Duniyar shuka tana da bambanci da bambanci. Akwai kyawawan furanni waɗanda ke da ƙanshin wari da tsire-tsire masu ƙanshi zuwa mummuna, suna fitar da ƙanshi mai ban mamaki. A cikin duniyar sihiri na bishiyoyi, bushes da furanni, akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda suke mamakin hasashe tare da haɓaka, ikon daidaitawa da yanayin muhalli, da kuma ikon rayuwa a cikin gandun daji da hamada.
A duniya akwai rukuni na tsire-tsire waɗanda suke cikin iyalai daban-daban, amma suna da fasalin gama gari - suna yanka. Zasu iya haduwa a kowane yanki na canjin yanayi da kuma a duk nahiyoyi ban da Arctic. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan tsirrai sune rana.
Predatory plant sundew
Akwai wata fure mai ban mamaki a cikin rukunin tsirrai masu tsinkaye. Dewdrop itace ce mai kwari, wacce take da nau'ikan 164. Kodayake ana iya samo su a kowane ɓangaren duniya, yawancin suna girma a New Zealand da Ostiraliya. Wakilan faɗuwar rana, waɗanda ke girma a arewa, sun fi ƙanƙanin takwarorinsu na ƙasashe zafi. Misali, matattarar hasken rana mafi girma daga Australiya na iya kaiwa zuwa 60-100 cm.
Rosyanka - maharbi kyakkyawa
Rigar rana ta Sarauniya za ta iya cin kwari ba wai kawai kwari ba, har ma da katantanwa, beraye, kwaɗi da yatsun kafa. A cikin kasashen turai tare da yanayin dumin yanayi, zaka iya samun, banda yanayin zagaye mai gama gari (drosera rotundifolia), karin nau'in sundew. A Arewacin Hemisphere, wakilin wannan dangin yana da ganyayyaki masu yawa (drosera anglica) yana haɓaka a cikin fadama. Suna girma akan mosses, a cikin rashi - a kan dutse.
Gini
Dewdrop tsirrai ne mai fara'a, a cikin yanayin rayuwarta na iya samun girma da tsari iri daban-daban. Thearin kudu maso gabas ya faɗi, mafi girma da kauri daga farfajiyar. A Ostiraliya da Cape na Kyakkyawan Fata akwai wasu mutane da ke girma a cikin bushes, wasu daga cikinsu sun kai girman girma (har zuwa 1.5 -3 m tsawo). A cikin latitude arewa yana da yanayin zafi, wannan tsiro yana da ƙanana da girmansa kuma daga waje ya bambanta da mazaunannifar.
Menene kamalar rana? Ka'idojin tsarin duka wakilai na sundew na iyali (Droseraceae) iri ɗaya ne. An tattara ganyen tsiro a cikin wani ɗan fure-fure. A wasu nau'in suna da nau'i mai zagaye, a cikin wasu - oblong. Cilia na iya zama kore, ja ko tan.
Fure, fararen furanni ko furanni sundew sunyi kyau sosai, godiya ga tsayin daka. Yanayi mai ma'ana ya zubar, yayi mata irin wannan tsari.
Tsarin peculiar na tsire-tsire na dabbobi - sundew
'Ya'yan itacen da aka shuka a rana ɗaya kawai suke buɗe. Saboda kwari da kwari zasu iya yin pollin shi kuma kada su fada tarko na ganye mai ganye, fure yakamata ya yi tsayi. Bayan pollination, ana kafa akwatuna tare da ƙananan tsaba. Tushen sundew mai rauni ne. Aikin su shi ne kiyaye fure a ƙasa kuma a shayar da shi daga ƙasa. Zai karbi sunadarai masu mahimmanci da ma'adinai, godiya ga waɗanda abin ya shafa.
Misali, dwarf na rana, wanda ya daina samarda ingantattun enzymes don hakar gishiri daga kasar. Ba duk nau'in wannan dangi sun rasa ikon samun tushen abinci mai gina jiki ba.
Hanyar iko
Don haka menene rana? Me yasa ta sanya tsoro a cikin duk wanda ya faru da ganin ta tafi farauta? Sunan "sundew" shuka da aka yi don kamannin ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ɗumbin m taro a jikin villi na ganye tare da raɓa. Dankin yana da ja ko kore a launi yana da ganye an rufe shi da cilia 25 a gefuna kuma a saman farantin ganye.
A ƙarshen, villi suna da kauri tare da gland shine yake ɓoye siriri mai ƙanshi tare da ƙanshin mai daɗin ƙanshi. Mai jan hankali da kyalli daga dusar ƙanƙan da ƙanshi mai daɗi, kwari ba tare da fargaba sun zauna akan ganye ba suna ɗaure a cikin m. Itataccen tsire-tsire nan da nan ya amsa ga taɓawa.
Ban sha'awa. Idan abu mara kyau (busasshen ciyawa, datti ko ruwan sama) ya fadi akan ganyen magari, to kawai bai kula dashi ba kuma bai ninka ba. Wannan na iya yiwuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa "wanda aka azabtar" na gaba baya motsawa kuma baya tsayayya; har yanzu babu furotin a ciki wanda fure ke buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki.
Yana ɗaure takardar, yana ƙoƙarin kama wanda aka azabtar tare da duk cilia. Idan kwaro ya ci gaba, to ya zama mai narkewar digirin.
A cikin ɗigon ruwa na viscous ruwa, inda ganima ke nutsuwa, ban da narkewar abinci, wasu abubuwan sundews suna ɗauke da abubuwa masu rarrafe. Bayan da ya fada cikin wannan tarko, wanda aka azabtar ya juya zuwa abinci dari bisa dari. Tsarin narkewa a cikin wasu nau'in nutsuwa yana faruwa cikin matsala, a cikin wasu yakan ɗauki kwanaki da yawa.
Bayan an narke abinci, sai takardar ta buɗe, kawai sai an ga ragowar kwari ko dabba a farfajiya. Enzymes da ke narkewa suna iya narkewa har da kananan kerekere na dabba. Daga kwari, kawai harsashin chitinous din ya ragu. Don wani lokaci, rawanin ganye ya bushe. Amma idan fama da yunwa, “hawaye” za su sake fitowa a kan cilia. Itatuwan tsirar rana-sake "fito" don farauta.
Rosyanka "yana da abincin rana"
Ko da midges da sauro ba za su zo fure ba na dogon lokaci, tsirrai ba za su mutu ba. Tushen abincin furotin a gare shi, ga kowane tsiro, zai iya zama carbon dioxide da ƙasa mai wadatar ma'adanai.
Matsayi a cikin yanayi
A cikin daji, hasken rana yana aiki a matsayin mai daidaita ma'auni wanda ke kula da daidaituwa tsakanin flora da fauna. Babu wanda kuma babu wani abu a wannan duniyar kamar haka. Kowane halitta mai rai da ƙarancin abu yana da rawar da zai iya takawa. Wannan yana faruwa tare da shuka shuka.
Idan aka dauke katako a matsayin "mai tsari" na bishiyoyi a cikin gandun daji da ke cin kwari masu cutarwa a cikin haushi, to wannan rana za ta lalata kwari a wurare masu lalacewa. 'Yan uwan Kudancin na fure kuma suna cin manyan wakilan fauna. Dukkanin abin dogara ne akan sa'a mai kyau: toad an kama tarko - sundew yayi sa'a. Masu fataucin ma suna buƙatar cin abinci don tsira.
Tsarin wannan sabon abu da wannan fure yake, yake haifar da tsayayye rosettes, tsawonsa ya banbanta daga 1 cm zuwa 1-3 mm Duk da tsaftataccen tsarin tushe da bayyanuwa mai rauni, waɗannan tsinkayen wasu lokuta suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 50. Tabarke zaune a tsaunukan arewa masu yanayin yanayi suna hutawa a lokacin hunturu.
Ban sha'awa! Danginsu daga Ostiraliya, Argentina ko Afirka suna aiki shekara-shekara. Don tsira daga lokacin rani, suna amfani da tushen tuber don taimaka musu su ciyar daga ƙasa.
Iri sundews
Daga tsire-tsire iri iri, sundews sune suka fi yawa kuma suka zama ruwan dare. Tun da yake ƙarancin ƙarancin Arewacin Hemisphere a Amurka, Turai da Asiya, sundews sun daidaita da kyau, godiya ga yawancin kwari, a cikin wani microclimate mara ruwa. Rashin sinadarin phosphoric, potassium da nitrogenous salts wanda ya samo asali daga ƙasan ƙasa daga marshy ƙasa "ya tilasta" shuka ya juya da hankali ga sabuwar hanyar ciyarwa: ƙwallayen abinci, sauro, daskarewa, waɗanda suke da yawa a cikin cizon.
Godiya ga ganye wanda aka gyara tare da villi sanye da kayan gland, sundews sunsan yadda zasu kama ganima kuma su narke ta hanyar enzymes da Organic acid daga cilia.
Dewdrop cikin yanayi
Ba wai kawai a cikin arewacin hemisphere droser rayuwa. Ba wata ƙasa guda ba, in ban da Arctic, da rana ta hana shi jan hankalinsa. Ana iya samunsa a cikin hamada da sandar Ostiraliya, a cikin yawon shakatawa na Mexico da kuma tsaunin tsaunukan Caucasus. Tun zamanin da, mawaƙa da marubuta, mawaƙa da masu fasaha suna sadaukar da ayyukansu ga wannan “mai kyan gani”, suna ba da kyawawan halayen da ba a taɓa gani ba.
An yi amfani da Ingilishi don kiran sundew mai-tsalle-tsalle "raɓawar rana", wacce ake kira flycatcher. Shi masanin kimiyar halitta na Sweden Karl Linney ne ya fara ba da sunan "Drosera" ("Dew") ga shuka. Tabbas, zubin kwararar m shuka wannan itace daga nesa ana iya kuskure domin dewdrops. Ganin yana da kyau da kuma irin yadda ake karkatarwa, kamar dai hadari ne.
Dewdrop Turanci
Ingilishi Dewdrop (Drosera anglica) an kawo shi daga Hawaii. Ta sami sabon gari a cikin Caucasus, a Rasha, Belarus da Ukraine, a cikin Siberiya da kasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya. Yawancin lokuta ana samun waɗannan nau'ikan masu farauta a Kanada, Amurka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Turai da Japan.
Turanci mai dogon tsani sundew
Yana daidaitawa sau da yawa kusa da zagaye-tsallake da tsaka-tsakin rana. A'idodin wuraren da Drosera anglica sune boho sphagnum tare da ƙasa mai yashi. A wasu wuraren zama, tsire-tsire yana cikin haɗari na lalata, saboda haka an jera shi a cikin Littafin ofan Adam na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a Rasha.
A cikin bayanin Ingilishi rana, wanda zai iya lura da gaskiyar cewa ya girma daga 9 zuwa 24 cm, yana da ganyayyaki masu yawa (9-11 cm) da fararen furanni. Tsaba ya samar a cikin akwati da kuma watsa bayan cikakken ripening.
Mahimmanci! Duk da cewa ingantacciyar rana ta Ingilishi rana ce mai dafin gaske kuma mai guba, ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin likitancin dabbobi da magungunan mutane azaman maganin kashe kumburi, magani mai guba, antipyretic, diuretic da expectorant. Halin kawai don amfani shine amfani da launuka masu lafiya. Baƙin fata masu baƙi suna da guba sosai.
Cape sundew
Cape sundew (Drosera capensis) ɗayan kyawawan wakilai ne na dangin Rosyankov. An girma a gida. Cape sundew yana da ƙananan kara da ganye mai tsayi. Shuka ba shi da ma'ana, tare da kyakkyawan yanayin kiwo, zai iya yin fure tare da fararen furanni duk shekara. Duk da karamin girmansa, kawai 13 cm, yana da kyakkyawan karko.
Cape sundew - ɗayan kyawawan nau'in halittu
Kama wata kwaro da aka makale a cikin ja da fari cilia, doguwar ganye tayi sauri.
Round-biya rana
Wannan tsiro shine ya zama ruwan dare gama duniya. Dewdrop zagaye-leaved (drosera rotundifolia) yayi girma akan kusan dukkanin nahiyoyi. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana iya ganinta a peatlands. Rounded ganye tare da farfajiyar villi suna kusan kusan asalinsu. Flow yana faruwa a watan Yuli.
Rode-leaved sundew - mafi yawan jinsunan dangin Rosyanokov a duniya
Furanni masu furen fure suna bayyana a santimita 19-19; bayan ya farfado a ƙarshen bazara, tsaba a cikin akwatuna. M, amma wannan tsirrai masu tsire-tsire suna da sunaye da yawa na ƙauna: "Allah" ko "Hasken rana", "Rosichka", "idanun Tsar."
Alicia Rosyanka
Afirka ta Kudu gida ce ga hasken rana Alicia. Tsarin ganyen furanni yayi kama da faranti-kananan, kawai tare da yalwataccen cilia. Furen furanni masu ruwan hoda a cikin hasken rana Alicia suna girma a cikin nau'i na inflorescences cystiform. Hanya mai ban sha'awa don farautar shuka don kwari.
Alicia Rosyanka asali daga Afirka
Da zaran wanda abin ya shafa ya fadi a kan cilia, nan take suka kwashe ganima zuwa tsakiyar ganyen. Curling kamar mirgine, ya fara narke abinci. Bayan an gama cin abincin, ganyen ya buɗe kuma bayan ɗan lokaci ya sake rufe ta da kayan ƙyalli masu ƙyalƙyali.
Binata Rosyanka mai hadaddun abu biyu ne
Gidajen sundew binata (Drosera binata) sune yankuna bakin teku da tsibirin Ostiraliya. Ta shahara da kasancewa mafi girman tsire-tsire wanda ya girma zuwa 60 cm a tsayi. Ana kiran furen fure biyu mai cike da kololuwar furanni tare da cilia, wanda ba shi da ma'ana ga sundews na halittar Lopastny.
Rosyanka fadama
Inda rana tayi girma, zaku iya ganowa daga sunan ta. A yanayi, akwai nau'ikan mazaunan fadama. Mafi na kowa sune zagaye-leaved, Turanci da tsaka-tsakin rana. Sun zauna akan kasa mai-marshy da ke fuskantar karancin nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, alli da magnesium.
Tsarin sunataw mai rikitarwa na Binata shine mafi girman nau'ikan Rosyankovs
Farauta da kwari da cin su, suna gyara don rashi abubuwa na ma'adinai, jure yanayin sanyi mai kyau. Za a iya adana ƙwayoyin su a cikin jaka da aka kafa tare da gansandan sphagnum har zuwa watanni biyar. Tare da isowar hasken rana na farko, harbe-harbe na farko suna hanyarsu zuwa ga haske.
Rashin abinci na Sundew
Kamar yadda mutane daga subtropics, da yawa iri na sundews da kyau tushen kuma asali a cikin zaman talala, wato, a gida. Kula da wadannan tsirrai na bukatar musamman. Mafi ban sha'awa a cikin wannan halin shine batun abinci mai gina jiki. Ba za a iya ciyar da Droser ba, yana fatan sake cike kayayyakin da ake buƙata daga ƙasa. Amma a hankali zai yi hankali sosai. Sabili da haka, a cikin mako guda kana buƙatar bayar da ƙusoshin rana sau biyu 2-3, amma ba babba ba.
Girma daga zuriya a gida
Idan kana son yin tsirar rana ko kuma wani yawo a gida, dole ne ka fara sanin irin wannan tsiron. Bayan karɓar bayanin, zaku iya siyan tsaba a cikin shagon musamman, gandun daji ko rubuta ta hanyar Intanet. Ayyuka masu zuwa zasu zama kamar haka:
- a cikin tukunyar fure 10 cm high sa sphagnum gansakuka ko cakuda 70% peat, 30% yashi ko yashi da aka faɗaɗa, moisten da kyau;
- yin takaddama a cikin ƙasa kuma sanya tsaba a cikinsu (da mafi inganci);
- Zai fi kyau a shayar da tsaba a cikin kwanon rufi;
- jira seedlings kuma lura da ci gaban kowace rana.
Rashin abinci na Sundew
Bayan wata daya, ƙwayayen sundew zasuyi girma da girma.
Kulawar Gida
Rashin hasken rana na gida ba ya buƙatar lokaci mai yawa da kulawa. Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai matukar daukar hoto, kodayake yana zaune daidai a cikin inuwa. A cikin rana, ganyenta masu launin rawaya mai haske ko ja, kuma suka kasance kore a inuwa.
Watara da abinci mai gina jiki ya kamata ya dogara da yanayin fure. Idan waɗannan nau'ikan Australiya ne waɗanda ke samar da tubers, to za su iya yin hakan ba tare da ruwa na dogon lokaci ba. Yawancin iri sun fi son ƙasa mai laushi. Alamar farko ta rashin rashin danshi shine rashin jinkirin saukar ruwa a kan cilia. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar nutsar da tukunyar fure a cikin akwati mai fadi da ruwa.
Kula! Shuka ba ya buƙatar ƙarin takin ƙasa. Samun adadin abincin da ake buƙata na abincin dabbobi zai cika bukatun abinci na fure. Za a iya dasa shrin rana kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi, lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe, ko ƙasa ta kamu da cuta.
Girma tsirowar ƙwayar hygrophyte sannan kuma kula da ita aiki ne mai ban sha'awa. Babu shakka mai ban sha'awa idan wannan shuka shima mafarauta ne. Kula da zafin rana a gida ba shi da wahala, kodayake kowane tsire-tsire yana buƙatar kulawa da kulawa. Sabili da haka, kowane aiki dole ne a yi tare da sha'awa, ƙauna da kuma rai.
