Dasa da kulawa

Dasa hazelnuts a gonar: kula da namo

Hazel mutane da yawa sunyi la'akari da itace mai ban mamaki, wanda yake kewaye da labaran tarihi, labaru da karuwancikuma Alal misali, Slavs sun dauki wannan tsire-tsire ta zama tsattsarka, sabili da haka lokacin da isiriyar da suke boye a ƙarƙashinsa, ta tsaya tsayin da belin ta kuma sanya su a wurin da suke so su kare daga walƙiya. Abin da ke da kyau wannan itace da kuma yadda za a shuka shi a cikin gida, mun bayyana a kasa.

Hazel (Hazelnut): Bayanin Hazel

Hazel, ko Hazel - Ita itace bishiya ne (shrub) na Birch iyali, yana girma zuwa mita 10. Yana da siffar kwai-mai siffar, ɗakin kwana ko kambi. Gashin itace yana da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, wanda aka raba ta ratsi. Tsarin tushen shine mai iko, na waje. Hazel ganye suna maras ban sha'awa, duhu kore, nuna, taso keya, ovate.

Shin kuna sani? Mutane suna kira hazel hazelnut ko kwaya, kuma hazelnuts na kowa a al'ada shi ne tsire-tsire daban-daban. Hazelnuts da hazel - bishiyoyi masu dangantaka, wakilai guda daya.

Hazelnut fure (ko kamar yadda ake kira "hazelnuts") fara a farkon spring (Maris-Afrilu), ko da kafin ganye Bloom. A wannan lokacin 'yan kunne na zinariya sun bayyana akan itacen. Tun da hazel yana nufin tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire ne. Hazel flower kunshi jigilar stamens. Hazel ya fara yin 'ya'ya a cikin na bakwai ko na takwas na rayuwa kuma yana samar da amfanin gona a kowace shekara. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne ƙananan (2 cm), wakiltar kora ko kwayoyi masu maƙalli da aka rufe a cikin haske mai duhu. Kowace sashi na iya ƙunsar har zuwa 'ya'yan itatuwa 30, ko da yake ana samuwa yawanci 3-4. Mature a watan Agusta. Hazel itacen ya sake ta da layering, iri, ko tushen suckers.

Yau, akwai nau'ikan hazelnuts fiye da 100, mafi mashahuri wanda shine Panahesky. 'Ya'yanta suna da ɗanɗanar dandano kuma suna da babban abun ciki (62-65%). Bugu da ƙari, wannan iri-iri yana ba da girbi mai albarka a kowace shekara kuma baya buƙatar pollination.

Hazel yana zaune ne a cikin fadin sararin samaniya, coniferous da gandun daji masu gauraya, da kuma a wuraren da hazel na kowa ke tsiro, yana ƙera tsire-tsire masu girma, suna girma a kan cuttings da wuraren makiyaya. An rarraba shi sosai a Caucasus, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Turai. Ya fi son sabo ne, m da ƙasa mai laushi, sabili da haka, ana samo shi a ƙarƙashin ravines, tare da kogi, koguna, cikin steppe da gandun daji-steppe. A kan matalauta, marshy, acidic, peat kasa kusan ba ya girma.

Duk da haka, ana iya ɗanɗana kwayoyi masu kyau da kwayoyi ba kawai a cikin gandun daji - an horar da wannan itace na dogon lokaci. Hazel girbi yana da yiwuwa a samu a bayan gida, idan kun san cikakkun bayanai game da kulawa da noma wannan shuka.

Ina wuri mafi kyau don shuka hazel

Iri na aka bayyana shuka su ne daban-daban siffofin da interspecific hybrids na kowa hazelnut, Pontic, leaf daban-daban da kuma manyan. Arewa maso gabas, gabas, yankunan arewacin raguwa sun fi dacewa da noma a al'adu, tun da yake a cikin wadannan wurare cewa sauyawa a cikin yanayin yau da kullum ba su da ƙasa kuma, saboda haka, hadarin konewa da sanyi shine ƙananan.

Shin kuna sani? Kernels na hazelnut sun ƙunshi kimanin 60% mai, furotin 18%, bitamin, macro-da micronutrients, kuma saboda dandano na asali, ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antun abinci.

Zabi wani wuri mai saukowa: yaya ya kamata haske ya kasance

Hazel itace -tIta itace mai juriya kuma baya son hasken rana kai tsaye, amma tare da karfi mai duhu zai iya haifar da mummunan amfanin gona, kuma ganyayyaki suna canza launi. Yanayin da hazel zai yi girma kada a fallasa su ambaliya.

Zaɓi yanki kyauta, ƙananan yanki da kariya daga zane a cikin mãkircin gonar. Bugu da ƙari, ruwan ƙasa a wurin da aka dasa kayan hazelnuts ya kamata kada ya kasance sama da mita 1.5. Wurin wuri na dasa - a kusa da ganuwar gine-ginen. Idan babu irin wannan, to sai shinge zai iya zama kariya daga iskõki. Girman hazelnuts yana yarda a kusanci bishiyoyi tare da kambi mai haske, amma dole ne su kasance ba kusa da mita 4-5 daga gare ta ba. Ta haka ne, mafi kyawun sinadirai yankin na hazelnut za a sami ceto - 16-25 m².

Yana da muhimmanci! Ba'a bada shawara don dasa hazel a kudancin, shinge mai dadi. Tsire-tsire suna fure a can kafin, kuma akwai hadari na sanyi lalacewar ovary..

Domin saukaka kulawa, an bada shawara don dasa hazel a kan mãkirci.

Bukatun shara

Domin yayi girma a hazel a kan shirin, ya fi dacewa a karbi m, sako-sako da, mai tsabta, tsaka tsaki ko kadan acidic (PH 6-6.5) ƙasa don dasa. Yana cikin wannan ƙasa cewa hazelnuts da sauri girma daga asalin, yana fara kai 'ya'ya bayan 3-4 shekaru, da kuma tsarin da namo ba ya haifar da wani matsala maras muhimmanci.

A cikin ƙananan ƙarancin ƙasa, don mafi ingancin ruwa da haɓakar iska, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da yashi da takin humus. Hazel ba zai tsira da kyau ba a kan yashi, dutsen da ƙasa, kuma ƙasa mai laushi dole ne ya zama lemun tsami (500 g da 1 m²).

Features dasa shuki Hazel

Don samun girbi mai albarka, dole ne ka fara samo wani nau'i na dasa shuki hazelnuts, kuma dole ne ka la'akari da gaskiyar cewa idan ka dasa bishiyoyi da dama, an kafa magudi na giciye na halitta. Zai fi dacewa don dasa hazel a kan iyakokin shafin.

Zabi na seedlings

Hazel ta hanyoyi masu yawa:

  • Tushen harbe. Kafin dasawa a cikin ƙasa ta bude, ana shuka su a cikin greenhouse na shekaru 1-2. A lokaci guda, duk halayen uwar daji suna kiyaye su.
  • Tsaba. Samar da 'ya'yan itace (watau shi ne iri) na hazel an yi a spring ko kaka. Fruiting daji zai fara a shekaru 5-6.
  • Ta hanyar rarraba. Anada rassan da ke da tushen 15 centimeters a tsawon tsaka daga tsire mai girma. Kowane seedling ana shuka dabam. Tare da taimakon wannan tsari na wuri yana yiwuwa ya lalata hazel hazel.
  • Cuttings. Don yin wannan, dauki ƙananan ƙananan ba ƙarami fiye da shekaru 1-2 ba.
  • Shiryawa. Rassan a cikin bazara sun durƙusa a kasa, an sanya su a cikin tsaunuka kuma an kara da cewa dropwise.
  • Inoculation Ana gudanar da wannan hanya a lokacin rani, kuma ana girbe cututtuka daga kaka.

Good Hazel seedlings (idan ka shirya shuka shi a matsayin horar da shuka) ya kamata a kalla 2-4 m twigs 30-50 cm tsawo da kuma 1-1.5 cm lokacin farin ciki, da kuma tushen tsarin ya kamata a branched.

Shin kuna sani? Nutritionally, 400 g na hazel kernels sune daidai da cin abinci maras aure guda daya.

Shirya shirye-shiryen rami

Samar da hazelnuts ya kamata a gudanar a cikin fall. Don farawa, tono ramuka da zurfin 50-60 cm da nisa na 80 cm, humus ko takin (10-15 kg), da ma'adinai na ma'adinai (superphosphate, potassium sulfate) da ƙasa mai arziki da aka cire daga ƙarƙashin hazelnut ana zuba cikin su. Nisa tsakanin ramin yana dogara da ƙarfin girma na iri-iri. Alal misali, don daji ya bar shi wajibi ne a samu akalla mita 4, don ma'auni - 1.5-2.5 mita. Akwai kuma dasa shuki tare da nests, inda aka sanya wasu seedlings a cikin zagaye kewaye da babban (game da 1 m) rami, ajiye distance tsakanin seedlings akalla 50 cm. babban daji.

Yana da muhimmanci! Majiyan marasa lafiya suna bukatar su tuna cewa pollen hazel ne ke haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen.

Dasa hazel a gonar

Kafin dasa gwaninta, tushen bishiyoyi an yanke su zuwa 20-25 cm, an shafe shi da mash daga cakuda taki da yumbu, sa'an nan kuma a shirya (ba daga baya fiye da makonni biyu ba kafin dasa shuki) rami, a nesa da mita 4-5 daga juna ( so don ƙirƙirar shinge). Dole ne a zubar da kayan lambu na gishiri (2 buckets ga kowane sapling). Bayan wannan, ana kusa da kwaskwarima ta kusa da kwasfa na 3-5 cm na peat ko humus, kuma an raunata rassan zuwa 20-25 cm.

Matsayin tushen wuyansa ya kamata a binne shi da 2-3 cm kuma bai rufe ƙasa ba, wanda zai kara da girma da kuma haɗuwa da asalinsu. Wajibi ne don daidaita ƙasa kawai a cikin sashi na yada tushen. Tun da yake hazel yana buƙatar gyarawa ta hanyar giciye, shrubs ya kamata a sanya gefen gefe, kuma zai fi kyau idan sun kasance iri dabam dabam. A karo na farko bayan dasa shuki hazelnuts, sararin samaniya tsakanin tsire-tsire za a iya amfani dashi ga amfanin gona.

Shin kuna sani? Hazel haushi yana da anti-mai kumburi, antiseptik, astringent Properties. Tincture shi taimaka tare da varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, cututtukan cututtuka, raunin bitamin, malaria, hauhawar jini, rickets.

Duk game da kula da hazelnut

Yawancin lokaci, kulawa da kananan bishiyoyi da ƙananan bishiyoyi an rage su don rassan bishiyoyi da mulkinsu, amma ga hazelnuts akwai fasaha na musamman na namo.

Watering da kula da ƙasa

Young seedlings bukatar fara watering a mako bayan dasa. Bayan lokuta masu yawa masu yawa, ƙananan kayan ƙasa za su haɗu, ɗakin dasa ba za a rabu da shi daga sauran ƙasa ba kuma zai rike matsayinta na rigar, samar da seedling tare da abubuwa masu muhimmanci don shekaru 3-4 masu zuwa. Idan shekara ta bushe, hazel na bukatar karin watering. Kada ka yi hakuri da ruwa - ya kamata a shayar da bishiyoyi a kalla sau ɗaya a wata. Tunawa yadda hazel da hazel ke tsiro kuma suna karuwa a yanayin yanayi, dole ne suyi la'akari da cewa suna da tsarri akan rassan tushen harbe kuma, saboda haka, don rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Sabili da haka, dole ne a lalata tsire-tsire a farkon tsufa, da zarar sun fara tashi a sama. Don samun sauƙin cirewa, mirgine ƙasa a kusa da kowace tsirrai kuma yanke da tsire a ƙasa. Ana gudanar da wannan tsari a farkon lokacin bazara.

Top dressing

Domin hazelnut su kawo girbi mai kyau, ba kawai dasa dace ba ne mai mahimmanci ba, amma ma wani kulawa. A cikin kaka, hazel an ciyar da phosphorus da potassium, kuma a cikin bazara daji zai buƙaci ammonium nitrate. Bugu da ƙari, domin dukan 'ya'yan itatuwa su yi girma a lokaci guda, suna amfani da takin mai magani - ana ciyar da su a Yuli. Fruiting da matasa shuke-shuke suna ciyar da shi a cikin fall ta amfani da takin gargajiya (taki, takin, superphosphate, potash gishiri) da 1 guga da 1 m².

Yana da muhimmanci! Young seedlings bukatar kaka ƙasa mulching.

Pruning hazel lambu

Hazel nut, dasawa da kulawa da abin da ke faruwa a dacha, da kuma dangin dangi, yana iya barin tushen harbe. Don adana yawan amfanin ƙasa, kada ku bari izinin rassan rassan cikin cikin daji (lokacin da yake kafa kambi, kawai 6-10 daga cikin rassan da suka fi dacewa sun bar cewa basu da kusa da juna).

Kamar yadda tsire-tsire ke tsiro, karkatarwa, lalacewa da rassan rassan sun cire. Kwayoyi masu shekaru ashirin suna maye gurbinsu da rawaya matasa, cire 2 "maza" a shekara.

Hazel jiyya don kwari da cututtuka

Ya faru da cewa hazel na yau da kullum ya fara bazuwa, kodayake saukewa da kulawa da yawa sunyi daidai da duk bukatun.

Wannan shi ne lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka da haka kamar hazel:

  1. nut weevil;
  2. koda koda;
  3. aphid;
  4. goro barbel;
  5. garkuwa;
  6. launin ruwan kasa;
  7. powdery mildew.

Bayan samun kwari a kanji, wajibi ne don girgiza su daga rassan, a baya suna watsa fim a karkashin daji. Haka kuma za a iya amfani da kwakwalwa don sarrafa kwari. Ana sarrafa su sau biyu a kowace kakar: kafin fashewar hutu da bayan bayyanar ganye. Don maganin cututtuka na hazel da hazel bada shawarar yin amfani da colloidal sulfur da boric acid. Idan a ƙarshen lokacin rani an fitar da su akan hazelnuts a manyan ɗakuna, to lallai tsire-tsire suna iya tsire tsire-tsire. An tattara su ta hannu ko amfani da su don kawar da sunadarai (idan akwai mummunan kisa). A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi na bayyanar kwari a cikin bazara, hawan daji ya kamata a tsabtace shi a lokaci, dajiyoyin da aka tattara a cikin fall ya kamata a tsaftace, kuma a lokacin rani kuma an cire 'ya'yan itatuwa masu tsami.

Shin kuna sani? Don ƙara yawan abun ciki na madara nono An bada shawarar yin amfani da hazel kernels don amfani a lokacin lactation.

Girbi

Hazel girbi ya fara a Agusta da farkon watan Satumba. Kwayar balaga mai rarrabe ta bambanta ne ta wani ply, wanda a cikakke 'ya'yan itace ya buɗe dan kadan kuma ya fara gushewa. An bushe girbi don makonni 2-3, wanda ya sa ya fi sauƙi don raba kernels daga ƙananan. Ana adana 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin masana'anta ko jakunkuna a cikin wuri mai bushe - to, baza su rasa dandano a cikin shekaru biyu ba.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwan hazel ɗin da ba su da kyau suna da sauri.

Kowane kyakkyawan shrubs za a iya amfani dashi don dalilai na ado, don haka kasancewar "mai zaman gandun daji" a kan shafin ya zama wani zaɓi mai tsafta don gyara shimfidar wuri. Kuna buƙatar sanin abin da hazel yake, zabi iri-iri masu dacewa, shuka daidai da bin ka'idojin kulawa.