Chrysanthemum al'ada ce ta fure ta shekara ko ta shekara ta dangin Astro. Fiye da nau'ikan 29 ana samun su a Asiya, inda yanayin arewaci da yanayin yanayi. Asalinta na asali shine China, Indiya, Japan. A China, an girma a cikin karni na VI BC. e. A cikin Turai, ya bayyana a karni na XVII, a Rasha a tsakiyar XIX. An fassara daga Girkanci yana nufin "fure na rana."
Bayanin kwalliya na daki
Chrysanthemum an girma ba kawai a cikin flowerbed ba, har ma a cikin dakin. Furanni suna girma akan baranda, windowsill. Gida na gida yawanci ƙarami ne, daga 15 zuwa 70 cm.
Rassanta sunyi laushi, suna haɗuwa da tari. Wani inflorescence shine kwando na fure. Girman dansandan ya kasance cm 2.5-5. Yana fure a watan Agusta kuma yana fure har ƙarshen kaka. An shirya ganyayyaki kusa da juna, sun bambanta a girma da sifa: serrated, notched, dissected, light kore a launi. Rhizome branched, tasowa a layi daya zuwa ga ƙasa.
Tsakanin noman furanni, ciyawar daji a cikin tukunya yana da mashahuri, akwai nau'ikan da ba su da fure biyu da ke kama da ciyayi, da furanni kamar ƙwal. Ga ambulan girma akwai crysanthemums a cikin nau'in cascade.
Yaren mutanen Koriya, Indiya, Sinawa daban ne. Launi na furanni fari ne, lemo, Lilac, ruwan hoda. A tsakiyar, launi ya bambanta da furannin a gefuna.
Lokacin sayen lokacin shago, kula da gaban aibobi, lalacewa, yaɗu. Bai kamata a ɗauki irin wannan fure ba, har ma da fure. Ganyenta ya kamata ya zama kore, Tushen ya ƙarfafa, an kafa daji.
Fitowar Chrysanthemums
An rarraba tsire-tsire kamar haka:
- Zuwa ga masu girma dabam: manya-manya-manya da kanana-kasa (kasa da 80 cm).
- A cikin nau'i na inflorescences: terry, bargo, ba ma sau biyu, jere na biyu, cirrus, bristle, anemic.
- Lokaci na hurawa: farkon, matsakaici, latti.
- Tsaro mai tsayi: tsayi (45-60), matsakaici (30-45 cm), tsayayye (15-30 cm).
- Tsarin fure: chamomile, mai sihiri.
Shahararrun nau'ikan don girma a gida
Akwai nau'ikan tsiro na cikin gida fiye da 40, waɗannan su ne Indiyawan, Sinanci (siliki-siliki), Yaren Koriya.
| Digiri | Siffofin | Furanni |
| Duniyar Zinare | Karamin, blooms profusely. | Rawaya. |
| Lelia | Matsakaici zuwa 50 cm. | Terry, bakin duhu. |
| Hazell | Bush har zuwa 50 cm. | Cokali mai fasali, filayen kayan zaki. |
| Orange jam | Spherical, Yaren Koriya. | Orange mai haske. |
| Zembla hade | Manyan fure da manyan harbe. | Fure a cikin kaka, wasu kore a tsakiya, masu launuka daban-daban. |
| Aurora | Tall, matsakaici-sized inflorescences. | Orange |
| Snow elf | Tall mai tushe. | Terry, fari. |
| Fantasy | Bush har zuwa 20 cm. | Hot ruwan hoda, terry. |
| Pink Cascade | A harbe suna fadowa, sa a cikin tukwane rataye. | Ruwan hoda. |
| Meridian | Gajere, mai sihiri, a karkashin furewar fure-ganye ba a bayyane shi. | Rabin-terry, burgundy, rawaya a tsakiya. |
| Fure mai fure | Isan daji kyakkyawa ne, yana girma zuwa mita 0.5. | Terry, ruwan hoda. |
| Okishore | Tayi sama da 50 cm, babban inflorescences 6-8 cm a diamita. | Lilac. |
| Flamingo | Hemispherical, a tsaye daji, inflorescences har zuwa 7 cm a diamita. | Haske mai ruwan hoda tare da dutsen lu'u-lu'u. |
| Talisman | Lush, karamin daji har zuwa 25 cm. | Rasberi |
| Dune | Ya haɗu zuwa cm 50. Yana canza launi yayin furanni. | Haske, tan. |
| Dusar ƙanƙara | Har zuwa 35 cm tsayi, wutar daji. | Fari. |
| Yaro Kibalchish | Fiye da 50 cm tsayi kuma kusan 60 fadi. | Ja, shunayya. |
Yarda da fure zuwa yanayin daki
Bayan shagon, an sanya Chrysanthemum daban, saboda akwai haɗarin kai hari ta hanyar kwari da kamuwa da wasu furanni. An sanya tukunya a cikin wuri mai dumi da haske, kar a ruwa da takin.
Lokacin da buds suka yi fure, suna yanke, suna dasa shi cikin sabon akwati da ƙasa mai narkewa, bayan nazarin tushen da cire sassan da ke lalacewa.
Kula da daki Chrysanthemum
Don cimma furanni, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta dace a gida: haske, zazzabi, shayarwa, fesawa a kai a kai, ciyar da shuka.
| Gaskiya | Lokacin rani | Lokacin bazara / kaka | Hunturu |
| Wuri, Haske | Gabas, taga ta yamma. Hasken rana daga karfe 7 zuwa 10. | Dakin duhu. | |
| Zazzabi | + 20 ... +23 ° С. | + 15 ... +18 ° С. | + 3 ... +8 ° С. |
| Watse | Da maraice, sau biyu a mako tare da dumi, ruwan daɗin zama bayan bushewar ƙasa. | Sau daya a mako. | |
| Haushi | Mafi girma, kuna buƙatar fesa ganye, sanya iska. | Ba a buƙata. | |
| Manyan miya | Tun daga tsakiyar watan Agusta, takin potash da phosphorus. | Spring Spring, sau ɗaya kowace kwanaki 12. Autumn phosphorus tare da potassium. | Ba a buƙata. |
Yadda za a dasa chrysanthemum
Ana dasa bishiyoyin matasa a kowace shekara, manya a kowace shekara 2-3, yawanci a watan Maris. An zaɓi tukunya tare da ramuka magudana 2 cm fadi da 1.5 l zurfi fiye da na baya. Ceramic, yumbu ne mafi kyau.
Don ƙasa ta gauraye ƙasa gona, humus, peat, yashi ƙanƙara 3: 1: 1: 1. Ka lalata ƙasa (ruwan zãfi da manganese ko a cikin tanda). Kuna iya siyan kayan da aka shirya a shagon don fure. An sanya yumɓu mai yalwa ko vermiculite a ƙasa; ana iya amfani da bulo mai fashewa. An canza shi ta hanyar jigilar daji gaba daya na daji ko kuma ya kasu kashi kananan.
Samuwar daji mai kyan gani
Don ba daji kyakkyawan bayyanar da tsawan furanni, sanya tsari. The fi na fure suna pinched a farkon Maris, har sai da farkowar furen. A karo na biyu - kafin samuwar buds, a tsakiyar watan Agusta. Ganyen rawaya, na bakin ciki, an murguɗa rassan an cire.
Manyan nau'ikan furanni suna kama da itacen, suna rage babban tushe kuma suna datse ƙananan rassan.
Yadda za a ta da da fure na Chrysanthemum
Yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye dokoki da yawa don shuka ya yi saurin sauri:
- Ruwa mai yawa, yana hana ƙasa bushewa.
- Hasken rana yayi awa 12.
- Lokacin ƙirƙirar buds, shuka ya kamata ya tsaya a wuri mai sanyi + 13 ... +16 ° C.
- Duk da yake ƙananan ƙananan sun kasance, cire ƙananan ƙananan, bar babba kawai.
- Lokacin da duk buds suka buɗe, samar da ingantaccen haske.
- Dasaka cikin abinci mai fadi.
- Ciyar da nitrogen kafin fure.
Yadda za a kula da Chrysanthemum bayan fure
Yankuna na shuka suna gajarta bayan fure, suna barin cm cm 10. Duraya, an yanke waɗanda aka lalace. Ana sanya akwati tare da fure a cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki na + 3 ... +8 ° C, ana shayar da sau ɗaya a wata. Idan ana so, bar wuri guda. A farkon dasa dashi.
Dankali mai yaduwa da aka dasa
An shawarci Chrysanthemum don yaduwa ta hanyar cuttings, rarraba daji, da wuya tsaba.
Bayan sun kai shekara uku, a ƙarshen bazara sun tono daji, suna ƙoƙarin kada su lalata tushen sa. Yanke tsoffin harbe. Ayyukan suna zaune.
Yanke na Chrysanthemums a cikin fall a gida
Wata daya kafin a fara aiki bayan tsawon lokacin hutu, a bazara an canja tukunya zuwa zafi, inda + 10 ... +12 ° С. lokacin da aka kafa ganyayyaki 4-6, ana aiwatar da yanke itace. An shirya ƙasa daga humus, ƙasa mai yashi da yashi (1: 2: 0.5), daga saman yashi 2-3 cm. An yanke yankan tare da tsawon 8 cm, tsoma cikin Heteroauksin, Kornevin. Suna dasa 1.5 cm a cikin kwano tare da ƙasa. Rufe tare da fim, sanyawa tare da zazzabi na + 17 ... +20 ° C. Danshi a kai a kai. Bayan makonni 2, bayan tushen, ana dasa su cikin tukwane. Hakanan ana amfani da yankan daga bouquet.
Yanke a cikin kaka ana rarrabe su da gaskiyar cewa ana amfani da harbe-girma daga rhizome na ciki. Sannan shuka zai yi fure a watan Afrilu.
Mataki-mataki na Actions:
- Zaɓi daji mai igiyar ciki.
- Yanke sashin sama a ƙarƙashin tushe.
- Jira har sai rassan tushe suka bayyana kuma suka girma da cm 8.
- Tona daji da wuri a cikin kwano tare da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki.
- Rike makonni 3 a zazzabi na + 5 ... +7 ° C. (a cikin gidan kore, ginin gida).
- Ruwa matsakaici.
- Lokacin da aka kirkiro harbe-harbe matasa tare da 2-3 internodes, an haƙa su daga daji na uterine, an dasa su a cikin ƙasa.
Tsaba
Da wuya. Sayi a cikin shago, saka a cikin ƙasa, yayyafa da yashi, tare da rufe fim. Ana yin ƙasa sosai lokaci-lokaci. 'Ya'yan itacun farko sun bayyana makonni biyu baya. Lokacin da aka kafa ganye uku, ana shuka su daban.
Cutar da kwari
Furen fure mai laushi ana iya samun sauƙin bayyanuwa ga cututtuka da kwari.
| Bayyanar Leaf | Dalili | Matakan magancewa |
| Grey da kuma sanyaya farin ciki. | Grey rot. | Aiwatar da magunguna: Topsin-M, Fundazole. |
| Bottomasan haushi da rawaya, aibobi masu launin ja. | Septoria | An yanke ganyayyaki masu kamuwa da cuta kuma an lalata su, ana bi da su tare da farin ƙarfe na Chloride. |
| Ruwan yana da launin toka. | Powdery Mildew | Fesa Bordeaux ruwa, Topaz, Sling. |
| Kodadde kan layi, saman lemun tsami. | Tsatsa | Yi amfani da jan karfe na jan ƙarfe, Abiga Peak. |
| Rawaya, kasala, harbe suna mutu, Tushen ya shafa. | Verticillosis. | Bi da Glyocladin, Trichodermin, dasawa. |
| Shude, juya launin shuɗi, kashe. | Naman gwari a cikin ƙasa. | An yanke sassan da abin ya shafa, an watsa shi cikin sabuwar ƙasa tare da pH na 6.5-7. |
| Kananan aibobi. | Musa. | An yanke wa marasa lafiya, dasawa. |
| Abubuwan launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi, bushe, faɗuwa a kashe. | Nematode. | An cire sassan da abin ya shafa, aka dasa shi, aka yi shi da kwari. |
| Karkatarwa, nakasa, kada ka buɗe buds. | Aphids. | Sarrafawa daga Actellik, Fitoverm. |
| Tsan haske digiri a ƙasa, launin toka-launin toka a saman. | Thrips. | Intavir, Ana amfani da Decis don sarrafawa. |
| Kodadde rawaya tare da farin aibobi. | Spider mite. | Ana bi da shi tare da maganin sabulu mai sauƙi, Fufan, Fitoverm. |
Mr. Mazaunin bazara ya ba da shawarar: mai kare kariya daga rigakafin ƙwayar cuta ta Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum yana da kaddarorin da yawa masu amfani. Ya ƙunshi magungunan phytocides, suna tsarkake iskar abubuwa masu haɗari, gas. Lokacin da kuka sha ƙanshi na fure, mutum zai sami nutsuwa, don haka inji yakan taimaka wajen rage damuwa.
A cikin furanni akwai mai mai mahimmanci wanda ke ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi kuma yana ƙarfafa garkuwar jiki, har ma da maganin antioxidants, bitamin, shayi chrysanthemum yana maganin sanyi, tari. Don daidaita yawan bacci, kuna buƙatar ku ɗanɗana petals na Chrysanthemum.
A Japan, fure alama ce ta tsawon rai, farin ciki, hotonta yana nan akan hatimin sarki. Dangane da alamun ƙasashen gabashin, idan kun ɗauka tare da ku - don cin nasara cikin ƙauna, kuma idan yarinya tayi wanka tare da fure, zai zama kyakkyawa ga maza.
