Yawancin inganci ya dade yana da saninsa don warkaswa da magunguna masu amfani.
Bugu da ƙari, itacen inabi mai ban sha'awa a lokacin rani yana ba da sanyi, mai haske kuma yana taimakawa wajen samar da zaman lafiya da ta'aziyya kusa da gidan.
Domin yaduwar kyakkyawan inabin inabi, dole ne a ƙayyade iri-iri, wanda shine wurin da ya dace.
Hakanan da sha'awarsu ga iri-iri da kanta (juiciness, sweetness, launi da girman da Berry, ƙarfin girma da wasu halaye).
Bambancin bayanin
Galadar innabi iri-iri ne nau'in innabi inji, wanda aka samu daga ƙetare uku innabi iri: Talisman, Vostorga da Vostorga Moskatnogo. Al'adu wata siffar innabi ne mai matukar wuya.
Bunches
A tari na Galahad sosai manya-manyan, moderately m Hrona, 600-1100 g kowace. Dukansu suna da siffar cylindrical. Gwaran-manya manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa (10-12 g) na Galahad suna launin amber-rawaya, cike da nama mai nama, kuma an rufe su ba tare da fata ba. Gwaran dandano na wannan iri-iri suna da tsayi sosai, kamar yadda albarkatunta suke da dadi sosai kuma basu da kyau.
Yawo
Yaran iri-iri na Galahad suna da kyau. An shafe shi a kowace shekara, wanda ya ba ka damar fara yawan adadin berries. A lokaci guda, wasps ba na son Galahad berries, kuma kada ku lalata su. Wannan iri-iri yana kawo yawan amfanin ƙasa. Amma akwai muhimmiyar alama. Na farko fruiting na Galahad, ko da yake yana da yawa yawan, an tilasta iyakance don sauƙi da itacen inabi. Kuma riga an girbe girbi na gaba.
Term ripening
Galahad wata nau'in inabi ne wanda yake da farkon lokacin girbi. Ya fara har zuwa karshen Yuli, cikin watanni uku zuwa uku da rabi daga lokacin rushewa na farko buds.
Kwayoyin cuta
Wannan al'ada tana dauke da mafi girma a tsakanin 'ya'yan innabi a yau. Galahad ne mai karfi da girma da cutar, ciki har da fungal, iri-iri na inabõbi. Yana da tsayayya ga kwari. Wannan iri-iri ne mafi yawan hunturu-hardy, kuma yana jurewa rage yawan zazzabi zuwa -25 digiri. Da kyau kuma an dafa shi kuma yana da babban rayuwa na cuttings. Berries ba su fashe kuma ba su lalace, wanda ba ka damar girbi a cike. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kuma sun jure wa harkokin sufuri.
Abubuwa marasa amfani
Galahad inabi yana da kusan babu kuskure. Abinda ya zama nau'i na wannan iri-iri shine dabi'a don fadar cikakke berries daga 'ya'yan inabi.
Yanayin shimfidar wuri
Ana shirya don saukowa
Kiwo innabi iri-iri Galahad da kuma seedlings da cuttings. Har ma da cututtukan kore, wanda aka kafa a watan Yuli ta hanyar stepson, take tushen. Kuma suna yin haka ta wajen ajiye rassan rassan inabinsu cikin kwalba cike da ruwa mai zurfi. Don 'ya'yan itacen inabi, sai a yanke rassan innabi kowace shekara ta 7-8 buds.
Ganye inabi, ya zama dole don daidaita ƙayyadaddun wuri. Ya kamata a yi kyau, kuma kusa da shi kada ya girma girma bishiyoyi, kamar yadda suke rufe yankin da ake so. Saboda wannan dalili, ba a shirya gonar inabin a tsakiyar gonar ba, kuma za a zabi masa gine-gine na dumi da kudancin shafin. Zaka iya shuka shuka da kusa da ganuwar gidan, yayin da ke barin mita ɗaya da rabi daga gare su.
Don dasa shuki inabi, ko da yaushe zabi cuttings tare da tushen tushen tsarin. Tabbatar wannan shine faduwar faɗuwarsu daga cikin ganyayyaki daga shuka a cikin kaka. An haramta yin izinin bushewa daga cikin tushen seedlings, kuma saboda wannan an nannade su a cikin mai magana da yumbu. A cikin hunturu, ana tsire tsire-tsire ta ƙasa, kuma a cikin irin wannan jihar ya kasance har sai lokacin bazara, lokacin da za a dasa ta a mazaunin da aka tsara.
Kafin dasa shuki, an shirya shi sosai. A karshen wannan, tushen da aka sanya tare da ƙuƙwarar ƙira, waɗanda aka sanya su cikin mash. Idan akwai harbe guda biyu a cikin harbi, wanda aka fi karfi ya ragu kuma an cire wanda ya raunana, yayin da mai karfi ya yanke zuwa biyu ko uku buds. Yanzu seedling yana shirye don dasa.
Ramin don dasa inabi
Lokacin da dasa shuki na innabi, dole ne a gano shiri na rami don ita. Ana dasa shuki daji don duk bishiyoyi da itatuwa an shirya a gaba. Sabili da haka, idan an shirya shuka don bazara, an shirya rami a cikin kaka, yayin da a cikin rassan ya cika da rabi na madarar ƙasa da taki. Idan saukowa yana dacewa a cikin fall, to, zurfafawa a cikin rani.
Wurin da aka shirya a baya, zai hana rabuwa da wani rhizome na shuka a lokacin da ake zaune a ƙasa.
Don ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire grooves 40-50 cm, yayin da girmansa ya zama kimanin 80 cm a girma. Yana cikin rami na girman wannan cewa za'a iya zubar da kayan abinci a cikin adadin da ya isa don girma da kuma na farko na amfanin gona. Idan ka sa rami ya fi ƙanƙara, shuka za ta yi girma cikin talauci kuma ta yi girma a hankali. Harshen rami, a lokaci guda, yayi kowanne nau'i (square, zagaye), ba kome ba.
Bayan an haƙa rami, shirya cika ta don cakuda ƙasa. Rabin rami yana cike da saman Layer na kasar gona da aka kwashe daga wurin, ya haɗa shi da taro na humus, ash da superphosphate. Kuma idan ƙasa shine yumbu, to, an kara yashi a daidai da yawa tare da ƙasa. An samar da shi don shigarwa da iskar oxygen da danshi cikin ƙasa. Ash da humus an gabatar a cikin adadin 2-3 buckets da rami.
Idan an shuka shuka a cikin sabon rami, ƙasa, wadda take ƙarƙashin rhizome, tana da kyau sosai, don haka tsawon lokaci, lokacin da ƙasa ke zaune, tushen baya karya. Mun sanya seedling a cikin wuri domin tushen tsarin yana 30-40 cm zurfi, da kuma yayyafa shi a kan 10 cm tare da ƙasa da aka rufe a karkashin tushen, sa'an nan kuma mu cika rami tare da ƙasa riƙi daga cikin gida.
A lokaci guda, duk lokacin da muke ƙara ruwa zuwa rami kuma karami ƙasa a cikinta. Ramin ba ya fada barci gaba daya - wannan zai haifar da bunƙasa ci gaba. Kusa da shuka, a cikin zagaye za mu bar 5-10 cm na rami, 30 cm a diamita Idan dasa shuki ƙasa yashi, zurfin dasa yana ƙaruwa kuma yana da 55-60 cm Wannan zurfin ya hana rhizome na shuka daga daskarewa zuwa sanyi mai sanyi.
Masana ilmantarwa sun bada shawara akan ƙayyade matakin ruwan ƙasa a yankin kafin dasa shuki amfanin gona. Ba abu mai kyau ba ne don dasa inabi a ƙasa, inda ruwan karkashin kasa yana da nisan mita biyar daga farfajiya.. Ga dukan nau'in innabi, mafi mahimmanci a girma, dacewa na tsawon itacen inabi, wanda ya kamata ya faru kafin zuwan sanyi.
Sabili da haka, yayin da yake kusa da ruwa yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da girma da tsire-tsire na al'ada, rassansa ba su da lokaci su yi girma a lokacin dacewa, kuma a cikin yanayin sanyi, sun mutu.
Tsarin wuri
A lokacin da dasa shuki wani itacen inabi, tuna cewa wannan iyali ne, saboda haka wani shuka yana buƙatar goyon baya, wanda za'a iya ɗaura shi a baya. Don wannan dalili, dole ne a bar sararin samaniya don sakawa da dama goyon baya, tsakanin wanda za'a miƙa waya. Za a daura harbe na shuka da shi, kuma duk daji za a sanya shi a baya.
Akwai har yanzu hanyoyi da yawa masu ban sha'awa, ta hanyar yin amfani da shi wanda zai yiwu a cimma noma da sauri da kuma ci gaba da ci gaba da inganci. Wannan hanya ce ta hanyar kwalliya. An dauki shi mafi mahimmanci, koda yake ɗan lokaci yana cinyewa, amma sakamakon yana da daraja.
Biyan wannan hanya Ya kamata a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai bude, amma a cikin akwati kwali, ko ƙananan filastik jaka ba tare da kasa da saman ba. Yawan ƙarfin ya kamata ya zama girman, game da lita 10 lita. Tushen bai isa ganuwar ba. Shuka ta shuka a cikin ƙasa. Bayan haka, don sauƙin motsi, an sanya akwati a cikin akwati maras nauyi, wanda, tare da shuka, an sanya shi a cikin ɗakin dumi.
Bayan dan lokaci, cuttings zai fara girma, kuma bayan buds sun watsar, dole ne su bar mafi kyau biyu, cire sauran, sa'annan su motsa ganga zuwa taga sill. A lokaci guda, wurin da za a zaɓa dole ne mai dumi da haske. Bayan fitowar wuta a waje, a lokaci guda ya kamata yanayin ya kasance dumi sosai, ana daukar akwatin a waje.
Na farko, don daddar da shi an sanya shi a cikin inuwa, sa'an nan kuma a hankali ya koma wurin wuta, yayin da ake yin watering. Lokacin da barazanar bazarar sanyi ya ƙare, ana shuka tsaba zuwa wuri na ci gaba.
Mutane da yawa suna amfani da wani mafi sauki tabbatarwa hanya. Kimanin kwanaki 14 kafin a dasa shuki, asalin sunyi dan kadan a kan cuttings. Sa'an nan kuma seedlings an sanya su a cikin sawdust (10 seedlings a daya ganga), pre-steamed, kuma an sanya wannan a cikin wani wurin dumi. Bayan kwanaki 14, seedlings ya kamata girma.
A wannan lokaci, duniya za ta dumi kuma ana iya dasa su a cikin ƙasa wadda aka riga aka shirya. Wannan hanya yana kara girma na kakar daji don watan kalanda, yayin da itacen inabi zai fara da wuri, kuma a cikin shekara mai zuwa al'ada za ta yi farin ciki da farko.
Lokaci
Transplanting da dasa shuki inabi inabi a cikin kaka da kuma bazara. A cikin bazara, ana dasa bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa a tsakiyar Mayu. Sa'an nan kuma, lokacin da aka kafa yanayin sanyi mai sanyi da kuma yawan zafin jiki na duniya a zurfin gilamin rami, zai zama akalla digiri 10. A cikin kwalaye da kwandon kwari da aka dasa a watan Afrilu. A cikin fall, ana dasa shuka inabin kafin ingancin farkon sanyi, kuma wannan shine watan Nuwamba.
Har ila yau, yana da sha'awa a karanta game da girbi inabi.
Kula
Kamar kowane shuka, inabi suna bukatar kulawa da kulawa. Akwai wasu siffofin kula da al'adun inabõbi. Kula ya hada da matakai irin su watering, mulching, hiding, pruning da fertilizing. Duk wadannan matakai suna da muhimmanci ga shuka, kuma yana da muhimmanci ga shuka. Ba tare da su ba, itacen inabi zai yi girma sosai kuma yana da 'ya'ya, kuma a wasu lokuta ma ya mutu.
Watering
Wani muhimmin mataki a kula da gonar inabin shi ne daidai da dace watering wannan shuka. Rashin ruwa mai yawa a ƙasa yana cire oxygen daga gare shi, kuma tushen asarar nitrogen zai iya ciyawa, kuma hakan zai haifar da mutuwar shuka. Watering da inabi, la'akari da nauyin girma da kuma al'adun girma. Yana buƙatar inabi lokacin da furanni suka fara, bayan flowering, a lokacin ovaries da girma. Idan akwai fari a waje, inabin ya kare ta wurin shayar da ruwa kafin ya rufe shi don lokacin hunturu.
Rabin ruwa don watering a daji shine 30-40 lita, kuma an yi shi tare da lokaci ɗaya 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 7. Idan yanayin yana da zafi, watering yana ƙaura zuwa sau 2. Ana bada shawarar a shayar da inabai a musamman, wuraren da aka shirya, da ake kira malalewa.
Mulching
Mulching na ƙasa a karkashin 'ya'yan inabi ana aiwatar da ita domin adana yawan isasshen ƙasa a cikin ƙasa na dogon lokaci. Ciyar da ƙasa a cikin bazara. Sanya shi rotten bambaro, auku ganye, weeds, sunflower husks, takin. Wadannan gaurayawan suna kwance a ƙasa ƙarƙashin inabi a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi, sannan an shayar da shi sosai. Saboda haka, ana ƙin ciyawa, yana ajiyewa, kuma zai riƙe ruwan da ake bukata don shuka don dogon lokaci.
Mulch shine ƙarin kariya ga rhizome na shuka daga yanayin sanyi. Sabili da haka, ana duba yanayinta a cikin fall kuma, idan ya cancanta, an ƙaddamar da ƙarin ƙwanƙwici.
Harbouring
'Ya'yan inabi suna cikin albarkatun gona waɗanda suke fitowa daga yanayin zafi. Ya sosai kula da sanyi kakar. Ƙananan juyayi sune 'ya'yan itace na' ya'yan inabi. Sun riga sun amsa da zazzabi -1, -2 digiri. Kwayoyin shuka ba su da matukar muhimmanci, amma haɗarin su shine yanayin zafi.
A wannan lokacin, harbe ya rasa abin da ake kira hardening, har ma da karamin digo cikin zafin jiki zai iya hallaka su. Ba sanyi-resistant da tushe na shuka.
Da aka ba waɗannan halaye, ana nuna 'ya'yan inabi ga shuke-shuke, mafi mahimmanci, ɓoye don hunturu. Ana haifar da shi a cikin watan Oktoba, kafin taron farko ya rage. Kafin a dasa gonar inabin. Rufe shuka tare da polyethylene, kayan abu na musamman, ko dusar ƙanƙara da ƙasa.
Pruning
An shuka amfanin gona don samar da wata daji (wannan shine na farko zuwa hudu zuwa shekaru biyar na girma na ƙwayar matashi), don daidaita yawan amfanin gona, da kuma hana shi daga thickening da kuma kula da kambi na kafa. Pruning samar a cikin bazara da kaka. Haka kuma yana yiwuwa thinning da plucking stepchildren a lokacin rani.
Kwananyar tsire-tsire suna jurewa ta hanyar tsire-tsire ba tare da jin zafi ba, kamar yadda ya hana bazara "kuka" na itacen inabi. Amma a lokacin irin wannan pruning, wajibi ne a bar kayan abinci na maraice a kan shuka, tun da zai yiwu cewa zasu lalace a lokacin hunturu, tsari don hibernation da bayanan bayan shi.
Taki
Itacen itacen inabi ne wanda ke tsiro a wuri guda. Saboda haka, ya zaɓa daga ƙasa a tsawon lokaci duk abubuwan da ke amfani da shi don bunkasa, samar da abinci da kuma girma.
Don kauce wa lalacewa na ƙasa, yana da daraja takarda ƙasa a ƙarƙashin inabi tare da abubuwa daban-daban abubuwa a kowace shekara.
Bushes suna ciyar da takin mai magani a kaka da kuma bazara. Lokacin da ake ciyar da shuka, dole ne a hade da takin mai magani daidai, kuma ya yi amfani da su a wasu lokuta masu cin ganyayyaki. Yawan adadin ma'adinai da ake buƙatar da ingancen inabin sun ƙididdiga ne bisa girman yawan amfaninta. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da takin gargajiya a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya hada da humus da takin gargajiya, peat da dropsing tsuntsaye.
Tare da wannan Babban taki daga wasu kwayoyin halitta, ana duba dabbobi da yawa daga cikin gida, ko takin, wanda aka shirya sosai a gaba a cikin wani sashe daban.
Organics taimakawa a cikin kaka, da kuma nitrogen da phosphorus abubuwa ciyar a cikin bazara. Don cimma matsakaicin sakamako, ana amfani da takin mai magani tare da ruwa kuma ana amfani da su zuwa 40-60 cm zurfin a cikin rhizome zone, kuma wannan radius na kimanin 1 m.
Kariya
Kariyar kare giya samar da sunadarai. Dalilin wannan magani shine ya hana bayyanar irin nau'o'in kwari da cututtuka a kan shuka. Bayan haka, kowa ya san cewa sau da yawa ya fi sauƙi don hana cutar fiye da bin tsarin da ke faruwa.
Daga yankakken tsire-tsire suna bi da shi tare da cakuda Bordeaux, har ila yau, kashi 3% na jan karfe oxychloride ma cikakke ne. Ko daga magungunan kwari da kwari a cikin bazara, a kusa da gandun daji an yadu da nitrafen. Don yin wannan, ɗauki kashi 3% na bayani. Saboda wannan, kasar gona tana cike. Nitrafen har yanzu yana iya tsoratar da mice da sauran rodents.
Daga oidium inabi kare potassium manganic acid, wanda aka kara zuwa saman dressing foliar. Haka kuma, kare lafiyar cutar da mullein (bayani), da colloidal ko sulfur. Duk wani aiki na bushes ya kamata a yi kafin flowering ko bayan shi.
Daga mice da sauran rodents, shuka za ta taimaka kare kullun da aka ji, taya ko gashin gashi mai tsabta wanda aka kone a gabansa, sanya a karkashin fim din hunturu. Har ila yau, mice ba sa farin ciki da ƙanshi na katako.
