Tsaba

Mene ne tsari da nauyinta?

Kalmar "stratification" Wani lokacin yana firgita kawai tare da sauti, yana sauti sosai a kimiyyar. Duk da haka, duk mai zama mai rani mai tsanani, mazaunin lambu ko mai sayad da furanni ba da daɗewa ba ko kuma baya fuskantar wannan tsari a cikin aiki. Bari mu ga abin da yake rarraba tsaba da yadda za a gudanar da shi yadda ya dace.

Shin kuna sani? Maganar nan ta ɓoye ta fito ne daga kalmomin Latin biyu stratum - bene da fuska - don yin. A karo na farko an yi amfani dashi a 1664 a cikin littafin Silva "Magana game da bishiyar gandun daji da haifuwa don shiga".

Stratification - menene shi, ko kuma abin da yake damuwa?

Kowane mutum ya sani cewa duk abin da ke cikin yanayi ya yi la'akari da hikima kuma babu abin da ya faru ba tare da dalili ba. Wannan kuma ya shafi ci gaban shuke-shuke. Saboda haka, a yawancin albarkatun gona, tsaba da aka shuka suna fada a cikin ƙasa yayin da har yanzu suna da ikon yin girma.

Idan fitowar sun fito daga gare su nan da nan, ba su tsira ba a yanayin hunturu. Kuma sabõda haka, tsaba ba su kashe kullun ba, an rufe su da harsashi mai zurfi da ke kare su daga sanyi, daga snow, kuma daga cikin matsanancin laima.

Amma, banda harsashi, akwai kuma kare rayuka - an shirya tsaba don kada su cigaba har sai sun kwanta na wani lokaci a wani ƙananan zafin jiki, game da digiri 0, a cikin wani wuri mai laushi da kuma samun damar zuwa iska. Wadannan ka'idodi ne wajibi ne don tsarin tafiyar da ilimin lissafi na shirya tsaba don germination.

Duk da yake a cikin hutawa, suna dauke da sunadarai na musamman wanda zai hana su daga tsiro - masu haɓaka girma. Tare da zuwan bazara da kuma farawa na zafin rana, gashin gashin gashi ya zama mafi sauƙi, ƙarshen lokacin ƙayyadaddun halitta ya ƙare. An hana sukar masu cin nasara a hankali, kuma an maye gurbin su ta hanyar bunkasa masu bunkasa girma. Yaran na fara fara girma, kuma tsaba suna ci gaba a cikin ƙasa.

Yanzu kuna da ra'ayi game da tsarin tsarin rarrabewar tsaba, game da abin da yake kuma dalilin da yasa yake faruwa. Bayan haka, zamu tattauna game da yadda za a gudanar da wannan hanya ta hanyar wucin gadi, a gida.

Bayan haka, idan mutum yana bukatar cimmawa don yada tsire-tsire ta hanyar hanyar iri, dole ne ya haifar da yanayi don shuka iri, kamar na halitta, wanda ke faruwa a cikin hunturu da kuma bazara.

Idan aka ba da ma'anar bayani game da ɓarna, wannan ita ce sunan tsarin halitta na canzawa daga tsaba daga yanayin hutawa zuwa yanayin ci gaba da bunƙasa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar tasirin muhalli na waje. A cikin aiwatar da wucin gadi - Wannan shi ne shiri na shuka na farko kafin ya shuka tsaba don inganta hanzarin germination da germination ta wani lokacin da aka ƙaddara. A gaskiya, abin kwaikwayo ne ga wasu yanayi na yanayi don cire tsaba daga yanayin hutawa da kuma shirya su don lokacin ci gaba.

Don bayyana yadda za a sassaƙa tsaba, da kuma abin da yake saba wa al'ada ko yanayin dakin, ya zama dole a bayyana: domin tsarin shuka germination, abubuwa uku masu muhimmanci sun zama dole - yanayin yanayin zafi mai kyau, yanayi mai tsabta da samun damar oxygen.

Lokacin da aka sanya tsaba a cikin irin wannan yanayi, bayan wani lokaci, ƙwayoyin da suke da wuya, ƙyama da ƙuduri, kuma matakan hadaddun sunadarai na faruwa a cikin nau'in kanta, wanda zai haifar da girma da amfrayo da kuma neman su samo haske da abinci.

Sabili da haka, ana bada shawara akan shawarwarin don girma da kuma haifar da tsire-tsire masu yawa ta hanyar amfani da hanyar iri don shuka tsaba kafin shuka, suna cewa wannan zai ba da damar sprouts su hau tare daidai a irin lokacin da ake bukata don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa.

Nau'in stratification

Bisa ga hanyoyi na stratification, akwai nau'i hudu:

  • sanyi
  • dumi
  • hade;
  • tashi.
Don bayani game da yadda za a zana tsaba a cikin kowane hanyoyi, duba sashi na "Tsarin gyaran kayan dasa."

Har ila yau, akwai nau'o'in nau'i daban-daban dangane da aiwatar da shi:

  • kaka;
  • hunturu;
  • spring.
A cikin fall, ana shuka tsaba tare da dogon sanyi da sanyi. Wadannan sun hada, misali, 'ya'yan itace da conifers.

Daidai kafin Sabon Shekara, an aiwatar da nauyin tsaba, wanda ya bukaci ciyar da sati daya cikin dumi da makonni shida a cikin sanyi don shuka. Wadannan sun hada da kayan ado da na cikin gida - misali, iris, lavender, violets, clematis, da dai sauransu.

A farkon lokacin bazara, sun shuka tsaba da ke buƙata kawai lokacin sanyi - rana daya cikin zafi, daya ko biyu makonni cikin sanyi. Wannan hanya ta dace da perennials - delphinium, primrose, aquilegia, da dai sauransu.

Abin da tsaba ke buƙatar stratification

Mahimmanci, ana amfani da shinge don tsaba da suke da wuyar shukawa, misali, 'ya'yan itace, gandun daji, amfanin gona.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ba dukkanin amfanin gona da ake shuka ba su buƙatar hanya ta hanyar ɓatarwa. Alal misali, bazai buƙata tsire-tsire masu girma cikin yanayin yanayi a cikin yanayin zafi, a yankuna inda babu sanyi. Hanyoyin da wani lokacin raguwa (tumatir, eggplant, barkono, kabewa, da dai sauransu) ba sa bukatar shi ko dai.
Mutum na iya siffanta tsaba daga cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kafin dasa shuki za'a iya samuwa a cikin wallafe-wallafe na musamman, littattafai masu tsire-tsire, da kuma bayani game da lakabin rubutu ga nau'in kayan.

Yawan lokacin da za a zurfafa iri zai dogara ne akan irin shuka. Kowannensu yana da tsawon lokaci na hutawa da ciyayi. Ta haka ne, tsawon lokacin damuwa ga kowane zai zama na musamman. Sabili da haka, nau'in abincin kawai zai buƙatar kwance a cikin sanyi da damshi don watanni uku zuwa hudu, wasu zasu isa don kwanaki 10-15.

Shin kuna sani? A matsayinka na mai mulki, tsawon lokacin da aka fizgewa a yawancin tsire-tsire na daga watanni zuwa wata shida. Hannun abubuwa zasu iya tsira har zuwa shekaru biyu.

Yadda za a shirya tsaba don stratification

Kafin ci gaba da kai tsaye zuwa tsirrai da tsaba, yana da kyawawa don disinfect da su by soaking su na rabin sa'a a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate (0.5%). Na gaba, dole ne a wanke su, tsabtace su kuma suyi. An wanke su a hanyar da ake sabawa a ruwa a dakin da zazzabi. Bayyana daga nama mai laushi, kada ku taɓa harsashi mai wuya.

Sa'an nan kuma soyayye na tsawon sa'o'i 6-12 cikin ruwan sanyi. Wannan zai ba da izinin tsaba su sha ruwan inganci don ƙarfafa hanyoyin tafiyar da sinadaran ciki da kuma hanzarta aiwatar da tsari na shinge. Wasu tsaba suna buƙatar yin haka cikin ruwa mai dumi (15-20 ° C) kafin kumburi. Bayan haka sai an bushe tsaba.

Yana da muhimmanci! Sai kawai busassun tsaba sun dace da stratification. In ba haka ba, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar danshi, zasu iya fara aiwatar da juyawa..

Har ila yau, wajibi ne a shirya wani matashi don ƙaddamarwa. Dace da adana tsaba yashi, peat, burbushin sphagnum, vermiculite; a cakuda peat da yashi (1: 1). Da adadin shi ya zama sau uku fiye da tsaba da kansu. Wata mahimmanci zai zama disinfection na substrate - Dole ne a fuskanci yanayin zafi don kashe kwari da cututtuka. Yi yiwu ta ajiye ƙasa a cikin tanda na sa'a ɗaya a zafin jiki na 100-120 ° C ko minti 10 a iko mafi girma a cikin injin na lantarki. Sayarda sayen magani na ƙasa bai zama dole ba.

Ana shuka tsaba a cikin substrate. Za su iya kawai fada barci a cikin ƙasa da Mix. Ko kuwa, idan sun kasance babba, suna rarraba su a kan wani ma'auni na ƙasa, kuma suna rufe su da wani Layer. Zai yiwu akwai irin wannan nau'i.

An shayar da gurbin zuwa jihar har sai ruwan ya fara fitowa. Sa'an nan kuma wajibi ne a jira kadan don ƙasa ta bushe, ya rigar, amma ba rigar ba. Yanzu za mu iya ci gaba da kai tsaye zuwa tsari na ƙaddamarwa.

Tsayar da Tsarin Tsarin Dama

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don sa tsaba ga stratification. Mafi sauki daga gare su - Tsarin gine-gine na tsaba yana da shi a cikin firiji, ginshiki ko wani dakin sanyi. Lokacin yin amfani da firiji, zaka iya sanya madogara da tsaba a cikin tukwane, tukwane da aka rufe da tsare, ko kawai a cikin jaka-filaye - don ajiye sarari.

Ana ajiye tankuna a kan shiryayye na kasa. A lokaci guda, wajibi ne a sanya hannu kan sunan shuka da kwanan wata don sanyawa. Har ila yau, a cikin fina-finai, tabbatar da yin ramuka don samun iska.

Zai yiwu a sanya tsaba a cikin jaka filastik, sa'an nan kuma a cikin akwati da kuma binne don lokacin hunturu, kafin snow ya narke, cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da fara zafi sai an motsa su zuwa firiji.

Yanayin substrat da tsaba dole ne a duba kowane 10-15 days. Yana da mahimmanci don hana tsire-tsire daga bushewa. Ana bada shawara don tsaftace shi lokaci-lokaci tare da narke ruwa. Dole ne a cire cirewa maras kyau.

Cold stratification

Mafi yawan zafin jiki na yanayin sanyi shine + 4 ... +5 ° C. Ya kamata a yi zafi a matakin 65-75%.

Ana amfani da wannan hanya don tsire-tsire masu girma waɗanda suke girma a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi a lokacin dumi da sanyi, kuma lokacin girma ya ƙare a cikin fall. Wadannan 'ya'yan itace ne,' ya'yan itace, wasu kayan lambu, flower da wasu albarkatu.

Warm stratification

Tare da dumi-dumi, tsaba na dan gajeren lokaci suna nunawa da zafin jiki na + 18 ... +22 ° C da zafi na 70%.

Yawanci, ana amfani da wannan hanyar don amfanin gona. Alal misali, tsaba na tumatir, cucumbers, eggplants, da barkono za su iya zama sunyi kwana ɗaya ko biyu a ruwa mai dumi da kuma sanya shi cikin dakin dumi.

Wasu tsaba zasu buƙaci haɗin gwiwa, wanda aka yi a cikin matakai biyu tare da tasirin yanayin yanayin zafi. Don aiwatarwa, an sanya tsaba a wasu lokutan (daga 1 zuwa 7 watanni) a dakin dumi da zafin jiki na + 20 ... +25 ° C. Kuma a lokacin, bayan sun yi zafi, ana sanya su a wuri mai sanyi (0-5 ° C).

An yi amfani da wannan jinsin ga tsire-tsire, abin da ake buƙata don germination wanda shine canji na yanayi. Wadannan sun haɗa da, misali, yew, hawthorn, viburnum, apricot, plum, da sauransu.

A cikin yanayin fitattu, ana amfani da hanyoyi masu yawa tare da sauyawa na yanayin zafi da ƙananan yanayi. Bayan sasantawa, tsaba suna shirye don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai ƙaddamarwa ko a cikin tukunya.

Shin zai yiwu ba a rarrabe tsaba da yadda yake barazana ga girbi

Amsar mafi sauki ga wannan tambaya shine sanannun sanannun: "Ba za ku tafi da dabi'a ba." Idan tsaba basu da horo na musamman, to, za su sami masu haɓaka masu yawa, wanda ba zai ba su damar bazuwa ba. A wannan yanayin, za a iya jinkirta tsarin shuka su zuwa tsawon lokaci - zasu iya hawa ne kawai bayan shekara ɗaya ko biyu, sa'an nan kuma bayar da cewa ba su mutu a wannan lokaci.

Duk da haka, duk wannan ya shafi farko da wašannan tsire-tsire waɗanda suke sabawa su girma a yanayin yanayin damuwa tare da canji a cikin zafin jiki da zafi. Wadannan al'adu inda waɗannan yanayi suke da daidaito ba sa bukatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don shuka tsaba, zasu iya ninka a ko'ina cikin shekara.

Idan kuna da sha'awar wannan tambayar, wace irin furanni dole ne a tilasta shi a kan wani mahimmanci, to lallai shi ne dukkanin perennials. Tsarin ƙararrawa da man shanu (anemone, clematis, peony), barberry, honeysuckle, primrose, magonia, lilac, masauki, cornflower, cloves, dolphinarium, da dai sauransu, na buƙatar matsin sanyi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin ci gaba da yaduwa da tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire na tsaba, wajibi ne a bincika bayanai game da lokaci da tsawon wannan tsari na wannan al'ada.
Saboda haka, aiwatar da tsirrai iri a gida ba wuya. Sanin ka'idodin ka'idoji da alamun da aka ba da shawarar, wannan tsari za a iya aiwatar da shi har ma da wani mai baƙar fata mai furewa ko mazaunin rani.