Dukkanmu mun saba da ra'ayin cewa apricot na cikin tsire-tsire masu zafi kuma bazai iya tsira cikin yanayi mai tsanani ba.
Amma godiya ga kokarin da masana kimiyya ke yi, Kwayar Tsarin Arewa ta bayyana, wadda take da dama.
Bari muyi magana akan su.
Bayani
Abin farin gare shi don fita zuwa lambun zafi kuma dawo daga can tare da farantin kayan sabo ne, cikakke, da bishiyoyi masu kyau masu girma a kan kanmu da kuma kokarin mu! Ba haka ba da dadewa, wannan wata dama ce ta kudancin kudanci, kuma mazauna arewacin zasu iya jin tsoro.
Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa don karantawa game da matakai akan kulawa da dasa shuki na apricot
Amma shayarwa suna aiki kullum don ƙirƙirar sababbin nau'in, wanda aka saba don ƙarin yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Daya daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in kuma shi ne "Gudun Arewa."
Don haka yana fata da bayyanarsa cikakke 'ya'yan itacen apricot: yellow-orange, mai dimbin yawa, mai girman gaske a cikin girman (35-55g), tare da bakin ciki, dan fata mai launin fata da kuma ƙanshi mai ƙanshi. Kuma, don haka abin da za a yi magana akan dandano! Abin kirki, mai dadi da mai dadi ba zai iya barwa ba. Ko da tsaba daga cikin 'ya'yan itace ne edible da dandano almond kwaya.
Kamar yadda aikin yake nuna, masoyan apricot sun fi so su yi amfani da wannan sabo iri-iri, maimakon shafewa zuwa magani mai zafi.
Tree mai karfi, tare da kambi mai laushi da matsakaici. Yawan tsawo yana kai mita uku zuwa hudu. Blooms sosai da wuri kuma shi ne kayan ado ga kowane lambun. Ganyayyaki suna babba, suna nunawa sama.
Na farko harbe ya bayyana a shekara-shekara har yanzu a cikin gandun daji. Abricot yana da hali don samar da harbe-harbe. Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar sabbin matakan gaggawa don hana thickening na kambi. Kuma bayan dasa shuki a gonar, har ma da girma girma girma, da tsawon da harbe iya isa mita ko fiye.
Gaba ɗaya, harbe an raba kashi uku.
1) Ci gaba da harbe, wanda shine babban amfanin gona. Tsawon tsayi daga 30-60 cm.
2) Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna da harbe-harben shekara-shekara, suna da matsakaicin matsakaici, amma suna da ɗan ƙarami fiye da waɗanda aka bayyana a sama. Kwayoyin suna yawan 'ya'yan itace akan su.
3) Rassan bishiyoyi - ƙananan hanyoyi ne, ba mai wucewa 5 cm ba., A kan wace furen suna samuwa kuma daga cikinsu akwai vegetative.
Don isa iri sun hada da: mai kyau hunturu hardiness (musamman haushi resistant zuwa matuƙar matuƙa da kunar rana a jiki, amma buds riga da ƙasa high m kaddarorin); yawan amfanin ƙasa; dandano mai kyau; Tsaya sosai ga cututtuka daban-daban.
Muhimmanci rashin ƙarfi babu Ga wani, watakila, girman apricot ba ya isa ba, amma wani ya ɗauki shi gaba daya ba tare da dace ba don canning.
Saukowa
Lokaci
Idan ka yanke shawarar shuka wani apricot a cikin fall, to, watan mafi kyau domin wannan zai kasance Oktoba. Amma, mafi kyau duka, ba shakka, dasa itace a cikin bazara, kafin farkon kakar girma - a watan Afrilu.
Tare da hankali musamman kana buƙatar kusanci wurin zaɓin wuri don wannan ɗakin mai zafi. Dole ne rana ta kasance da rana kuma a kare shi daga iska mai sanyi. Kudancin kudu da kudu maso yammacin zai yi. Lokacin zabar wani wuri, yana da muhimmanci muyi la'akari da mahimmin mahimmanci: matakin matakin ƙasa kada ya zama ƙasa da 2-2.5 m, in ba haka ba itace a wannan yanki ba zai yi girma ba.
Ƙasa
Apricot ƙasa zai zama haske, tare da mai kyau iska permeability, ba tare da wuce haddi nitrogen. Loamy da haske loamy sun fi dacewa. Mafi mafi kyau duka shi ne acidity na ƙasa, daidai da pH 6-7.
Zai fi kyau shuka bishiyar itacen apricot..
Don yin wannan, mirgine rami rabin mita mai zurfi kuma kusan sittin sittin. Rashin ramin da muke fada muna barci tare da gashi mai kyau, wanda zai zama malalewa. A tsakiyar rami muna fitar da kullun don garra, sanya kewaye da shi da yashi, yumbu da peat da aka dauka a daidai hannun jari.
Girma saman tudu kamar ashirin da centimita fiye da matakin ƙasa. Yanzu mun dasa itacenmu a tsakiyar. Idan muka yi duk abin da ke daidai, to, tushen wuyansa Dole ne ya zama mita 5 da ragowar matakin da muke ciki. Mun gyara tushen da kyau kuma mu fara sannu a hankali don cika su da ƙasa har sai rami ya cika.
A ƙarshe mun sanya rufi kewaye da rami da ruwa da sapling (20-30 l). Bayan duk manipulations, dole ne a haɗa da wuyansa na wuyansa tare da ƙasa. Ka tuna cewa apricot za'a iya girma daga dutse da kuma grafting.
Kula
Watering
Duk da cewa apricots sunyi sanyi, amma daga Mayu zuwa Yuni har yanzu suna bukatar isasshen ruwa. Yana da lokacin wannan lokacin ya kasance mai girma na ci gaba da kambi. Bugu da ƙari, ba tare da ruwa na al'ada na ɓangaren tsire-tsire ba, za a lura da yawancin 'ya'yan itace, tun da yawan adadin furen za a ragu sosai.
Da ake bukata Har ila yau ruwa da itacen 2-3 makonni kafin 'ya'yan itace ripens. Ta wannan hanya, zaka iya ƙara yawan tayin. Amma a nan gaba, kusa da fall, kana buƙatar rage yawan watering. In ba haka ba, wannan zai haifar da ci gaba mai girma na harbe waɗanda ba su da lokacin yin shiri don hunturu kuma suna fama da sanyi.
Zai fi dacewa da ruwa da sassafe ko da maraice. Idan lokacin rani ya bushe sosai, yana da mahimmanci don fesa kambi.
Da takin mai magani
Wannan ba shine a ce itace apricot yayi burin ba kuma yana buƙatar takin mai magani na musamman. Amma rashi wasu abubuwan da zasu gano zai haifar da ci gabanta. Musamman sun ji rashin potassium. Shi ne wanda ke taimaka wa shuka don tsayayya da cututtukan da dama da kuma cigaba da yaro.
Manganese Har ila yau, wajibi ne don cikakken cigaba. Ya kasawa yana cike da spraying tare da 0.1% bayani na manganese sulphate. Idan ka lura cewa rassan bishiya sune baƙi kuma ganye suna samuwa a saman, kuma 'ya'yan itace kanta da lalacewa da launin ruwan kasa suna fitowa a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara, to, mafi mahimmanci, injin ba shi da boron.
A wannan yanayin, ana gabatar da borosuperphosphate a cikin ƙasa, kuma bayan ƙarshen lokacin flowering akwai ganye da ganye tare da wani bayani na 0.1% na boric acid. Bayan makonni 4, ana sake maimaita wannan hanya.
Hasara baƙin ƙarfe za su bayyana a kan ganye a matsayin ganye a matsayin ƙwayoyin chlorotic, kuma a tsawon lokaci zasu iya rasa launin korensu da kuma crumble. Abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne gano wannan matsala a lokaci, tun da rashi rashin haske na wannan sifa ya fi sauƙi a cika ta hanyar raya bishiyar tare da maharan ƙarfe. Ana gudanar da wannan tsari akai-akai a watan Mayu-Yuni, a cikin kwana 10. Kuma idan kun rasa kuma kunyi wannan tsari, itacen zai mutu.
Ƙarar taki (peat, taki, takin) dole ne a yi amfani dashi kamar yadda ya cancanta, kowace shekara uku zuwa hudu.
Winter ga kowane itace itace kalubale. Kuma kodayake "Ƙungiyar Arewa" ya fi dacewa da sanyi, irin wannan tsararraki kamar tsabtace ginin, warke shi, da kuma karewa tare da taimakon gogewa daga rodents da kwari ba za a manta da su ba.
Don dakatar da girma da harbe kuma hana su daga daskarewa, kana buƙatar ruwa da itacen tare da bayani na ash. An bada shawarar yin wannan daga Agusta.
Kwaro da cututtuka
Dabbobin mu na apricot sun fi dacewa da cututtuka daban-daban da kuma kwari idan aka kwatanta da mutane da yawa, amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa bazai sha wahala daga irin wannan cututtuka kamar launi ko masifa. Abin baƙin ciki, ɗayan kuma ɗayan zai iya bugi itacen ƙaunatacce.
Mai wakilcin causative monilioz wani naman kaza ne wanda ke shawo kan yankunan da aka shafa da shuka, kuma a cikin idon ruwa ya haifar da sabon sabo. A farkon cutar, darkening da bushewa na furanni ya bayyana, to, ganye da harbe suna cikin wannan tsari. A lokacin rani, alamun da aka gani suna iya gani a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Cikin jiki ya yi duhu, kuma daga sama an rufe shi da dige baki, wrinkles da ta kafe.
Don hana ci gaba da cutar, kana buƙatar saka idanu na tsabta na gonar da itacen bishiyoyi, hana haɗuwa da yawa a cikin ƙasa, a hankali bincika itace don alamun farko na cutar. Whitewashing na gangar jikin da kuma rassan farko suna kare.
Klesterosporiosis - Har ila yau, cutar ta fungal. Shafuka suna bayyana a jikin ganyen bishiyar, wanda ya zama ramuka, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa sunan na biyu shine cutar ta "tsinkaye". Kira yana fitowa a kan harbe, kuma ruwa mai laushi (danko) ya fara gudanawa daga cikin raunuka. Spraying Bordeaux cakuda ko jan karfe sulfate ya kamata taimaka wajen yaki da wannan cuta.
Amma kwari, itacen apricot yana da yawanci aphids, yana son shi da plum asu, kazalika da maciji na malam buɗe ido-hawthorn. A nan, hanyoyi na sarrafawa sune mafi mahimmanci a yanayi - dubawa na yau da kullum na itace da lalata kwari. Za ku iya yin yaki domin aphids ta hanyar yaduwa da sabulu daga dandalion ko taba.
Pruning don apricot ma wajibi ne. Wannan itace yana da buds da dama da suke hutawa. Rashin farkawa na su yana da rauni kuma yana buƙatar kwarewa. Wannan shi ne inda tsararru na tsufa ya zo wurin ceto, wanda zai inganta wannan tsari sosai. Sanitary pruning ne da za'ayi a spring da kaka. Cire ƙwayoyin cututtuka da lalacewa, kuma a lokaci guda waɗanda suke da girma a tsaye. Wasu lambu suna zuwa lokacin rani na pruning na apricot, wanda aka gudanar a cikin watan Mayu ko farkon Yuni.
Muna da tabbacin cewa idan zaɓinku ya dace a kan irin wannan apricot, kuma kuna yanke shawara ku dasa shi a kan shirinku, ba za ku taɓa yin bacin ciki ba. Musamman ma, idan filin dasa shi ne a yankuna arewacin kuma yanayin damuwa ya fi muni a yankunan kudancin dumi. Duk da wannan, a lokacin rani zaku iya kula da kanku ga dadi, cikakke, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, na apricots na gida!
