A shuka kamar chard, ko gwoza, Har yanzu ba a yalwata a cikin latitudes ba. A halin yanzu, ana jin dadin gaske a kasashen Ruman. A can an cinye shi a kan layi tare da alayyafo, saboda amfaninta ga jikin mutum basu da ƙasa. A cikin wannan labarin mun ba ku shawarwari don dasawa da kulawa da ganye a cikin gonar gonar. Duk da haka, da farko za mu fahimci abin da chard yake da abin da ake ci tare, don haka don magana.
Shin kuna sani? Mangold wani tsire-tsire ne. Tsohon Helenawa da Romawa sun shiga cikin gonarta. Ba abin mamaki ba ne wannan al'ada ana kiran shi da kabeji na Roman. Daga baya an shigo da shi zuwa sauran kasashen Turai.
Bayani na chard da iri
Mangold - Wani nau'i na musamman na gwoza, wanda, ba kamar dangi na dangi ba, yana da tushen inedible da ganye da kuma petioles. Wannan kayan lambu na kayan lambu ne na iyalin blooming. An yi noma salatin salatin a Amurka, Turai, Japan, Indiya da wasu ƙasashe. Ganye na ganye - mai kyau, mai launi, mai zurfin mita 30-40. Dangane da iri-iri, suna da launi daban-daban - ja, kore, kore-m, m-purple. Tushen wannan shuka bai samar da kome ba. Akwai nau'i biyu na chard: rami (petiolate, tsawon lokaci) da kuma leafy (shnitt-chard, chard-chisel). Tsarin, tare da ganye, sun dace da abinci da petioles. Su masu fadi ne, kuma suna da launi daban-daban: kore, rawaya, ja.
Shin kuna sani? Chard wani kayan abinci mai mahimmanci ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ganye da petioles sun ƙunshi yawan bitamin (C, B1, B2, A, K), salts na baƙin ƙarfe, phosphorus, sodium, alli. Chard - kayan karamar calorie, 100 g kawai 19 kcal.
Akwai nau'in launi na ganye da yawa, wanda ya bambanta a launi na mai tushe, ganye da petioles, da siffar ganye. Mafi yawancin su shine "Emerald", "Scarlet", "Belavinka", "Green", "Lyon", "Spinach" da sauransu.Ya kuma nuna nau'ikan da kayan ado da petioles masu launuka daban-daban, curly da wavy foliage. Wadannan sun haɗa da, misali, "Yellow-wood", "Red-stalked", "Silver Curly", da dai sauransu. Baya ga gonar, ana iya dasa su a gadaje da mixborders.
Abin da chard yake buƙatar ci gaba
Chard - tsire-tsire marasa amfani, noma da kulawa ba su da wata matsala ta musamman kuma suna da kama da irin noma gwoza. Da ke ƙasa za ku sami shawarwari game da juyawa amfanin gona na amfanin gona, da zaɓin wuri, da zaɓi na ƙasa da hanyoyi na dasa shuki a ƙasa.
Chard Precursors
Zai fi kyau shuka shuke-shuke a wuraren da tsire-tsire suke girma, lokacin da suka girma, takin gargajiya, irin su albasa, cucumbers, dankali, an gabatar su a cikin ƙasa. Don kiyaye ka'idodin gyaran gona na hatsi, ba dole ba ne a shuka shi a wuri daya kowace shekara, yana da kyau a mayar da amfanin gona zuwa wannan ƙasa bayan shekaru uku. Har ila yau, ba a bada shawara don shuka shuka a wuraren da aka dasa alade, kabeji, da kuma beets. Da farko, wajibi ne don yin wannan don kare ganye daga cututtuka daga cututtuka da kwari.
Shin kuna sani? An yi amfani da ganye na Chard don yin salatin, naman gwal, borscht, kayan lambu da kayan lambu. Caviar an shirya daga stalks, pickled da stewed. Gwaninta yana da alamar alayyafo da zobo. Ana amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na petioles don dalilai na asibiti a cikin cututtuka na jini.
Haskewa ga chard
Chard ba ta da haske game da hasken walƙiya, yana iya girma a cikin wuraren bude gonar da kuma inuwa mai duhu. Duk da haka, yana da muhimmanci a san cewa tare da isasshen shayar ganye da ganye na ganye da yawa suna da girma a hankali kuma ba zai ba da manyan ganye ba tare da haske mai kyau. Har ila yau, a cikin tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin inuwa, ana iya adadin yawan nitrates.
Menene ya zama ƙasa don dasa shuki da ganye
Gurasar ganye za ta iya girma a kowace ƙasa, amma zai zama mai dadi sosai da nama lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin ƙasa m da m tare da tsaka-tsakin acidity. Ganye ba ya jure wa kasa sosai sosai. Kafin shuka, yana da shawara don takin kasar gona da humus ko takin (3-4 kg / 1 square mita). Duk da haka, wannan ya kamata a yi a cikin fall. A cikin bazara, ana amfani da takin gargajiya kamar 12-14 days kafin shuka.
Shin kuna sani? An samo Beetroot a sakamakon samfurin chard da sauran nau'in daji.
Yankunan saukowa
Don dasa shuki ta hanyar amfani da tsaba ko seedlings. Hanyar Rassadniy ba ta dace ba. Lokacin da dasa shuki a ƙasa a ƙasa, zai dogara ne akan tsawon lokacin da kake son girbi. Bugu da kari, shahararrun masu bada shawara ba su shuka shi da wuri ba (kafin Afrilu), don kada su fada cikin rassan sanyi. Kodayake tsire-tsire mai sanyi ne - tsaba zasu iya shukawa a zafin jiki na + 4-5 ºС da kuma jure wa wasu gishiri, ya fi kyau shuka a yanayin zafi. Mafi m ga su za su kasance 18-20 ºС. Idan burin ku ne girbi na farko, za ku iya amfani da hanyar seedling ko shuka a karkashin fim. 
Dabbobin daji za su kasance masu shirye su ci 90-100 days bayan dasa shuki, sura kwanaki 60-70 daga baya. Don samun sabbin ganye a kan tebur na dogon lokaci kuma a farkon kwanan wata, ana bada shawarar dasa shuki a cikin wasu lokuta uku: a farkon mako na Mayu, a tsakiyar Yuli (girbi zai fara a farkon spring) da kuma kafin hunturu. Mafi kyawun lokacin da za a shuka a karo na farko zai zama farkon watan Mayu. Kafin dasa shuki tsaba, wajibi ne don shirya rijiyoyi na kowane iri. A nisa tsakanin rami ne 25-30 cm tsawo, tsakanin layuka - 35-40 cm (25 cm na ganye iri). Tsaba zurfi cikin ƙasa ta 2-2.5 cm.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku shuka ganye a cikin tsalle. Gidaran daji zasu iya haifar da ci gaba da cututtukan fungal a cikin tsire-tsire.
Yawan matakan samari, wanda ya samo asali daga namo daga tsaba, ya kamata ya bayyana cikin kimanin kwanaki 20. Ɗaya daga cikin iri yana ba da dama harbe, don haka seedlings zasu buƙata su zama na bakin ciki, su bar raguwa tsakanin su 40 cm don nau'in petiolate da 10 cm na ganye. Don kara ninka salatin ka, zaka iya tattara tsaba da kansu. Ƙwararrun gwaji an yanke kuma an dakatar da su don maturation. Gwanayen chard daidai ne a cikin sauran beets. Dole ne a adana su cikin takardun takarda. Germination da suka riƙe na shekaru uku.
Tunda yawancin launi na ganye tare da taimakon seedlings ba haka ba ne, za muyi magana a taƙaice yadda za a dasa katako tare da tsirrai. Babban amfani da wannan hanyar zai zama cewa ta wannan hanya yana yiwuwa a cimma girbi na baya. Zaka iya shuka shuke-shuke don seedlings a farkon Afrilu. Kafin shuka tsaba don seedlings, ya kamata a soyayye don wata rana.
Tun da tushen tsarin chard yana ci gaba sosai, yana da muhimmanci don zaɓar babban kwandon ko gwangwani na mutum don seedlings. Nisa tsakanin noma ya zama 25-30 cm. A cikin bude ƙasa, an shuka shuka idan ya kai shekaru 3.5-4.5 da girma na 8-9 cm, a farkon ko a tsakiyar Mayu. Ana iya dasa shi sosai - ajiye tsaka-tsayi na tsirrai 15-20 tsakanin tsire-tsire. Da girbi, amfanin gona zai kasance a shirye a cikin kimanin wata daya lokacin da ganye ya kai tsawo na kimanin 25 cm.
Yadda za a kula da chard a waje
Kodayake gonar katako a fili ba ta haifar da wasu matsala ba, duk da haka don samun kyakkyawan girbi a cikin manyan ganye, wajibi ne don kula da tsirrai. Kulawa zai kasance a cikin lokaci na sassaukar ƙasa, watering, ciyarwa da kuma kau da peduncles.
Kula da ruwa da tsire-tsire
Ƙasa a ƙarƙashin katako dole ne a sako shi a lokaci-lokaci domin ya halakar da weeds kuma ya taimaka wajen samun oxygen zuwa tushen. Tabbatacce loosening ya zama bayan watering da ruwan sama sabõda haka, babu ɓawon burodi siffofin. Takarda yana zama kamar damshin (amma ba m), saboda haka ya kamata a shayar da shi sosai, musamman ma lokacin bushe. Tsawancin ban ruwa zai dogara ne akan yanayin, amma ya fi kyau idan yana da akalla sau ɗaya a mako.
Yana da muhimmanci! Rashin ruwa mai lalacewa zai iya haifar da ci gaban powdery mildew akan shuka.
Yadda za a takin shara
Salatin ganye yana da kyau sosai wajen gyarawa. Duk da haka, a lokacin da aka aiwatar da wannan hanya, kana bukatar ka san ma'auni, tun da yawancin takin mai magani zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamako - cutar da shuka. Cunkuda mai yawa yana barazana ga tarawar nitrates a cikin shuka. Ciyar da katako ya zama wajibi ne bayan kowace yanke ganye ko petioles. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da bayani na urea (10 g / 10 l na ruwa), mullein (1: 5), ƙwayar kayan lambu.
Kwaro da kuma kula da cututtuka na chard
Mangold zai iya shafar cututtuka da kuma cutar, musamman saboda rashin dasawa da kulawa. Yawancin launi da ganye sau da yawa ana fallasa su zuwa powdery mildew. Hanyoyi masu kyau don ci gaba da wannan cututtuka sunyi ruwan sama mai tsawo kuma mai dadi mai tsanani, da lalacewa ta hanyar parasites. Babban bayyanar cutar wannan cuta ne mai launi mai tsabta a kan ganye. A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi a cikin wannan cuta, za a bada shawara akan maganin sulfur, nitrogenous da phosphorus-potassium. Tare da shan kashi na powdery mildew, an kawar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ana yin spraying tare da shirye-shiryen da aka ba da izini.
Har ila yau, a kan ganye za su iya samar da naman gwari wanda ke haifar da cutar "baki kafa". Kwayoyin cututtuka - ganye sun bushe, mai tushe ya juya baƙar fata, tushen ya bushe. Haka kuma cutar zai iya haifar da mutuwar shuka. A lokacin zafi, mutuwa zata iya faruwa a hankali - kawai kwanaki shida bayan farawar cutar. Don kare yakin daga bakin kafa, sai a dasa shi kawai a kan gadaje a tsabtace tsabta a cikin fall. Dole ne ku bi yanayin matsakaici na watering.
Tsuntsu, gurasar aphid, beetroot, wireworm suna da cutarwa ga ganye. A cikin yakin da ake yi da kwayoyin cutar, matakan tsaro, kiyaye ka'idodin gyaran gona da aikin injiniya ya zo gaba. Tun lokacin da aka yi amfani da wani yanki sama da ƙasa don cin nama, da amfani da kwari ba wanda ba a ke so ba. Ya kamata a yi amfani da su kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi kuma tare da rarraba sassan parasites. Lokacin zabar kwayoyi, za a ba da fifiko ga masu amfani da ilimin halitta da ba su da haɗari ga mutane da kuma yanayin.
Chard: Girbi
Sakamakon katako, wanda aka shuka a watan Afrilu-Mayu, za'a iya yanke daga farkon Yuni zuwa ƙarshen lokacin kaka idan an buƙata. Sun karya tare tare da stalks a tushe. Da sau da yawa don yanke da zanen gado, mafi yawan za su girma. A matsakaita, daga 1 square. m shuke-shuke da kakar, zaka iya tattara 1 kg na kore.
Shin kuna sani? Don iyali na mutane uku ko hudu, yana da isa ya dasa shuki biyu ko uku leaf beet bushes.
A cikin nau'in shuke-shuke, kawai ana cin abinci ne kawai. Ƙarin abincin waje waje bai dace ba. Yana da kyawawa don cin ganyayyaki na ganye a ranar girbi. Yawancin za a adana shi, ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki zai kasance. Bugu da kari, yana da sauri. A cikin firiji, ana ajiye kayan da aka wanke a cikin jakar filastik fiye da kwana biyu.
Ko da yake chard leaf gwoza ne mai perennial shuka, yana da al'adar girma shi a matsayin shekara-shekara a cikin gidãjen Aljanna abinci. Duk da haka, idan ka tabbatar cewa zai iya ciyarwa da kyau a lokacin hunturu, bayan rufe shi da kyau, zaka iya tabbatar da cewa sabbin ganye suna bayyana a farkon lokaci. A cikin hunturu, an yanke tsire-tsire a tushen kuma an rufe shi da wani lakaran ƙasa, peat, sawdust, ganye. A yayin girbin girbi a wurinsa, za ku iya shuka ganye da ganye sosai.
Mangold yana kara karuwa sosai a yankinmu, musamman saboda kayan lambu ba shi da kyau a cikin kiyayewa, sanyi mai sanyi kuma ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu yawa masu amfani ga jiki. Idan ya dace kuma a farkon matakan shuka shi, to, za ku iya cimma cewa zai zama farkon ganye na bitamin da zai kasance a cikin ɗakinku bayan lokacin hunturu avitaminosis.
