Strawberries, ko strawberries strawberries - daya daga cikin farkon lokacin rani berries, da bayyanar da ake jira da jiran da duka yara da manya. Saboda haka, masu yankunan da ke yankunan karkara sun fi son rarraba a kalla karamin yanki domin dasa shi don yin biki a kan itatuwan da ke da kyau da kuma mai kyau. Sau da yawa yakan faru ne, alal misali, a kan mita ɗari shida na filin ƙasa, kuna so ku sanya albarkatu masu yawa don yiwuwa akwai ganye, da kayan lambu, da berries daban-daban a kan teburin. Duk da haka, shafin, kamar yadda suke faɗi, ba rubba ba ne. A wannan yanayin, masu gida sun fara neman nau'o'in iri masu girma. Idan muka magana game da strawberries, to, wannan daidai ne iri-iri "Elsanta", zane-zane na abin da za a tattauna a cikin wannan labarin.
Shin kuna sani? Masana masu kwarewa sun saba wa lambun lambun lambu a cikin shekara - a cikin yanayin gida a kan shimfidar wuta. Don haka, girbi na fari na "Elsanta" ba za a iya taruwa a watan Yuni ba, amma a watan Disamba, bayan da ya yi ado da teburin Sabuwar Sabuwar Shekara tare da sabbin 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Tarihin kiwon waddan strawberries iri "Elsanta"
Strawberry "Elsanta" ya nuna godiya ga kokarin da ma'aikatan Holland basu yi ba tun lokacin da suka wuce - an gudanar da zaɓin iri iri a 1981. Ya kasance sakamakon hanyar ƙetare iri biyu - "Gorella" da kuma "Holiday". Tun daga nan, tare da halaye na wannan nau'in strawberries sun kwatanta dukan sauran. "Elsanta" an hade shi a cikin jerin nau'in iri mafi kyau kuma yana da daidaituwa, irin nauyin yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Shin kuna sani? Mafi mashahuri berries "Elsanta" ana amfani dashi a gida - a Holland da Belgium. A can an fi girma a cikin greenhouses a kan masana'antu sikelin.
Bambancin bayanin
Don haka, bari mu dubi irin nau'o'in nau'in 'ya'yan itace' Elsanta ', don ƙarin koyo game da shi daga cikakken bayanin. Bari mu fara tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa - suna a cikin wannan al'ada na siffar da aka tsara, mai ƙananan haske, mai launi mai launi mai launi. Namansu yana da haske ja, m. A cikin bayyanar 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da sha'awa sosai. Duk da haka, da kuma dandana - suna da dadi tare da kadan acidity, dauke da 7.3% sukari da 0.77% acid. Gwangwani na berries a kan kayan zane kayan zane an kiyasta su a kashi 4.7-5. Su ne ƙananan girman - suna da matsakaicin nauyin kilo 45. Density za a iya karawa zuwa ga babban amfani. Sun yarda da matakan sufuri da kuma ajiyayyu a dakin zafin jiki - har zuwa kwana uku. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sukan sauke daga tushe.
Bushes shuke-shuke girma zuwa matsakaici size, ba su warwatse. Suna samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin katako da kantunan. Dole ne a rubuta kalmomin strawberries "Elsanta", ba shakka, samarwa: daga wani daji yana yiwuwa a tattara har zuwa 1.5 kg kowace kakar kuma har zuwa 74 kg a kowace hectare na strawberry plantings. Kuma kuma tsawon lokaci na fruiting.
Anyi amfani da wani amfani na shuka babban tsayayya da cututtukan cututtuka na kyamarar hoto, mai kyau juriya ga fungal blotch, verticillary za. Gaba ɗaya, ana iya kira iri-iri na marasa kyau - bazai buƙaci ƙarin ƙarin kulawa da kulawa akai.
Daga cikin rashin amfani da strawberry "Elsanta" - matalauta hunturu hardiness (har zuwa -14 ºС) da fari juriya, mai saukin kamuwa da tushen rot da powdery mildew.
Wannan sashi ya dace da noma a cikin ƙasa mai budewa da kuma a cikin greenhouse. An bayar da shawarar ganyayyaki a yankunan tsakiya da kudancin tsakiya. Hanyoyin girma yana da shekaru hudu. Shirya strawberries "Elsanta" - matsakaici.
Berry ne duniya: dace da yin amfani da shi, yin jams, jams, daskarewa.
Shirye-shiryen aikin kafin saukowa
Lokacin mafi kyau don dasa wannan iri-iri shine kaka, amma ba a baya ba kafin rabin rabin Satumba. Idan ka yanke shawarar shuka shi a cikin idon ruwa, to, jira don ƙananan berries.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku dasa strawberries a yanayin zafi, saboda wannan zai iya haifar da bushewa da lalata tsarin tsarin.Land a kan shafin kafin dasa shuki ya kamata a shirya shi da kyau: girka, ya karya duk duniya. Sa'an nan kuma zuba da kyau kuma bar a cikin wannan yanayin na rana ɗaya. Bayan haka, sassauta ƙasa kuma ku yi ramuka.
Lokacin da dasa shuki ƙasa zai iya (amma ba dole ba) takin Organic ko nitrogenous da takin mai magani. Sabili da haka, an shirya cakuda humus ko takin mai laushi (3 kg / 1 sq. M), potassium chloride (10 g), superphosphate (30 g) a cikin tuddai.
Bayan wannan hanya, dole ne a shayar da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi kuma a rufe shi da ciyawa daga ciyayi bushe, humus, peat ko takin. Lokacin da dasa shuki a wannan hanya, strawberries bazai buƙatar taki har zuwa lokacin 'ya'yan itace.
Shirye-shiryen yankakken Strawberry "Elsanta"
Hanya mafi kyau na dasa shuki ga wannan iri-iri zai zama hanya biyu - 30 × 30. Nisa tsakanin ramuka a lokacin da za'a sauya sauya sauƙin aƙalla 25 cm, a tsakanin layuka - 40 cm Zaka kuma iya amfani da makirci mai layi biyu: 80 × 30 × 30. An dasa itatuwan Elsanta a zurfin 8 cm.
Shuka strawberries zai fi dacewa a cikin hadari.
Agrotechnics girma strawberries iri "Elsanta"
Tun da fari ga rashin jin dadi na 'ya'yan itace "Elsanta" Dole ne a kula da kulawa ta musamman lokacin da ake yin irrigating. Yana da mahimmanci a kai a kai a kai a kai a cikin watan farko bayan dasa shuki. Za a gudanar da mako na farko na watering. Bayan - an rage lambar su da ƙarar sau ɗaya a mako. A lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itace, ana shayar da ƙasa kawai yayin da ta narke sauƙi. A cikin yanayin zafi, wannan hanya ne da za'ayi sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 4-5, ta amfani da 8-10 lita na ruwa da 1 square mita. m A musamman a lokacin bushe, waɗanda suke tare da yanayin zafi sosai, strawberries suna bukatar drip ban ruwa, kazalika da tsari daga hasken rana.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba tare da ƙarin ruwa da shading zazzabi + 35-40 ba ºC na iya zama m ga strawberries.Ayyukan kulawa na strawberry sun haɗa da sassauta ƙasa. Ana gudanar da shi sau ɗaya kowace rana 10-15. Har ila yau, kar ka manta game da lalacewar lokaci na weeds.
Lambu ba su bayar da shawarar yin takarda ba. Za'a iya yin bita kawai don shekara ta uku na rayuwa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Sakamakon halayen "Elsanta" yana da ikon yin ƙarfin hali. Idan ba a kara kara ba a farkon kakar, to, a nan gaba Berry zai iya samun ci gaba da haɓaka da kwanciyar hankali.
Idan har yanzu ka fi son yin takin gargajiya, "Elsante" zai zama cikakkun kari biyu - a spring da kaka. Ana yin gyaran ruwan rani a lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke da kuma yanayin sanyi mai dadi. Takin da ake amfani dashi a wannan lokacin dole ne ya ƙunshi nauyin nitrogen.An yi amfani da strawberries a cikin watan Satumba. Yi amfani da kwayoyin, ma'adinai, gauraye, takin mai magani, dafa da hannuwanku, ko ƙananan taki don strawberries, saya a cikin kantin kayan sana'a.
Lokacin yin amfani da takin mai magani ma'adinai, ya kamata ya zama mai hankali da ruwa kawai hanya ce don hana mafita daga samunwa a cikin ganyen shuka. Har ila yau Kada ku motsa daga sashi, don kada ku cutar da strawberries.
Ana shirya strawberries "Elsanta" don hunturu
Tun da iri-iri ne na thermophilic kuma ba ya jure wa frosts, wani ɓangaren mahimmancin kulawa na shuka zai shirya shi don hunturu. Tukuna na aikin sun hada da leaf pruning da ƙasa mulching. Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin bazara kada ku daina dakatar da tsire-tsire, saboda a watan Satumba akwai yanayin zafi da kuma mummunan yanayi. Har ila yau wajibi ne a dauki matakai don sarrafa kwari da cututtuka lokacin da suke faruwa da cire kayan jikin da aka lalata da ɓarna na shuka.
Ina bukatan yanka bishiyoyi strawberry? Wannan tambaya ba ta da amsar tabbacin. Masu adawa da wannan hanya sun tabbatar da haka mutum yana tsangwama ga tsarin ci gaban halitta na amfanin gona na lambu, kuma, bisa ga hakan, ya cutar da shi. Suna jayayya da ra'ayinsu ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa strawberries tare da ganye masu kyau suna tsira da hunturu sau da yawa, yayin da suke taimakawa wajen ceton buds daga frosts. Magoya bayan cire ganye don hunturu shawo pruning entails wani karuwa a yawan amfanin ƙasa na gaba shekara.
Idan ka yi tunanin wannan hanya ya dace, to kana buƙatar sanin yadda za a sare shi yadda ya kamata, don kada ya cutar da shuka. Bayan 'ya'yan itace, ana yanka bishiyoyi na strawberry da almakashi ko shears. Mafi alhẽri a yi a watan Agusta. Yanke kawai farantin launi. Yana da mahimmanci barin barin mai tushe sosai don kada ya lalata maɓallin girma. Duk antennae ma batun cire.
Wasu masu amfani da strawberry gadaje guda daya tare da pruning samar da loosening da hilling bushes.
Bayan haka, gadaje suna shayar da su sosai kuma suna cinye ƙasa. Peat, conifer needles, ganye bushe, da kuma bambaro suna amfani da ciyawa. Kada ku rabu da weeds a cikin fall, ya fi kyau barin wannan hanya don bazara. A wannan lokacin, ba su da hatsari ga strawberries, amma idan aka cire su, zaka iya lalata tushen tsire-tsire waɗanda ba su da lokaci don farfado da hunturu.
"Elsantu" dole ne ya rufe. Don tsari dace rassan conifers, bambaro, bushe ganye, fi. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kayan ado na musamman (agrotex, spunbond, da dai sauransu) tare da adadi na 60 g / sq. m An miƙa su zuwa arc. Lokacin zabar tsari na halitta, za a ba da fifiko ga tums, wanda yake da numfashi kuma ba ya ƙyale ƙananan bishiyoyi su kara.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ana yin tsari ne kawai bayan na farko sanyi. Wannan zai ba da damar shuka don kara.
Idan kun kasance a cikin binciken mafi kyau a gare ku iri-iri na strawberries, muna ba da shawarar ka bar don "Elsanta" strawberry, saukowa da kulawa wanda bazai ba ku matsaloli ba. Amma yawancin girbi zai zama farin ciki sosai.
