Shuka pears

Peculiarities na girma pears daga cikin iri-iri "Moskvichka"

Daya daga cikin shahararrun pears shine "Muscovite". Wannan itace mai 'ya'yan itace mai banƙyama ya kawo yawan amfanin ƙasa na pears kuma baya buƙatar kulawa na musamman.

Shin kuna sani? Pear "Muscovite" an bred by free pollination na seedlings na "Kieffer" iri-iri. Ita ita ce wadda ta zama mafi yawan nau'in pears a yankin Moscow.

Pear "Muscovite", cikakken bayani

Pear "Muscovite" yana da wadannan bayanin:

  • Wadannan suna da 'ya'yan itace masu' ya'yan itace da kambi mai launin rami. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na tsofaffi suna da siffar siffar da kambi mai yawa.
  • Ƙananan ganye ne ƙananan, m a girman kuma suna da daraja a gefuna. Leaf ba tare da baki ba, mai santsi, a tsakiya.
  • Fure-fure a cikin wani kwano, fari. A cikin racemes inflorescences akwai 5-7 furanni.
  • 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na da nauyin kilo 135, launin kore-kore. Jiki na pear yana da m, m, yana da dandano mai dadi da ƙanshi mai haske.
  • Ana iya adana 'ya'yan itatuwa na dogon lokaci kuma suna da gabatarwa. An yi amfani da su don sanya jams, compotes, jams, marmalade, 'ya'yan itatuwa dried, da dai sauransu.
Daban iri iri "Muscovite" yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa, ko da a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Daga itace daya amfanin gona ya kai 50 kg. Pears ya kai 'ya'yan itace a shekaru 4-5 bayan dasa, kuma' ya'yan itatuwa sun fara a ƙarshen Agusta ko tsakiyar watan Satumba. Kwayoyin 'ya'yan itace ba sa da itatuwa. Don dogon ajiya, zai fi kyau girbi har sai alamun balaga ya bayyana. Sa'an nan kuma, pears zasu fara sannu a hankali da kuma tsaftace ajiyayyu a cikin yanayin dakin.

Fasaha na dasa shuki

Domin "Moskvichka" pear suyi tushe kuma suna da 'ya'ya, dasa shuki da kulawa dole ne ya dace da kuma auna. An dasa shuki a cikin kaka (farkon Oktoba) ko spring (Afrilu-Mayu), kuma yafi kyau zabi wani wuri a kusa da nau'in pollinator (Lada, Marble, M Efimova, Moscow Bergamot, Lyubimitsa Yakovlev).

Zabi wani wuri mai saukowa

Ya kamata wuri ya zama lebur, ya bushe da kyau. Ya dogara da adadin dandano mai haske: karin haske, mafi kyau dandano. Pear bai jure wa danshi cikin ƙasa ba. Tabbatar cewa ruwan karkashin kasa yana da zurfin ƙasa ba ƙasa da mita 2.5 ba, in ba haka ba itace zai mutu. Wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i ne.

Yana da muhimmanci!Kada ku dasa pear a ƙasa mai yumbu, kuma idan banda ba haka ba, to, ku yi rami mai saukowa da ƙasa mai dacewa.

Alamar wuri

Domin itacen ya zauna kuma ya saba dacewa da sabon yanayi, ya kamata ka san yadda za a dasa kwalliyar Moskvichka daidai. Saboda haka dole ne muyi la'akari da wadannan matakai:

  • an shirya rami don dasa shuki a makonni biyu kafin saukowa.
  • don dasa shuki seedlings a cikin bazara, kana buƙatar shirya rami a cikin fall;
  • zurfin zurfin - 1-1.2 mita, diamita - 80 centimeters;
  • wuri mai zaɓa ya cika da ƙasa mai kyau.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa: Mix manyan kasusuwan ƙasa da 3 buckets na naman alade, guda biyu na yashi, gilashin superfoot, 3 tablespoons na potassium da 1 kilogram na kwayoyin halitta.

  • cika rami tare da ƙasa dafafa kuma rufe shi da dolomite gari (lita 10);
  • Zuba buckets na ruwa guda biyu ka bar ramin don kwanaki 14 ko har sai bazara.
Dasa pear seedlings:

  • jiƙa da tushen seedlings a cikin ruwa ga jiragen ruwa don dasa shuki.
  • yanke rassan;
  • yanke da tsaka a tsakiyar sashin rami (50 cm);
  • sanya rufi na ƙasa kusa da peg kuma sanya seedling a cikinta;
  • ko'ina daidaita da tushen;
  • cika rami da seedling ba tare da taki;
  • Tabbatar cewa ƙwarƙashin kyanda shine 5-7 cm sama da kasa;
  • tamp da ƙasa a hankali kuma zuba 3 buckets na ruwa cikin rami;
  • ciyawa ƙasa a kusa da seedling da humus;
  • daura seedling zuwa peg.
Bayan dasa, tabbatar cewa ƙasa a kusa da seedling ba ya bushe. Kar ka manta da sassauta ƙasa zuwa zurfin 15 cm. A lokaci, cire weeds kewaye da pear - wannan zai taimaka kauce wa bayyanar cututtuka da kwari.

Yadda za a ruwa a pear

Ko da yake pear "Moskvich" da itacen 'ya'yan itace marasa amfani, amma har yanzu yana bukatar wasu kulawa. Culturing cultivation of pears "Muscovite" lambu sukan yi mamaki: "Yadda za a ruwa da itacen don haka ya fi kyau 'ya'ya"? Babu wani abu mai wuyar gaske game da shi. Ya kamata a shayar da kananan bishiyoyi sau ɗaya a mako, da safe da maraice. Game da lita 10 na ruwa ana cinye kowane itace. A lokaci guda, ruwan ƙasa ya kamata ya kai 50-60 cm cikin zurfin.

Lokacin da pear ya yi 'ya'ya, ana gudanar da ruwan sha daga farkon Yuli har zuwa karshen Agusta, kuma tsarin mulkin ya dogara ne akan yanayin. A watan Satumba, gabatarwar ruwa ya tsaya.

Taki pear "Muscovite"

Yana da muhimmanci!Samun fure bayan flowering yana da muhimmanci don inganta inganci da yawancin amfanin gona.
Zaka iya ciyar da pear daga shekara mai zuwa bayan dasa shuki da seedling. A cikin bazara, an haɗa itatuwan da ammonium nitrate (20 grams da mita 1). Kowace shekara uku, kar ka manta da yin takin gargajiya - superphosphate (50 grams da mita mita), takin (rabin guga ga kowane itace), potassium sulphate (20 grams da mita mita). Zai fi dacewa da takin bishiyoyi a cikin fall, to, ana amfani da abinci mai kyau.

Dokokin don yankan "Muscovites"

Pear "Muscovite" yana buƙatar gyaran lokaci don ƙayyadadden bayanin kambi da kuma samfurinsa. Za'a iya farawa a shekaru biyu, kuma babban aikinsa shine thinning da rage rassan.

Pear Pruning

Yanke pear a farkon spring ko marigayi kaka, wanda zai taimaka wajen haifar da kwarangwal mai karfi na itace wanda zai iya tsayayya da nauyin girbi na gaba. Zai fi kyau a yi pruning mai layi. A lokaci guda kuma, wajibi ne a yanke rassan don a rarrabe rassan skeletal a cikin nau'i na uku a nesa da 40-50 cm. Har zuwa rassan 4 za a kasance a kowane wuri. Da farko, kana buƙatar yanke da harbe daga gangar jikin, sa'an nan kuma rassan da suke girma a layi daya zuwa ga akwati a cikin shugabanci na tsaye. Kada ku bar hagu, amma kada ku janye masana'anta. Lalacin lalacewar zai warke don dogon lokaci. Saboda haka, tare da dacewa sosai, itace za ta kara karfi kuma zai iya jimre wa nauyin sabon amfanin gona.

Pruning seedlings

A lokacin da dasa shuki seedlings, rassan suna pruned zuwa uku na tsawon. Anyi wannan don su iya samar da kambi da sauri.

An raunana pear matasa har zuwa 50-60 cm daga ƙasa. Wannan yana karfafa ci gaban sabon harbe da buds.

A cikin itace mai shekaru biyu, an yanke katako zuwa tsawon. Saboda haka, 4-5 harbe ya kamata ya kasance a kan babban sashi, a wani kusurwa na 45 ° zumunta da tushe. Tabbatar da yanke katakai da girma cikin rassan, amma kada ka cire fiye da kashi 25 cikin dari na rassan rassan, zai iya rinjayar tasirin itacen.

Girbi da kuma kare 'ya'yan itatuwa

Idan an zabi wurin da ake kira "Moskvichka" iri-iri daidai, da kuma dasa kanta da kulawa na kula da namo da aka yi bisa ga duk bukatun, to, da girbi zai kasance quite high.

Kuna iya tara 'ya'yan itace daga farkon watan Satumba har zuwa karshen watan, kuma don tabbatar da sifofinsu, kula da launin fata. Idan ya riga ya fara juya launin rawaya, to lokacin ya yi girbi.

Zai fi dacewa wajen girbi 'ya'yan itace kafin cin abincin rana, domin yayin da yawan zafin jiki ya taso, sunyi zafi sosai kuma za'a iya adana su. Lokacin da aka girbe, an yalwata 'ya'yan itace a yatsunsu kuma aka ajiye su, don haka harkar ta zauna a kan pear. Kada ku girgiza furanni daga itace, in ba haka ba za su doke kuma baza a adana su ba.

Shin kuna sani?Idan ka karya rassan a girbi, to, a shekara ta gaba itace zaiyi kasa da 'ya'yan itace, tun da yake dukkan ƙarfinsa da ƙarfinsa za a yi amfani da su don sabuntawa.
Mafi tsawo duka "pero" Mushivite "ana adana a 0 ° C. Ba su rasa halayarsu da dandana 2 - watanni 2.5 bayan girbi. A cikin dakin da zafin, ana iya adana 'ya'yan itatuwa fiye da makonni biyu.

Saboda haka, nau'in nau'in pear "Muscovite" yana daya daga cikin shahararrun mutane a cikin lambu, ba kawai unguwannin bayan gari amma har wasu yankuna. An ware shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun kyawawan abubuwa. Yana da damuwa ga cututtuka da kwari, kuma ana adana 'ya'yan itatuwa na dogon lokaci kuma suna da dandano mai kyau. Tare da dasa shuki mai kyau da kulawa da pear, zai ji dadin ku da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dadi waɗanda suke dacewa da shirye-shiryen hunturu, da kuma kayan shaye-shaye da sha.