Ana shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki strawberries
Strawberries girma a wuri guda na shekaru da yawa a jere. Tsarin gari yana buƙatar ƙwarewa ta musamman, saboda yawan amfanin gonar ya dogara da shiri na farko.
Da farko kana buƙatar zaɓar shafin. Ya kamata ya zama yanki, tare da hasken rana mai kyau. Lalle ne, saboda rashin isasshen hasken rana, za a yi mummunan girbi na strawberries. Kuma wata maimaita baya, a cikin inuwa akwai saurin haɗari, yawancin cututtuka masu furewa a kan ganye da asalinsu.
Irin ƙasa a kan shafin zai iya zama wani. Duk da haka, ƙananan bishiyoyi ba za su yi girma ba inda akwai yashi ko yumbu. Akwai dalilai na wannan. Sandy kasa ba su da cikakken cikakken amfani da abubuwa masu amfani, kuma tushen shuke-shuke bushe sauri da overheat. Clay ƙasa mai yawa ne, ba shi da iska mai kyau, wanda ya sa tushen da iskar oxygen kuma yana fama da matsanancin danshi. Tsire-tsire suna daina girma. Don inganta ingancin ƙasar, dole ne a yi amfani da taki - humus, wanda ya ba da damar ƙasa ta zama sako-sako.
Ya kamata kula da acidity na kasar gona. Idan kasar gona tana da ruwa, to lallai ya zama dole don takin shi: amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, da ƙasa, tare da adadin alkali, ƙara taki tare da abun ciki na ma'adinai.
Lokacin zabar wuri na strawberries, dole ne ku kula da matakin ruwan teku, akwai wani wuri inda ruwa zai iya damuwa. Don rage wannan mahimmancin, dole ne a yi magudi, amma saboda ƙasa ba ta bushe ba kuma ta riga ta bushe.
Ya kamata ku tuna cewa ba za'a iya shuka strawberries a wuri ɗaya ba. Ba su bayar da shawarar ta dashi zuwa inda tumatir, dankali, kabeji ya girma ba. Zai ji dadi sosai bayan albasa, tafarnuwa, karas, pumpkins, Peas.
Don haka, mataki na gaba shine shirya ƙasar don seedlings. Wajibi ne a pry dukan weeds da sauran weeds waɗanda suke girma akan shuka. Musamman kana buƙatar cire shinge, reed, alkama ciyawa (suna dauke duk kayan amfani daga ƙasa da tsire-tsire). Don yin wannan, mirgine dukan mãkirci sau da dama, kuma da hannu cire duk weeds tare da asalinsu. Hakanan zaka iya sanyawa a karkashin bishiyoyi masu zuwa, bi da maganin herbicide, alal misali, tasowa, hadari. A cikin makonni biyu ciyawa za ta lalace.
Bugu da ƙari mun shirya ƙasa: muna amfani da kwayoyin taki (gypsum, lemun tsami). An kirkiro shafin kuma an buɗe shi a wuri mai yiwuwa. Bayan haka, ƙasa mai laushi ta taimaka wajen saurin karuwar seedlings zuwa wani sabon wuri, da farkon girma.
Abu mai muhimmanci shine shiryawa na dasa shuki strawberries. Alal misali, layuka guda ɗaya ko manyan kaset.
Don ci gaba da jere tare da strawberries a mike, ana kwantar da kwando a iyakar biyu kuma ana miƙa igiya.
Yanzu za ka iya fara dasa shuki strawberry seedlings.
Ka'idojin dasa bishiyoyi
Menene hanyoyi masu saukowa?
An dasa itatuwan Strawberry a cikin ƙasa a hanyoyi da dama. Masu amfani da gonaki suna amfani jere guda da jere biyu.
Ka'idar guda-jinsin dasa shi ne cewa nisa tsakanin ribbons shine 60-70 cm, kuma ana dasa bishiyoyin shuka daga juna a kimanin 15-20 cm. Ana amfani da shuka guda daya lokacin da aka dasa bishiyoyi a ƙasa a spring ko kaka. Lalle ne, a farkon shekara, lambun lambu ba su da 'ya'ya, amma suna samar da gashin-baki wanda ya cika sararin samaniya a cikin layuka.
Kwancen jinsin biyu ya fi dacewa, yana da kyau a lokacin rani, saboda kamar yadda ake shuka seedlings a yanki daya, kuma zaka iya cin berries kusan shekara da aka shuka su. Nisa tsakanin ribbons shine 70 cm, tsakanin layin 30 cm, kuma ana shuka bishiyoyi 15-20 cm baya.
Wata hanyar da ake amfani da ita ita ce dasa shuki a cikin gadaje. Yana da kyau ga wuraren da akwai ruwa. Matsayi na gadaje daga kudancin zuwa arewa, ana shuka bishiyoyi guda biyu a gefen gefuna, kuma a tsakiyar hanya (kimanin 30 cm a fadin) ya zama komai.
Yawancin lambu suna amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Anyi wannan domin ya cire dukkan tsire-tsire a cikin bazara, wanda bai yi girma a farkon shekara ba. Bayan an fitar da tsire-tsire marasa lafiya, za a sami wuri don ci gaban al'ada na sauran tsire-tsire.
Babban abu shi ne ya kasance a lokaci
Tsarin sharudda don dasa shuki strawberries basu wanzu ba. Ana iya dasa shi a spring da kaka, kuma a lokacin rani. Amma kana buƙatar la'akari da nuances na wani kakar.
Spring. A wannan lokacin na shekara, ana bada shawarar shuka bishiyoyi a farkon wuri, tare da fara aiki a fagen, a farkon Afrilu. Babban abu ba a rasa wannan lokacin ba. Idan ana shuka bishiyoyi a bisani fiye da lokacin da aka raba, a cikin watan Mayu, to, halayen ci gaba zai kasance jinkirin. Lokaci zuwa saukowa ba zai iya zama ba. A cikin bazara, ana shuka shuka ana nan a cikin ƙasa.
Summer. Tare da kyakkyawan tsarin kula da dasa shuki strawberries, zai yiwu a tara berries a cikin shekara guda. Zai fi kyau shuka shi bayan ruwan sama ko a cikin hadari, saboda haka zai fi sauƙi ta fara. Ƙarin watering bada shawarar, to, yana da Dole a ciyawa kasar gona, i.e. cire shi don ya kauce wa bayyanar ɓawon burodi a farfajiya.
Kwanci shi ne mafi kyau lokacin shekara don dasa shuki seedlings. Ana yin wannan mafi kyau daga Agusta 20 zuwa 15 ga Satumba, amma lokaci yana da kwakwalwa, duk yana dogara ne akan yanayin yankin da aka tsara shi. Amma yana da kyawawa don samun lokaci kafin farkon farkon sanyi.
Ko da kuwa kakar, kafin dasa shuki strawberries, wajibi ne don shirya seedlings: aiwatar da tushen tsarin daga wasu kwari (ta yin amfani da bayani na blue vitriol). A fili, kafin dasa shuki da bushes, da tushen daidaita. Suna zaune a cikin matsayi na gaskiya, dogon - a fili an yanke.
Har ila yau, yana da sha'awa a karanta game da kulawa da kuma dasa shurwar currant baki
Ta yaya za a yi girma?
Yawancin lokaci, strawberries suna girma cikin hanyoyi biyu: a cikin greenhouses da a bude ƙasa. Duk hanyoyi guda biyu suna da amfani da rashin amfani.
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, don farawa, dole ne a shirya shi. An ƙasa ƙasa don kara samun oxygen. Sa'an nan kuma kana buƙatar watering, kuma bayan bayan haka, saukowa.
An shuka shuki, wanda aka dasa a greenhouses, a karkashin fim, a baya fiye da wadanda suke girma a ƙasa. Wannan hanya ya dace da farkon iri-iri. Ana tattara hotuna fina-finai a Afrilu. Suna buƙatar a satar da su, sun sassauta ƙasa, shayar da ruwa mai dumi. Tabbatar da bukatar thermometer don sarrafa yawan zafin jiki. A yanayin zafi sama da 25 ° C, an cire fim ɗin a kowace rana. A cikin bishiyoyi na kaka an rufe shi da bambaro ko ganye daga bishiyoyi. Ana amfani da taki: peat ko takin.
Bugu da kari, strawberries suna girma a cikin layuka na tsaye. Wannan hanya tana kama da matakai, tiers. Yana da kyau ga kananan yankunan. Kayan kwance masu kama da dala, sanya a nesa da 10 cm daga juna. Don yin amfani da cakuda peat, humus, filin sod. A frosts, an cire akwati kuma an rufe shi da agrofibre, ganye, peat. Lokacin da sanyi, strawberries suna rufe dusar ƙanƙara.
Lokacin da girma strawberries a karkashin agrofibre, za ka iya girbi a baya a cikin 'yan makonni. Agrofibre rike yawan zafin jiki, kare daga iska da kuma frosts.
Har ila yau ,, strawberries kuma girma a cikin jaka filastik. An riga an zuba ƙasa a cikin jaka, kuma an shuka seedlings a cikin ramuka. Sa'an nan kuma an ɗaura su a rufi.
Kula da kayan strawberries daidai
Watering strawberries
Watering strawberries kai tsaye ya dogara da abin da yanayin ya fada mana. Rage yawan ban ruwa yana ƙaddara ta bushewa na ƙasa. Mafi kyau lokacin watering shine safiya. Ganye suna bushe da maraice. Babu furanni duk da haka, ana shayar da tsire-tsire. Watering yana kama da karamin ruwa, tare da taimakonsa an wanke turɓaya daga ganye.
A cikin zafin rana, ana bada shawarar yin shayarwa a kowace rana bakwai, an zuba ruwa a cikin adadin daga 10 zuwa 25 lita kowace murabba'in mita. Tare da bayyanar 'ya'yan itacen, an rage yawan mita watering. Ruwa da aka yi amfani da ita don ban ruwa shi ne dumi, yawan zazzabi yana da digiri 20. Watering tare da ruwan sanyi zai iya shafar girma na seedlings.
Lokacin da furanni na farko suka bayyana, an zuba ruwa akan ƙasa, kauce wa lambar sadarwa tare da bushes. Ruwa ba ya zuba a kan berries, kamar yadda suke iya fara rot.
Mun halakar da weeds
Har ila yau, kula da sako ya kamata a fara kafin dasa shuki. Amma akwai wata sako da ta ci gaba da clog da tsire-tsire, shan danshi, na gina jiki. Dole ne mu ci gaba har kullum a duk tsawon lokacin girbi na amfanin gona, da kuma bayansa. Wannan ya kamata a yi a lokacin 8. Sakamakon zurfafawa shine kimanin 10 cm. Zai fi kyau samun tushen tsarin weeds daga ƙasa kuma jefa su waje.
A cikin manyan yankunan da aka dasa tare da strawberries, ana amfani da herbicides don rabu da ciyawa da weeds. An bada shawarar su yadu da su kwanaki 14 kafin zuwan zuwan.
Wata hanyar yaki shine dasa shukiyar buckwheat, yana sa ƙasar ta fi kyau kuma ta taimaka wajen kawar da weeds. Sai suka shuka wani abu na amfanin gona na hunturu, kuma a cikin shekara ta gaba suka dasa shuki.
Yin gwagwarmaya kwari
Strawberries ba su da kwari masu yawa, amma suna buƙatar gaggawa. Bi da tsire-tsire kafin bayyanar furanni ko bayan daukan berries.
Babban kwari sun hada da:
- Tick m. Ganye suna ci gaba, sun zama rawaya, kuma berries suna da ƙananan. An karbe karbofosom bayan girbi.
- Nematodes. Suna zaune a cikin ganyayyaki, su duka sunyi tsire-tsire: ganyayyaki sun zama duhu a cikin launi, da bishiyoyi ba su girma. Ƙananan bishiyoyi sun janye.
- Wani kwaro ya hada da irin ƙwaro na strawberry, weevil, whitefly. Kashe su da karbofos, kalla.
- Snails da slugs. Suna da tasiri a kan berries.
- Don kauce wa tururuwa, yayyafa ƙasa tare da soda.
Kwayar cuta ta buƙatar farawa a cikin fall, tare da jiyya da disinfection na ƙasa. Kyakkyawan hanya ita ce ta zub da fim na duniya, ta kawar da dukan weeds. Yana da Dole a dace cire kayan bushe bushe, saka idanu cikin ƙasa mai laushi.
Cututtuka na strawberries da magani
Babban cututtuka na strawberry su ne:
- Gishiri mai laushi. Gumshi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da launin toka yana shafar ganye, buds, 'ya'yan itatuwa. Maganin ita ce: daukan berries a lokaci, kawar da weeds, ci gaba da lalata tsire-tsire masu ciwo. Yaɗa ta Azocene.
- Lokacin da marigayi bilt wilting slows girma, launin toka launuka bayyana, seedlings iya mutu. Don yin yaki kana buƙatar tsaftace ƙasa, sa'annan lokacin da alamun farko suka bayyana, nan da nan cire strawberries.
- Mealy dew ya yada ta cikin iska. A seedling an rufe shi da launin toka launin toka, kuma mold bayyana a berries. Don kawar da powdery mildew, ya zama dole, kafin furanni ya bayyana, don yaduwa da soda ash.
- Brown tabo yana shafar launi, wanda ya nuna a cikin launin ruwan kasa a saman leaf.
Samun shirye don hunturu
Don shirya lambun lambu don lokacin hunturu kana buƙatar:
- Hilling da mulching shi ne abu na farko da za a yi. Weeding strawberries a fall ba da shawarar, kamar yadda za ka iya lalata tushen, kuma ba za su sami lokaci zuwa warke kafin sanyi. Don wannan dalili, ba a shawarce shi don cire ciyawa ba, amma barin shi har sai bazara.
- Rufe bishiyoyi da yawa don hunturu a yawancin yadudduka. Zaka iya amfani da kayan shuka: ganye, bambaro, rassan rassan rassan, sa'an nan kuma, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo, sa takalma na dusar ƙanƙara. Tare da kayan aikin wucin gadi, agrofibre ko agrotex shine manufa. Suna kula da ganiyar zafi da zazzabi.
- Dole ne a shirya madaidaiciya don hunturuwa kafin fararen fari ya fara.
