Inabi su ne al'adu na musamman, wanda aka cinye ba kawai sabo ba, amma kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin shirye-shiryen kayan abinci, salads, compotes, juices kuma, ba shakka, kowane irin giya.
Akwai abubuwa da yawa irin wannan al'ada. Sun bambanta da dandano, launi na berries da kuma ikon yin amfani da aikace-aikacen.
Don dandana, 'ya'yan inabi sun rarraba zuwa ga talakawa, solanaceous, nutmeg da isabel.
Bisarar inabi ne mai arziki a cikin kwayoyin acid, Baminamin B da ma'adanai. Wannan al'ada yana da darajar magani. Yana taimaka wajen magance cututtukan koda, cututtukan zuciya, har ma da asma.
An yi amfani da Berry a yadu sosai a cosmetology. Ana amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan inabi a cikin maganin ƙaura, don inganta rigakafin da kuma hana gajiya mai tsanani.
Don gonar inabin inabi da aka yi wa ado ko tsakar gida, yana da muhimmanci a kula da wasu daga cikin asirin noma. Shirin dasawa yana da mahimmanci ga albarkatu masu yawa, wannan kuma ya shafi inabi.
Yanayi na zabi na cuttings
Domin amfanin gonar inabin su ji dadin girbi na berries da kuma inuwa mai kyau na itacen inabi mai shekaru masu yawa, yana da muhimmanci don ƙayyade irin amfanin gona da kake son mafi kyau ga dandano kuma abin da ya fi dacewa don girma a yankinka.
Bred inabi daga tsaba da kuma vegetatively. Daga zuriyar, sababbin tsire-tsire masu girma suna girma ne kawai ta hanyar shayarwa a yayin girbin sababbin iri, kuma yaduwar ganyayyaki ya dace mana.
Akwai da yawa hanyoyin ciyayi innabi:
- dasa shuki
- reshe na sanda
- Hanyar sarrafawa
A lokacin yaduwa na shuke-shuke, dukkanin hadarin halittu na uwar daji ana kiyaye shi a cikin shuka. Wannan hanya ta dogara ne akan kyakkyawar fasalin fasalin wannan al'ada.
Wannan fasalin yana halayyar dukkan bangarori na itacen inabi: asalinsu, da mai tushe, da petioles na ganye, da kafafu na inflorescences da berries. Godiya ga wannan, 'ya'yan inabi daidai dawo, ya warkar da raunuka da ganye bayan an lalace ta hanyar hunturu sanyi.
Amma don shuka sabon daji yana yiwuwa ne kawai daga ɓangaren ɓaure na inabõbi wanda akwai toho. Don wannan Ana harbe harbe, bayan haka an shuka irin (stalk), a shirye don saukowa.
Akwai hanyoyi da dama masu dogara don inganar innabi. Kuma idan kun yi amfani da wasu daga cikinsu, to, kuyi shuka zai zama kyakkyawan daji ta ƙarshen rani na gaba.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne, lokacin da girbi hatsin, ya zama dole a zaɓi itacen inabi, wanda ya zama cikakke, game da 1-1.2 m cikin tsawon, da kuma 6-10 mm a diamita. A hankali, rabo daga juzuɗin juzu'i na gangar jikin zuwa ainihinsa, dace da yanke katako, ya zama akalla biyu. Duk da haka, ta kamata ta yi haushi a lokacin da ya lankwasa. Wannan shi ne saboda rushewa na takalma.
Zabi vines don yanke cuttings, kada ka manta cewa wannan yana rinjayar rayuwa ta hanyar, da kuma samun kyakkyawan daji a sakamakon. Bugu da ƙari, yanke itacen inabi ya kamata a shirya sosai don dasa.
Ana shirya da yanke don dasa
A kan saukowa na kowane al'adu yana amfani da lafiya kawai. Wannan doka ta shafi inabi.
Kashe tushen a cikin kyawawan lafiya zai zama fari, kuma a cikin takardar shekara daya zai kasance mai haske. Kada a zubar da idanu lokacin da aka guga. Ana cire haɗin sabo ne ba zai halatta ba.
Idan ba a shirya gwanin inabi ba daidai ba, zai iya mutuwa. Harberan suna mutuwa a yayin rashin abinci mai iska da kuma juyawar su a sakamakon, da kuma a yanayin rashin rashin ruwa da bushewa.
An yanke itacen inabi a cikin rassan don kada su kauri ba kasa da kauri na yatsan yatsa - wannan kimanin 7 mm ne, kuma tsawon yayi daidai da 30-40 cm Dole ne akwai uku ko hudu buds a kan rike. Kada a yanke yankewa sosai, saboda wannan zai kara aiki tare da shi. Yanke yanke ba sa riƙe na dogon lokaci a cikin iska da kuma cikin wuri mai dumi.
Kayan inabi yanke tare da wuka mai kaifi ko razor. An sanya cututtukan don haka ƙananan ɓangaren yanki yana kusa da ido, wanda yake a kasa, kuma kashi na sama yana 2-3 cm sama da saman. Bayan haka, an shirya kayan da aka shirya don kwana biyu don yin kwasfa cikin ruwa mai tsabta a zafin jiki na dakin.
Sa'an nan kuma yanki yanki, wanda yake a saman, an saka shi a cikin sassauka na sassauka na wasu 'yan seconds, kuma an sanya ƙarshen yankan a cikin wani maganin tare da mai cigaba da tazarar sa'o'i 24. Bayan sunyi duk wadannan hanyoyin, ana iya dasawa a cikin rami mai tsabta.
Cuttings a cikin kaka za a iya hagu har ma spring. A saboda wannan dalili, an ɗaure su a bunches kuma ana adana su a cikin ginshiki, ko kuma an bar su a cikin tarin, yayin da suke rufe da bambaro. Don haka harkar wasanni suna overwinter har sai bazara.
Wani ƙasa ya dace da dasa
Ƙwayar inabi za ta iya girma a kan kowane ƙasa. Amma, idan kuna da sha'awar girbi mai kyau, kazalika a cikin wani ruwan ingancin ruwan 'ya'yan itace da wort of wannan shuka, to, ya kamata ka lura da ƙasa sosai kuma ka shirya shi sosai don dasa.
Dole ne ku san hakan iri daban-daban na wannan al'ada suna son ƙarancin ƙasa. Alal misali, idan yana da nau'in launi, wajibi ne don zaɓar wuri a gefen tudun, inda ƙasa mai gina jiki yana da wadata a humus, kuma ruwan karkashin kasa yana da zurfin m 3 m.
Yawan inabi sun fi girma a kan dutse da duhu, wanda ya shafe haske da hasken rana. An sani cewa a cikin ruwan inabin akwai ruwa da nau'i na kyauta, kuma a lokuta daban-daban na yanayi, wannan rabo yana canje-canje.
A cikin ƙasa wanda aka tasowa, tushen shuka ba sa girma, kuma wani lokacin ma ya mutu saboda rashin isashshen oxygen a cikin wannan ƙasa. Sabili da haka, wurin da shrub yayi girma a cikin wannan al'ada dole ne sau da yawa a sassare da kuma cike.
A lokacin zafi zafi, an dakatar da ƙasa don yadawa, amma yana da mahimmanci don ciyawa.
Dama yana tasiri ga injin inabin da ke tsaye, kusa da ruwa mai zurfi na ƙasa (zurfin ba kasa da 1.5 m) ba. A wannan yanayin, kasar gona, don tabbatar da samun damar samun iska zuwa ga asalin shuka, an kuma sassauta shi. Kyakkyawan namo na inabõbi suna da kasa mai laushi, low-carbonate ko carbonate, kazalika da sassan kasa.
Very m ripening na berries nuna inabi girma a kan haske mai launin sandy ƙasa. Kuma ci gaba da harbe ana lura da karfi a cikin bishiyoyin da ke tsiro akan ƙasa marar fata ko ja kasa.
Mafi kyau don al'adun innabi la'akari da ƙasa mai haskewanda ke kula da dumi sosai. Wannan na iya zama ƙasa mai yashi, sierozem, haske da duhu ƙwayar ƙasa.
Idan, duk da haka, a cikin gonar, ƙasa ƙasa ce mai nauyi, sannan a shirya shi don dasa shuki inabi, yashi, karamar ƙasa, silt, tubalin fashe, ko sauran magudanai da taki, wanda ya rigaya ya kasance. Kasashen saline na shafin suna shirye don dasa shuki amfanin gonar inabi ta hanyar yawan ban ruwa na ƙasa a lokacin rani da damina, sannan kuma magudanar ruwa.
Ba abu mai kyau ba ne don shuka sabon bushes a kan shafin na tsohon gonar inabinsa. Tsasa 'ya'yan inabi a cikin wannan wuri zai iya zama bayan bayan shekaru biyu ko uku bayan farfadowa da tsohon.
Kada ku dasa inabi a wuraren da bala'in iska, tsakanin layuka bishiyoyi, kuma a waɗannan wurare da suke duhu. A itacen inabi ba ya jure wa dukan depressions da sanyi stagnates.
Mafi dace da namo na inabõbi Kudancin kudancin kudu tare da kyakkyawar iska mai kyau, amma a lokaci guda ya rufe daga iskar iska. Dole ne a sanya 'ya'yan inabi a cikin hanyar da wasu tsire-tsire ba su tsangwama da ci gabanta ba, kuma ba sa shuka amfanin gona a kusa da gonar da ake buƙata yawan watering.
An shirya shiri na ƙasa don inganci tare da sakamako mafi kyau a cikin kaka. Wannan taron ba shi da mahimmanci fiye da zabi na wurin don saukowa. Hanyar mafi mahimmanci don shirye-shiryen ƙasar don inabin shi ne plantazh. Wannan hanya ce a lokacin da ƙasar ke kan shafin da aka sassauka, yayin da ake sarrafa ƙasa kuma an yi masa takin.
Yawan inabi sanya a cikin shugabancin kudu-arewa. Don saukowa, raƙuman musamman sun shirya, kafin lokaci alama da nisa na 80-100 cm Lokacin da ake juye ramuka, an rarraba ƙasa gaba daya ko ɗaya.
Abincin ma'adinai da humus gauraye da ƙasa suna dage farawa a ƙasa na ciki. Koda a cikin rami ƙara babban dutse mai gushewa, wanda aka haxa shi tare da ƙasa mai cinyewa. Sa'an nan kuma an haɗa baki tare da ƙasa da kuma humus tare da rubble, yayin da babu wani dutse da aka sassare a karamin foda.
Je zuwa saukowa
Dasa tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire yana da matukar tasiri da aiki mai wuyar gaske, wanda yake tasiri sosai akan ci gaba da cigaba da bunkasa ƙwayar matashi. Bugu da ƙari, kasar gona don dasawa da inda za ta yi girma, yana da muhimmanci a ƙayyade lokaci na dasa inabi, da kuma tuna wasu asiri da fasali na dasa kanta.
Inabi dasa a cikin fall da kuma bazara. Kwanan tsirrai na zamani, waxanda suke da tsayuwa, a tsakiyar bazara (Afrilu - Mayu), an dasa shuki a cikin marigayi bazara da farkon lokacin rani (Mayu - Yuni). A lokacin kaka, ana shuka 'ya'yan inabi daga Oktoba har zuwa farko na daskarewa na ƙasa.
Lokacin da dasa shuki inabi a cikin fall, dole ne a shirya su da kyau don hunturu. Saboda wannan sun:
- Rufe tare da kwalban filastin yanke
- shayar a kusa da ruwa (3-4 buckets)
- bayan da aka sassauta cikin ƙasa
Kafin zuwan sanyi, ana amfani da inabin da Pine needles, sawdust ko peat, kuma dukkan rami mai saukowa ya cika tare da shi. Kare tsire-tsire kuma amfani da ƙasar da aka saba, wanda aka cika da rami rami, sa'an nan kuma ya yi daga ƙasa 30 cm mai tsawo mound.
Tsarin da aka shuka a cikin fall yana da karfin da lokaci don inganta tushen tsarin. Wannan zai bada izinin na gaba shekara ta sapling don zama mai kyau daji.
Saukowa da wuri
Inabi sosai ba ya son sanyi da sanyi. Tushen wannan shuka zai iya daskare riga a zafin jiki na -5 - 7 digiri. Sabili da haka, inda akwai daskarewa mai zurfi na ƙasa, ana bada shawara don gudanar da wani tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ko yin inoculation na iri iri akan Arctic ko Buytur.
Bugu da ƙari, a wa annan wurare an umurce shi da shuka a wurin inda aka tara dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin hunturu ko kuma ana riƙe da matakan dusar ƙanƙara.
An shawarci masu kula da kwarewa su dasa shukar daji, zurfafa ƙananan ɓangaren seedling da 30-35 cm ko 40-50 cm zuwa ƙasa, dangane da warming up na kasar gona a cikin bazara da kuma moistening, kuma, a cikin yanayin dasa shuki, a wani wuri inda babu snow a cikin hunturu, da kuma da zazzabi yana da ƙasa. Wannan zai hana daskarewa na giya.
Don ƙirƙirar sharaɗɗan sharaɗi don rushewa, nan da nan kafin a danna yankan cikin rami, zuba game da guga guda na ruwan zafi. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sunyi samo asali wanda suka kai mintimita uku.
Alamar wuri
Akwai abubuwa da yawa da aka dasa:
- saukowa tare da tilt
- saukowa tsaye
Fans yawanci amfani da saukowa tare da gangara.
Dasa tsire-tsire a madaidaiciya tare da gangaren, ba a yanke asalinsu a kan mahimmin ba, amma dole ne a dauki su don tabbatar da cewa tsawon irin wadannan nauyin bai zama ba fãce 10 cm.
Dasa da yawancin cututtuka a jere guda ɗaya, nisa tsakanin su ba kasa da 2-2.3 m, kuma tsakanin layuka - 2.5-3 m. Tsarin sanyi da kuma rufe nau'in ya kamata a dasa shi dabam.
Don ƙaddarar layi da jiragen sama guda biyu sabbin bishiyoyi da kwakwalwarsu suna tsaye a arewacin kudu. Idan dasa inabi na amfani da trellis tare da visor, a tsaye, layuka da goyon bayan suna samuwa a cikin gabas ta yamma.
Tare da wannan shuki, duk nau'in inabõbi suna fada a ƙarƙashin hasken rana kai tsaye, kuma wannan yana da muhimmanci ga yawan aiki da photosynthesis.
Hakanan zaka iya dasa kayan ɗawainiya ɗaya - a kan takaddun tallafi, ko a layuka - a kan goyon baya na kowa. Bayani tsakanin bushes an yi dangane da halaye na musamman iri-iri ko iri-iri, kuma ya dace da 1.5-2.5 m.
Ana shirya ramin inabin ta hanyoyi uku:
- karkashin sashin,
- digging rami a size 60 × 80 cm,
- shuki na noma 60-70 cm zurfi
Rashin zurfin ramin, a kan chernozem, don cuttings, an yi a 60 cm, a kan ƙasa mara kyau, 1 m. A lokaci guda, ana shuka shuka don haka gindin saman bayan dasa shi ne 5-6 cm a kasa gefen gefen rami. girma bishiya daji sama da ƙasa. Alamar saukowa tana bayyane a bayyane a cikin adadi a kasa.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa rhizome na inabin ya taso sosai da sauri kuma ya bunƙasa. Saboda haka, dasa shuki harbe wannan al'ada kusa da juna ba wanda ba a ke so ba.
Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa don karanta game da pruning inabi a cikin fall.
Tashi bayan saukarwa
Bayan da aka kwashe, ana zuba ƙasa a cikin rami ta hanyar tamping, da kuma sakamakon furrows ya kamata a zuba da yalwa da ruwa, kuma ya cika a ƙasa tare da ƙasa. Idan ba a yi amfani da cuttings a baya ba kuma yanayi a cikin yankin ya isasshe bushe, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire anyi kafin a fara harbe, kuma an shayar da shkuku sosai, a lokacin da yake sassauta ƙasa.
Duk da haka an buƙata don saka idanu da fitarwa daga weeds, wanda dole ne a cire. Idan ya cancanta kuma yin spraying tare da rauni 1% bayani na Bordeaux sayar da giya.
Duk wata ƙasa ta dagewa. Wannan ya faru da ƙasar gonar inabinsa, idan ba ku aiwatar da matakan da za ku iya ciyarwa ba da kuma takin ƙasa. A saboda wannan dalili, suna canza canjin albarkatun gona a kan shafin, da kuma samar da ƙasa da sauran da kuma shuka gauraya da ciyawa.
Daga gajiya na kasa zai adana alaka mai yalwa da kuma sakewa da rhizome na al'ada tare da ruwan sha. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci don ciyawa, da kuma 1-2 a karkashin bishiyoyi don kakar. Anyi haka ne ba tare da juya yadudduka na duniya ba kuma yana motsawa cikin tsirrai.
A karo na farko bayan dasa shuki (shekaru 2-3) shine mafi mahimmanci don ci gaba mai kyau da kuma ci gaban ingancin inabi. A wannan lokaci, siffar wani ƙirar daji. Bayan girma zuwa mita 5-8 cikin tsawon, al'adun harbe karya kashe, barin 1-2 harbe a kan rike.
Suna kuma yin katarovka na yau da kullum, wanda ya hada da kawar da asalinsu. Daga kaka zuwa hunturu, ana rufe bishiyoyi da kayan aikin ingantaccen abu.
