Ba don kome ba cewa lambu kamar shuka dahlias a flowerbeds, saboda wadannan furanni suna da misali wanda ba a iya kwatanta shi ba. Dabbobi daban-daban na dahlias sun bambanta a cikin sassan da yawa: girman tsawo, girman da siffar buds, tsari na ƙwayoyin fata, yanayin yanayin girma da kulawa, da launi gamut.
Ƙananan game da launuka na kaka
Sunan na biyu shine furen Dahlia, sunaye sunaye sune: I. Georgi da A. Dahl. Dahlias na cikin iyalin Astrov, ƙasashen kudancin Amirka ana daukar wurin haifuwa na furanni.
Shin kuna sani? Ƙungiyoyin mayan na mayan kafin bukukuwan tsarki sun yi ado da gidajensu tare da dahlias. Aztec kabilu girma dahlias a matsayin tsire-tsire magani da amfani a abinci. Indiyawa sun dauki waɗannan furanni a matsayin manzanni na alloli, kyautai na rana kuma suna bauta musu.
Ba shi yiwuwa a fada game da dukkanin iri - akwai fiye da dubu goma daga cikinsu, amma kaɗan kalmomi za a iya magana game da mafi yawan mutane. Bayanin dahlias zai iya zama ko dai gigantic ko dada.
Sufinsu suna da siffofi da launuka daban. A cikin cactus dahlias petals kama da rassan needles, kamar yadda aka juya cikin tube.
Ana nuna bambancin spherical dahlias ne ta hanyar tsaka-tsakin ƙasa tare da ƙuƙasa ƙirar ƙirar buƙata mai siffar ƙira. Pompon dahlias yayi kama da jinsunan da suka gabata, amma karami a girman.
Yawan dahlias da dama suna karawa, kuma launi na launi yana baka bakan gizo - launuka masu yawa da ɗakunan waɗannan launuka na gaskiya.
Yadda za a shuka dahlias
Dukkan ire-iren ƙasa suna dace da tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin yanayin haihuwa, friability da danshi da ke da damar. Ba'a ba da shawara don dasa su a kusa da ruwan karkashin kasa - dahlias ba su yarda da danshi ba.
Yana da wanda ba'a so a shuka kusa da tsire-tsire da tushen karfi, kamar yadda suke cire duk kayan gina jiki daga ƙasa. An shirya kasar gona don dahlias, yana lura da kimanin tsinkaye: humus spade, tsuntsaye na cin nama, dan kadan laka. Kafin dasa shuki, rami na 30x30 cm cikin girman ya cika har zuwa rabi tare da wannan cakuda.
Terms of saukowa a cikin ƙasa bude
A cikin watanni na biyu na watan Mayu, ana dasa shuki da idanu. Girma seedlings - a farkon Yuni, lokacin da frosts an cire.
Zaɓin zabin yanayi da shiri na ƙasa
Shaidar takardun shaida, buɗewa da kuma shimfida wuri - Wannan shine wurin da za ku iya dasa dahlias. Babu buƙatar shuka a kusa da manyan fences da ganuwar, kusa da bishiyoyi ko tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire: inuwa bazai yarda da dahlias su ci gaba da bunkasa ba.
Kafin dasa furanni, ƙasa ya kamata a sassauta shi ya kuma yayyafa shi da kashi. Don kare rigakafin da ke cutar da asalinsu, zaka iya yin kwari a cikin ƙasa. Idan shuke-shuke marasa lafiya suna girma kafin dahlias, bi da ƙasa tare da formalin ko jan karfe sulfate.
Shiri na tubers don dasa
An saka tuber a cikin kasa na fossa, tare da tsalle-tsalle. Suna fada barci tare da ƙasa, suna shayar da shi, kuma yayin da suke girma suka yayyafa ƙasa don rufe shi gaba daya. Tubers da sprouts kafin dasa su da kyau shayar, sabõda haka, kasar gona a kan tushen da za a rushe, to, ana dasa shi tare da ƙasa a rami.
Yadda za a kula da dahlias a kasar
Kula da dahlias ba bambanta da kula da wasu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba: da hankali, dacewa da shayarwa, da tsaftacewa, tsaftacewa da tsoma baki tare da cike da abinci mai kyau.
Watering da ciyar da ƙasa
A cikin yanayin zafi, ana bukatar shayar da furanni a kowace rana, a ƙarshen kakar da aka rage ruwan sha. Zai zama abin da zai dace don feshi dahlias a maraice tare da saka ruwa a dakin da zafin jiki. A lokacin lokacin ci gaba, ana bada shawara don ƙulla dahlias don kada su karya ƙarƙashin nauyin kansu.
Domin dahlias suyi girma da kyau, suna bukatar a ciyar da akalla sau uku a lokacin rani tare da takin gargajiya. Zai iya zama dung ko tsuntsaye tsuntsaye da aka shafe su da ruwa. A lokacin flowering flowering sau biyu a watan, ana furanni furanni tare da tashe-tashe da phosphorus.
Ajiyewa da weeding kasar gona
Bayan kowace watering shi wajibi ne don sassauta ƙasa, saturating shi da oxygen. Bayan kafawar dahlia buds, kasar gona a kusa da tushen yana mulched tare da humus ko peat.
Yana da muhimmanci! To buds ta doke m da kuma fluffy bloomed, kana bukatar ka cire ƙananan harbe a lokacin girma da dahlias. Yi fitar da hanyar pasynkovaya kafin a daura buds.
An cire ƙananan ɓangaren ƙananan ɓangaren ƙananan, an bar daya ko biyu masu lafiya daga uku buds a cikin inflorescence. Har ila yau, an cire alamar infrarescences don kada su jinkirta cigaban buds.Noma yana da muhimmanci - cire weeds ya hana cututtukan cututtuka da gina jiki. A cikin lokacin fari, yana da kyawawa don spud da tsire-tsire, saboda haka danshi zai šauki tsawon lokaci.
Gwadawa da adana ɗakin kazlia a cikin hunturu
Ya cancanci sanin yadda kuma lokacin da za a cire dahlias don ajiya don hunturu. Lokaci na digging ya danganta da yanayin a yankinku, yawanci farkon ko ƙarshen Oktoba, kafin farkon fararen sanyi.
Dole ne a yanke mai tushe na shuka tare da mai ba da izini, barin 15 cm. A hankali kuyi shi don kada ya lalata tushen. Alal misali, forks, yin digging daga dama tarnaƙi. Ka bar su makonni biyu a cikin wuri mai sanyi, sa'annan a saka su a cikin kwalaye, tare da rufe yashi da peat da kuma adana a cikin cellar.
Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci yana da mahimmanci a bincika ko asalin ba su da lafiya, ko sun bushe. Idan tushen ya bushe, zaka iya dan kadan da ruwa da ruwa.
Hankali! Kafin barin tubers don ajiya a cikin cellar, yana da kyau don magance su da wani bayani daga lemun tsami ko toka daga cututtuka.
Dahlia Riba hanyoyin
Don samun lush, flowering, shuka mai kyau, yana da muhimmanci a san yadda za a shuka dahlias daidai. Babban mulki shi ne inganci da lafiyar kayan dasa kayan. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire dole ne su yi girma, kuma cuttings dole ne kananan ƙananan kuma harbe.
Tushen tushen bangare
Babu wasu girke-girke masu rikitarwa don girma dahlias daga tubers. A lokacin bazara, idanuna suna bayyana akan bishin dahlia, kamar kan dankali. A wannan lokaci, zaku iya raba rassan, ku ajiye su na rabin yini.
Raba da tsire-tsire ana shuka su a cikin kwalaye a cikin ƙasa mai laushi. Ka bar wuyan tuber. Yanayin zazzabi dole ne a kalla 15°C. Lokacin da ake yin watering, yana da kyawawa don kada a yanke a kusa da wuya. Lokacin da dahlias aka shuka a cikin bazara a ƙasa shine watan Mayu.
Cuttings
Ana yin shinge a tsakiyar hunturu. Da farawa, sai ku dasa bishiyoyi, sa'annan a yanka su daga bisan su girma zuwa 7 cm tare da wani ɓangare na abin wuya. Ana zuba ruwan a cikin tukunya da ake zaba domin yankan.
Kuna iya aiwatar da matakai na yankan "Kornovin", sa'an nan kuma dasa a cikin tukunya, ruwa mai tsabta da iska. Lokacin da cuttings germinate, za ka iya shuka su a cikin ƙasa bude.
Shin kuna sani? A lokacin da yankan da Dahlia a yanke, harbe sake sake. Wannan yana ba ka damar karɓar kayan gona har zuwa sau uku.
Shuka dahlias daga tsaba
Ana amfani da wannan hanyar kiwo don shekara-shekara da kuma dahlias guda biyu, da kuma sababbin iri. Tare da hanyar iri, dahlias sau da yawa rasa halayen kyawawan nau'o'in su, suna da rashin lafiya. Idan ka yanke shawarar propagate dahlias tare da tsaba, za a iya shuka su duka a cikin ƙasa da kuma cikin kwalaye na seedlings a cikin hunturu.
Cututtuka da kwari da dahlias, magance su
Dahlias ne mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka masu yawa: hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, kwayan cuta da fungal. Lokacin da bidiyo mai hoto rawaya zobe Kwancen ganye suna ado da rawaya da launi mai haske.
Bronze daban-daban walƙiya mai haske a cikin tsakiyar ganye, yayin da ganye suka mutu. Mosaic virus kullun ganye. Tsire-tsire tana tsiro da talauci da kuma fure, daga al'ada daji ya zama dwarf. Oosa mosaic wanda ke nuna kyan gani a bishiyoyin bishiyoyi. Abin baƙin ciki shine injin da ya tsayar da cutar ya kamata a lalace, kuma kayan aikin da kuka aiwatar da su ya kamata a tsabtace su, kamar yadda ƙasa take.
Labaran kwayar cutar da ciwon daji. A karo na farko, ana bunkasa girma a kan tushen tsarin shuka. Tushen na rushe da gurɓata ƙasa a kusa da su, kwayoyin cuta masu cutar da ke cikin ƙasa har zuwa shekaru biyar. Na biyu shine halin bayyanar walƙiya mai laushi mai haske. A cikin wadannan cututtuka, ana lalata tsire-tsire.
Cututtuka don yaki da: verticillosis, spotting, blackleg, powdery mildew da lalata. Alamun wadannan cututtuka: wani duhu, thinned stem (black legyellowness kuma kwatsam ze (verticillosis), yellowing da lalata (fararen launi) farin scurf (powdery mildew).
An shafe shi da man fetur, dole ne a yaduda shuka tare da shirye-shiryen da ke dauke da jan karfe, sannan kuma maimaita hanya bayan makonni biyu. A wasu lokuta, an yanke yankunan da suka shafi abincin da aka lalata, kuma sauran suna bi da wasu kwayoyi wanda za'a saya a kowane kantin kayan ado.
Cizon kwayoyin da ke kai hari dahlias: aphids, thrips, bedbugs, wireworms, nematodes. Idan sun bayyana, fesa shuka tare da bayani na chlorophos, kuma za'a iya amfani da jiko na taba akan aphids.
Kayan waya, musamman ma larvae, kazalika da caterpillar kabeji, nematodes da woodlice ana buƙatar girbe, sannan kuma kuyi ruwa da karbofos.
Dahlias a kan shafinku zai kirkiro launi na musamman. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna da kyau a cikin kansu, kuma a hade tare da wasu shrubs da furanni konamental. Duk abin da suke bukata shi ne kulawa da kula da lokaci.
