna ba. Ganyayyaki masu matsakaici, kore, ba tare da haske ba, siffar elliptical, petioles na matsakaici. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu yawa ana kafa akan bouquet rassan, kananan stalks. A cikin inflorescence yawanci akwai 3 furanni na matsakaici size, fari.
Itace akaunar Astakhov, kamar yawancin nau'in cherries na arewacin, tana da ƙima sosai
Hardness na hunturu a Lyubimitsa Astakhov yana da yawa. Koyaya, akwai shawarwari don iyakar yiwuwar kariyar itaciyar daga iska ta fences daban-daban, dasa bishiyoyi, da dai sauransu Bambancin da ke tattare da cutar, ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawanci shine coccomycosis. Daga cikin kwari, mafi hatsarin gaske shine ceri mai tashi.
Tsarin 'ya'yan itace
Wannan ceri ripens marigayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun fi girman matsakaici, masu nauyi zuwa 8 g (matsakaicin nauyin kimanin 6 g), m, ana iya rarrabe su daga ƙaho, launi yana da duhu ja duka a ciki da waje (a waje, fruitsa fruitsan rian fari cikakke na iya zama kusan baki). Theunbin ɗamara yana da laushi, mai sassauƙa, mai daɗi: ruwan 'ya'yan itace ruwan sukari har zuwa 12.5%. Fata lokacin cin 'ya'yan itatuwa ba a jin shi. Kashi yana launin ruwan kasa a launi, ya ware sosai. Kimar sabbin fruitsa byan itãcen marmari - maki 4.8 cikin 5. Dalilin ceri abu ne na gama gari: duka don sabo ne da kuma shirye-shirye daban-daban.
'Ya'yan itãcen Astakhov na ƙaunataccen suna zama ja har na dogon lokaci, amma kusa da cikakken ripening suna iya zama kusan baki
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun yi haƙuri da safarar ruwa sosai, musamman idan an cire su da sanyin safiya: irin wannan ceri ne wanda ya fi ƙarfin daidaito. Koyaya, rayuwar shiryayye daga 'ya'yan itace sabo ne gajere: a zazzabi a daki ba fiye da kwana uku ba, a cikin firiji - kadan ya fi tsayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari waɗanda ba a cinye su da ƙimar lokaci za a iya daskarewa, bushe, jam da aka yi daga gare su, compote, da dai sauransu.
Lokaci mai narkewa
'Ya'yan itaciya na farko ana yin su ne kawai bayan shekara huɗu. Itace tayi fure a watan Mayu, amma 'Ya'yan itaciyar yawanci suna girma ne kawai a tsakiyar bazara. Mitar fruiting ba ta hali ba don wannan iri-iri, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya tabbata, shekara-shekara, dan kadan sama da matsakaicin darajar amfanin gona (kimanin kilo 10 a kowace bishiya).
Kamar duk cherries mai zaki, 'ya'yan itacen Lyubimitsa Astakhov sun fi ƙarancin ƙarfi, ana iya lalata su a jikin bishiya, don haka nan da nan bayan an tattara su a cikin ƙananan kwantena an shimfiɗa su akan tsabtataccen zane kuma a hankali ana jera su. Zai fi kyau a aika da 'ya'yan itaciyar nan da nan zuwa firiji, kuma ya kamata a wanke su nan da nan kafin amfani.
Babban nau'ikan pollinators
Da yake magana game da yawan amfanin ƙasa, ya kamata a jaddada cewa za a iya cim ma hakan ne kawai idan akwai dabbobin da ke kusa da su - bishiyoyi na wasu nau'ikan. Lyubimitsa Astakhova ita kanta ana ɗaukar kanta ne kawai don cin gashin kanta, shine, numberan itace da yawa zasu yi girma akan itacen da ba kowa. Zai fi kyau idan a nesa da kusan 6-8 m biyu bishiyoyi daban-daban na shuka iri daban-daban, ana yin fure a lokaci guda tare da ƙaunataccen Astakhov.
Idan ba zai yiwu a dasa bishiyoyi da yawa ba, ana iya gracing pollinator da yawa a cikin kambi. Hanya mafi matsanancin fita ita ce cherries blooming kusa: za su kuma ƙara yawan ceri.
Jerin yiwuwar pollinators yana da girma sosai: Waɗannan kusan waɗannan nau'ikan cakulan mai daɗi waɗanda ke shuɗewa a watan Mayu, misali: Tyutchevka, Iput, Ovstuzhenka, Raditsa, Malysh, da dai sauransu.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin iri-iri
Duk da gaskiyar cewa zirin mai dadi na Lyubimitsa Astakhov iri-iri ya bayyana a kwanan nan, bayyananne game da halayensa ya riga ya bunkasa tsakanin lambu. Daga cikin manyan ab ofbuwan amfãni na iri-iri sune:
- kyakkyawan yanayin hunturu;
- unpretentiousness ga girma yanayi;
- kyakkyawan tsayayyen yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- kyakkyawan dandano na 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- babban rigakafi ga cututtuka.
Daga cikin gazawar sune:
- da bukatar pollinators;
- bukatar kananan bishiyoyi don tsari na hunturu.
Tabbas, tsari don hunturu hanya ce da ba za a yi watsi da ita ba har tsawon shekaru 2-3, amma ya cancanci jimrewa: bayan haka, kwanan nan an yi la'akari da cherries wani itace na latitude kudu! Amma karancin takin kai-da-kai muhimmi ne ga masara: ga masu karamin karfi mazauna rani, dasa shuki kyawawan bishiyoyi masu dadi 2-3, amma dasa shuki iri daya akan bishiya daya ba irin wannan babbar matsala bane.
Bidiyo: nau'ikan cherries na Rasha ta Tsakiya
Dasa cherries Lyubimitsa Astakhova
Shuka da kulawa da nau'ikan tambaya sun yi kama da waɗanda ke cikin yanayin wasu nau'in da aka yi niyya don narkar da yanayin yanayin tsakiyar tsakiyar.
Lokacin sauka
Ko da irin nau'in cherries mai sanyi da sanyi, sabanin tsaba na pome (bishiyoyi, pears), yi ƙoƙarin kada ku dasa shuki a tsakiyar layi a kaka. Mafi kyawun lokacin don dasa shuki Lyubimitsa Astakhov shine bazara: ya zama dole a riƙe taron bayan an shayar da ƙasa gabaɗaya, amma kafin a fara tonon fure a kan seedling. Barazanar mummunan sanyi a ranar dasa ya riga ya shuɗe. A tsakiyar Rasha, ana shuka wannan ceri a farkon rabin Afrilu.
Zaɓin shafin
Don dasa cherries a gonar, sun zabi wurin da yafi jin zafi, an kiyaye shi daga iska. Itace yakamata ya haskaka da hasken rana; mafi kyawun zaɓi shine gangara ta kudu, amma ba m. Kada ruwa ya zama kusa da mita ɗaya da rabi daga farfajiya, wurare masu narkewa - a ƙarƙashin cikakkiyar ban. Yana iya zama dole don musamman wadatar da babban tuddai don cherries. Mafi ƙasa ita ce amsa tsaka tsaki, mai iya numfashi, m, na abun da ke matsakaici (yashi mai loam ko loam).
An dasa cherry a cikin wuri mai faɗi, amma ba tare da tsari daga iska ba zai ji dadi ba a tsakiyar layin
Rijiyar rami
Wajibi ne a shirya rami domin dasa shuki a cikin bazara: bayan haka, dole ne ya tsaya na wani lokaci tare da kasar gona da aka zubar a ciki domin microorganisms su fara aiki, saturate kasar tare da abubuwa masu amfani da kwayoyin halitta, kuma a cikin bazara yana da matukar wahala a tono rami. Sabili da haka, a cikin kaka, lokacin da akwai lokaci, suna tono rami har zuwa rabin m zurfin, game da 80 cm tsayi da fadi.
An shirya rami don dasa cherries bisa ga ƙa'idodin general, amma a tsayi da nisa an yi shi fiye da zurfi
Ana shirya shiri na rami saukowa a cikin hanyar da ta saba: ƙananan, ana cire ƙaramin abu daga wurin, kuma ana haɗa takin zuwa ƙasa mai ƙoshin lafiya kuma an koma ramin. Kamar yadda takin zamani don tsirarwar Lyubimitsa Astakhov, ana amfani da bokiti 1.5-2 na humus da lita 1.5-2 na itacen ash. Suna ƙoƙarin kada su yi amfani da takin ma'adinai a lokacin shuka, daga baya ana amfani dasu don miya, amma akan ƙasa mara kyau zai zama da amfani a ƙara 100-120 g na superphosphate. Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi (wanda ba a son shi sosai), tono rami kaɗan mai zurfi don ana zubar da magudanar ruwa a ƙasan tare da fitila na 8-10 cm - pebbles, tsakuwa, yashi mai laushi.
Tsarin ƙasa
An yi imani da cewa a cikin bazara don saya seedlings mai haɗari: zaka iya gudu cikin sake rarrabewa. Amma idan aka sayi itacen ceri mai zaki a cikin fall, har yanzu ana buƙatar adana shi har sai lokacin bazara. Zai fi kyau yin tono seedling bisa ga duk ƙa'idodi akan shafin. Koyaya, zai fi aminci idan a sami ingantaccen gandun daji ko kantin sayar da kayayyaki da siyan seedling bayan komai a cikin bazara, kai tsaye kafin dasa. Yaran masu shekaru biyu sun fi dacewa da tushe. Tsarin seedling din ba zai sami lalacewa mai mahimmanci ba, Tushen ya zama na roba, lafiya.
Bayan isowa cikin bazara a yankin:
- Nunannun tushen dutsen seedling yana ɗan ɗan goge shi, musamman idan babu lalacewa ko bushewa. Bayan haka, ana tsoma Tushen cikin ruwa. Idan akwai lokaci, suna iya narkewa har zuwa rana guda. Nan da nan kafin shuka, zai zama da amfani a tsame tushen a cikin yumɓu mai yumɓu.
A lãka da mullein abun da ke ciki, amfani da tushen, sosai facilitates dasa na seedlings
- An cire adadin cakuda ƙasa da ake buƙata (har zuwa rabi) daga ramin dasawa saboda a iya sanya tushen a ciki kyauta. An gina shinge daga sauran cakuda, kuma gungume mai ƙarfi, wanda yake fitarwa daga waje aƙalla 80 cm, ana hawa shi kusa da shi.
Kafin dasa cherries, ana saka gungume a cikin rami, wanda zai tallafa wa seedling shekaru da yawa
- An sanya seedling a kan ƙwanƙolin, ana daidaita Tushen, yana riƙe itacen don matsanancin tushe yana 4-5 cm sama da matakin ƙasa (to, zai yi ƙasa kaɗan). A hankali cika Tushen tare da ƙasa cakuda, lokaci-lokaci girgiza seedling domin voids ba su samar.
Yana da mahimmanci lokacin dasa shuki don tabbatar da cewa tushen abin wuya shine ƙarshe a matakin ƙasa
- Bayan sun cika ramin, sun tattake ƙasa, sun ɗaure kara zuwa kan gungume tare da igiya mai laushi a hanyar "takwas".
Hanyar sanannen "takwas" yana ba da tabbacin ƙarfi na ɗorawa da amincin ƙwayar tumbi
- Bayan yin bangarorin don ban ruwa tare da gefan ramin, ruwa da seedling tare da bulo biyu na ruwa. Bayan shan ruwa, yakamata yakamata ya zama sanannen tushe daga ƙasa.
Idan bulo biyu na ruwa sun shiga cikin ƙasa da sauri, wataƙila ana buƙatar ƙarin ruwa.
- Idan ya cancanta, ƙara ƙarin ƙasa, bayan wannan dole ne a mulkar da'irar akwati tare da wani yanki na bakin ciki na kowane kayan da aka sako: humus, peat ko kawai bushe ƙasa.
A cikin dasa shuki, da ciyawa ba a bukatar babba: rawar da kawai za ta hana bushewa wuce gona da ƙasa
- An dasa ciyawar: babban gangar jikin an bar shi da tsayi ba fiye da 80 cm ba, rassan gefen suna zuwa rabin mita.
Kada ku ji tsoron yanke seedling bayan dasa: zai zama mafi muni idan rauni Tushen ba "shimfiɗa" sassa manyan m
Siffofin Girma
A cikin shekarar farko, ana shayar da iri na mako-mako, yana hana ƙasa bushewa a cikin da'irar kusa. A nan gaba, ana shayar da cherry na Lyubimits Astakhov kamar yadda ya cancanta, ya danganta da yanayin. Ana buƙatar ƙaramin ban ruwa na 3: a cikin watan Mayu a lokacin tsawon harbe, a watan Yuni, tare da farkon 'ya'yan itace ripening, kuma nan da nan kafin ƙarshen lokacin (hunturu watering). Watering ne contraindicated 3 makonni kafin girbi; in ba haka ba, za a rasa kashi mai mahimmanci na amfanin gona, tunda 'ya'yan itacen wannan ceri suna da haɗari ga fatattaka. Watering ne kuma wanda ba a ke so a karo na biyu rabin lokacin bazara, lokacin da matasa harbe ya kamata a lignified, da kuma ci gaban da ya kamata ya daina.
Shekara guda bayan dasa, cherries fara da za a ciyar da. A farkon bazara, 100-150 g na urea ya warwatse a cikin kusa-da'irar kara, da ɗan ƙara jiƙa shi cikin ƙasa. Yayin da itaciyar ke girma, an ƙara adadin bazara na urea zuwa 200 g. A ƙarshen bazara, ana ƙara superphosphate (200 zuwa 400 g) da potassium sulfate (50-100 g) a daidai wannan hanyar. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, an yayyafa itacen bishiyoyin tare da itacen ash (babu sau da yawa ash!).
Duk wani ceri mai zaki ba ya son ciyawa, sabili da haka, kwance ƙasa kuma weeding kusa-da'irar da'irar ana aiwatar da tsari.
Dole ne a yanka irin nau'in cherries na Kudancin kowace shekara. Amma 'ya'yan itatuwa na dutse suna da matukar damuwa ga wannan hanya, musamman ma canjin yanayin sanyi. Saboda haka, pruning zaki da cherries Lyubimitsa Astakhova, girma a tsakiyar layin, ana za'ayi kawai kamar yadda ya cancanta, yankan lafiya, karya da bushe rassan. Amma a lokacin rani, bayan an girbe, sai aka rage gawarwakin saboda sabbin furannin fure sun fi haifuwa. A cikin mafi yawan yankuna yanayin yanayin zafi, wannan hanyar ba a ke so ba. Koda ƙananan raunuka akan ceri ya kamata a rufe shi da gonar var.
Shekarun 3-4 na farko, yayin da yake yiwuwa a zahiri, don hunturu, yakamata a lullube da kananan bishiyoyi tare da rassan tsiro ko na pine, kayan rufin ji ko kayan da ba sa ba.
Matsakaicin tsari don hunturu Lyubimitse Astakhova zai buƙaci 'yan shekaru kawai
Cutar da kwari
Cherry a gaba ɗaya itace mai jure cutarwa, kuma iri-iri Lyubimitsa Astakhova kusan ba shi da lafiya. Yana da juriya ta tsakiya kawai don coccomycosis, tsayayya da sauran cututtuka ana ɗauka yana da girma. Koyaya, a farkon bazara, kafin kumbura suyi toho, an watsa bishiyun da ruwa 1-2% na Bordeaux don dalilai na rigakafi: coccomycosis cuta ce mai haɗari. Idan ya kasance a haɗe, zai fi wahalar yin faɗa, itaciyar da ke da cutar ta yi rauni da sauri kuma tana iya mutuwa.
Coccomycosis yana farawa da alamun aibu marasa lahani a cikin ganyayyaki, amma da sauri yana shafan itacen duka.
Daga cikin kwari, mafi hatsarin gaske shine ceri mai tashi. Wannan tashi guda ce, larvae wacce "tsutsotsi" ne, waɗanda muke samu a cikin fruitsa ofan itacen da ceri. Lokacin da gardama ta tashi, za a iya hallakar da babban yanki na amfanin gona. Digging kasar gona da tsabtatawa na lokaci mai mahimmanci don rage yawan kwari. Futowa tashi da kyau akan koto (compote, kvass), kuma wannan wata hanya ce mara cutarwa don magance ta.
Farin ceri yana shimfiɗa ƙwai da yawa, daga abin da larvae ke harba 'ya'yan itacen suna hatched
Suna ƙoƙarin kada suyi amfani da magungunan kashe guba a cikin cherries, amma don irin wannan nau'in marigayi kamar Lyubimitsa Astakhova, za'a iya yin hakan a ma'ana. Daga cikin magungunan da aka ba da izini sune Phasis da Actellic. Fesa bishiyoyi na wannan nau'in mai yiwuwa ne har ma a matakin samuwar kwayar, amma yakamata a yi amfani da kwari kawai idan akwai gaggawa kuma a tsaurara bisa ga umarnin, ƙarƙashin dukkanin matakan tsaro.
Sake Gani
Kuma Ina son da gaske iri iri Lyubimitsa Astakhova da Sadko. Bã su da manyan, m da m berries. Haka ne, af, ka tuna cewa kana buƙatar dasa aƙalla nau'ikan cherries biyu, kuma zai fi dacewa uku. Idan kun shuka guda ɗaya, to, ba zai haifi 'ya'ya ba, suna buƙatar pollination. Hakanan kuna buƙatar tuna cewa cherries na buƙatar babban yanki na abinci mai gina jiki, don haka kusa da sauran bishiyoyi bai kamata a dasa shi ba (ba kusa da mita biyar da juna).
Kaluzhnitsa
//www.agroxxi.ru/forum/topic/221-%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F/
Shuka cherries mafi kyau.Akwai nau'ikan ban mamaki - Adeline. Bryanochka, Iput, Astakhov da aka fi so ... Miracle Cherry kusa da Moscow ba shi da bege.
Lover
//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=107&start=120
Mafi kyawun nau'in cherries na Urals shine Lyubimitsa Astakhova, Ovstuzhenka, Odrinka, Fatezh, Raditsa. Duk waɗannan ire-iren waɗannan suna jure da sanyi sosai, amma don hunturu suna buƙatar da za a rufe shi da kayan sutura.
Duniyar Berry
//mir-yagod.ru/opisanie-sortov-chereshni/
"Iput", "Bryanochka" suna da kyawawan iri, "ƙwaƙwalwar Astakhov" da kuma "fi so na Astakhov" suna da kyau sosai (biyu na ƙarshe suna cikin lambuna).
Yuri Shchibrikov
//cherniy.ucoz.hu/index/chereshnja/0-61
Ceri mai zaki "Astakhov ya fi so". Ba zan iya taimakawa ba amma sha'awata har ma da girman takarda ...
Sergey
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=11451&st=1140
M cherries Lyubimitsa Astakhova da sauri sami sananne saboda da kyau kwarai iyawa na berries, high sanyi juriya daga itacen da sauƙi na kula da shi. Kuma yawan safarar amfanin gona ya sanya iri-iri sun zama kwastomomi ga kwararrun harkokin kasuwanci.
