Grain sorghum - Daya daga cikin hatsi, abinci da albarkatun abinci, wanda aka fi sani da shi a matsayin kayan abinci na man fetur. Kwanan nan, duk da haka, wannan ciyawa ya sami karbuwa sosai a tsakanin magoya bayan masu cin abinci mai gina jiki da abinci masu dacewa, wadanda suka bada shawarar cewa a hada da sorghum a cikin abinci ga masu kallon nauyin su. Gaskiyar ita ce alkama da wasu hatsi na dauke da wasu sunadarai na musamman, gluten, wanda zai haifar da cututtuka, ya hana ƙaddarar jiki kuma yana inganta ci gaban suturar mai a cikin takalma. Amma sorghum ya ƙunshi ƙananan alkama da yawan fiber, don haka hatsin ya zama tushen abinci mai kyau a duk faɗin duniya kuma yana girma a kusan dukkanin ƙasashen da ake kira latitudes.
Sanya cikin juyawa
Za'a iya gwada masu sa ido don sorghum ta hanyar alamun alamomi guda uku. Zai dace a cikin sharuddan danshi yana ajiya a cikin ƙasa - alkama na alkama; by tarkace - oats da beetskuma da yawa daga amfanin gona sharan gona - spring sha'ir, hunturu alkama, fodder gwoza. Saboda haka, waɗanda suka riga sun tafi don su:
- alkama na alkama;
- spring sha'ir da masara;
- fodder gwoza;
- oats;
- sunflower
Masara - Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci ga sorghum, yayin da yake bar danshi da abubuwan gina jiki, wanda zai taimaka wajen ci gaba da ci gaban ƙwayar hatsi. Rashin masara a cikin wannan yanayin ya wuce yawan amfanin gona, wanda ya sa ya yi wuyar noma ƙasa kafin shuka da kuma kulawa. Sabili da haka, idan an yi amfani da masara a matsayin mai ƙaddara, to, a lokacin ƙayyadadden lokacin kaka ya kamata a biya shi don shimfida ƙasa da dasa shuki daga gona. Tsuntsu na iya zama magabata, amma yayin amfani da shi, yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da halakar seedlings na drop.Akwai alamu na canzawa na amfanin gonar amfanin gonar gona:
I.
- Black steam;
- Alkama na alkama;
- Alkama na alkama;
- Masara (hatsi) + sorghum a ½;
- Masara ga silage;
- Alkama na alkama;
- Pea;
- Alkama na alkama;
- Sunflower
Ii.
- Green Peas;
- Alkama na alkama;
- Masara (hatsi);
- Masara ga silage;
- Alkama na alkama;
- Sorghum;
- Ganye hatsi;
- Peas (hatsi);
- Alkama na alkama;
- Sunflower
Shin kuna sani? Makirci zai iya bambanta dangane da yanayin samarwa. Tsayawa mai saurin yanayi: bayan sorghum, kawai albarkatun ruwa ya kamata a shuka.
Ƙasar Sorghum
Tsarin fasaha don namun daji na sorghum yana samar da wasu ayyuka na shirye-shirye ga kasar gona: halakar weeds, shimfida yanayin ƙasa da ƙasa. Sorghum zuwa ƙasa ba ma da wuya, nauyi mai nauyi, mai haske da salin kasa. Mafi nasara ga sorghum ne mai laushi, mai sanyi, mai kyau da kuma mai da ƙasa. Tillage kafin shuka ya kamata kunshi hargitsi kasar gona a farkon spring da daya ko biyu noma.
Soya sorghum taki
Sorghum - al'ada da ke da buƙatar takin mai magani, duk da ikonsa na samar da batura daga ƙasa. Kayan shuka ya dace da ma'adinai da takin gargajiya kuma ya cinye su sosai a cikin tattalin arziki.
Sorghum yana bukatar kusan sau biyu, ko ma sau uku ba da nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium fiye da masara. Nitrogen ya zama wajibi ne don al'ada don ci gaba mai girma da kuma kara girman filin katako, don haka, don samun amfanin gona mai kyau, kana buƙatar yin asarar nitrogen. Phosphorus yana da mahimmanci a rayuwar ƙwayar hatsi, yawanta zai zama daya da rabi zuwa sau biyu ba da nitrogen ba, kimanin 90-100 kg / ha don ban ruwa. Potassium yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka sukari a hatsin sorghum.
Tare da karamin amfanin gona (har zuwa 5 ton na 1 ha), sorghum yana cin potassium daga ƙasa, don haka yana samar da kanta tare da wannan ma'adinai a kansa. Idan yawan amfanin ƙasa na sorghum shine kimanin 7-10 ton na 1 ha, akwai kasawa da potassium, don haka kana buƙatar yin shi tare da sauran takin mai magani a cikin adadin 40-60 kg a kowace hectare.
Yana da daraja tunawa da takin mai magani na nitrogen, lokacin da ake amfani da shi tare da takin mai magani phosphate, yana da mummunar tasiri akan germination. Saboda haka, kana buƙatar yin taki a gida da kuma zurfafa tsaba. Idan an yi amfani da taki a wannan hanya, yawan amfanin ƙasa zai karu da 3-3.5 sau fiye da lokacin da ake amfani da taki sosai don noma. Sorghum kuma yana son takin gargajiya, irin su taki, a cikin nauyin 10-20 ton a kowace hectare. Zai fi kyau a yi shi a cikin fall lokacin da ake shirya ƙasa da kuma bazara, ajiye shi daga tsaba, a gida da zurfi fiye da shuka.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku wuce yawan shawarar da ake amfani da shi na nitrogen mai magani, yana taimakawa ga tarawar abubuwa masu cyanide masu guba a cikin duhu na sorghum, wanda ke da haɗari a yayin da ake girma amfanin gona don fodder kore.
Zaɓin iri da iri iri
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don rarraba sorghum., bisa ga mahimmancin nau'in irin wannan hatsi a al'ada. Mafi mahimmanci na al'adu guda uku na sorghum: hatsi, sukari da tsintsiya. An yi amfani da nauyin karshen don samar da goge da brooms, da kuma sukari sorghum - don ciyar da dalilai da kuma samo molasses daga mai tushe.
Kwayar hatsi ya hada da dukan iri dake girma don hatsi. Tsawon su mai tushe daga rabin mita ne zuwa daya da rabi, hatsi yana zagaye kuma banda, sauƙin fada. Daga cikin hatsi iri dake da yawan amfanin ƙasa, sanyi da juriya na fari, emit Gaskiya 11, Horizon, Krymdar 10, Saturn, Kuban Red 1677, Orange 450, Cactus, Odessa 205, da Stepnoy 5 hybrids, Rossorg 4 da Zernograd 8.
Don makonni da dama, ana shirya shirye-shiryen sorghum don shuka.. Ana kwantar da su don kauce wa shan kashi na cututtukan fungal da cututtuka na kwayan cuta da kuma halakar da microflora na ciki, wanda ke rinjayar girma. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da masu aiki tare, irin su "Fentiuram" ("TMTD" 40% + jan ƙarfe trichlorophenolate 10% + GHTSG15% isomer), sunyi aiki fiye da fuka-fuka kadai.
A yau, akwai kwayoyi masu duniya wanda ya sa ya yiwu a bi da tsaba tare da hanyar bushewa. Tare da irin wanka, 5-10 l na ruwa + hade da haɗin gwaninta 1.5-2 kg + gilashin gilashin gilashi 150 g ana amfani da nauyin ton 1 na tsaba.
Shin kuna sani? Masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa girbin iri na Kuban Red iri 1677 da Orange 450 watanni shida kafin shuka ya kara yawan germination daga 45 zuwa 68%.
Mafi kyawun lokaci don sutura shuka
Wani lokacin shuka mai dacewa shine lokacin da yawancin zafin jiki na yau da kullum a zurfin mita 10 a cikin ƙasa shine + 14 ... +16 ° C. Da farkon shuka, seedlings ne rare da overgrown tare da weeds. A yanayin zafi mafi kyau, tsirrai zasu bayyana a ranar 10 zuwa 14 bayan shuka, kuma idan zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa + 25 ... +28 ° C, - a ranar 5-6th.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba da shawarar ba don shawarar sorghum daga zuriya a farkon spring. A lokacin da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi, tsaba ba za su yi germinate ba.
Hanyar dasa shuki na Sorghum
Daga cikin dukan hatsi na hatsi na da kananan tsaba, duk da cewa cewa hybrids da iri suna da bambanci a cikin nau'in tsaba. Tare da halin da ake ciki na sorghum zuwa matsananciyar yunwa, kana buƙatar la'akari da nauyin nauyin nauyin nau'in nau'in, wadda aka lasafta ta hanyar nisa tsakanin layuka da yawancin tsire-tsire a kowace hectare. An shuka yawan shuka kimanin 160-170 a kowace 1 ha. A matsakaita, shi ne 10-14 kg a kowace hectare.
Kayyadadden ƙwayar shuka sorghum, ya kamata la'akari da gonar tsaba. Tsaba na zamani hybrids mai kyau quality suna da high awon germination (daga 82% zuwa 95%), amma low filin kama - 12-19%.
Shuka tsaba da ake buƙatar rigar ƙasa, alhali kuwa ba maƙalar ba. Tun da sorghum karamin amfanin gona ne, tare da mai zurfin shuka shuka zai kara, tsire-tsire za su bayyana rauni kuma basu da tsayayya ga yanayin mummunan yanayi. Mafi kyau duka zurfin shine 7 cm. Yayin da aka bushe sama na sama na ƙasa, za'a iya jingina har zuwa 10-12 cm, tare da gyaran rollers bayan shuka. Idan kafin shuka ruwan sama mai yawa, za ku iya barin zurfin 4 cm. Wannan zurfin ya fi dacewa akan ƙasa mai shayarwa.
Ana samun yawan amfanin ƙasa na sorghum ta hanyar lura da kananan nisa daga layuka tsakanin layuka - 60 da 45 cm. Rage nisa tsakanin layuka tare da wannan nau'in ya ba ka damar rarraba tsire-tsire a cikin layuka, ya fi kyau samar da su da abinci da ƙãra yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Abincin noma na Sorghum
Cibiyar fasaha ta Sorghum ta hada da ayyuka da yawa. Na farko bayan shuka - Giraguwa tare da rollers, wanda daga bisani lumps da aka tsaga daga ƙasa ya zama wani tsari. Bayan kwanaki 5 bayan shuka, ana haifar da damuwa da sorghum tare da matsakaici harrows don halakar da weeds.
Idan bayan sunyi sanyi sai ya dawo, kuma sorghum ranar 10th bai isa fiye da 2-3 cm ba, ya kamata a sake maimaita matsalar. A farkon irin wannan hanya, ana cinye weeds da 60%, kuma bayan na biyu - ta 85%. Kwanan lokaci yana da saurin maye gurbin daya daga cikin noma.
Bayan ruwan sama mai zurfi, ɓawon burodi ya kasance a saman ƙasa, dole ne a lalace a lokaci, saboda hakan yana hana ci gaban seedlings. Kafin fitowar sprouts, za a iya cinye ɓawon burodi, amma idan an kafa ta a lokacin yaduwar germination, to ya kamata a shafe ta tare da juyawa a cikin sauri (gudun zuwa 9 km / h). Ƙarin kula ya hada da horar da masu aikin gona a cikin lokaci, wanda ya hada da takin a lokaci ɗaya. Noma taimaka cire weeds, saturates tushen tsarin tare da oxygen, da kuma riƙe danshi kafin flowering da ripening na tsaba.
Noma farawa da zarar layuka na sorghum suna bayyane. Rigar da farko shine ya zama 10-12 cm. Ana gaba da shi a cikin makonni 2-3 tare da zurfin 8-10 cm, kuma na uku - a cikin 'yan makonni bayan na biyu zuwa zurfin 6-8 cm.
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin da ake gudanar da zubar da jini tare da masu aikin gona, wajibi ne a ci gaba da nisa daga yankin tsaro a 10-12 cm.
Gudanar da sako da cutar da kuma cutar kariya
Mafi yawan cututtukan weeds don sorghum - Waɗannan su ne bristles, wanda ya zama 90-95% na jimlar nauyin weeds. Suna da sauƙi halakar da sorghum harrowing a cikin germination lokaci. Bayan sunadarai da tsire-tsire, sun zama masu tsayayya da mummunan ciki da wasu herbicides. Zaka iya hallaka su "Agritox" (0.7-1.7 kg a kowace hectare), "2.4 D" (0.5-1 kg a kowace hectare), "2M-4X" (0.5-1.1 kg a kowace hectare).
Sulhuƙar hatsi na iya shawo kan wadannan kwari irin su aphid, asu na auduga, fata mai tsabta, tsirrai, da masu tsaron waya. Wadannan kwari suna haifar da lalacewar amfanin gona ta hanyar cin ganye, ganye, layi, da hatsi. Don magance rigaya yada kwari, ya zama dole a gudanar da maganin tare da Operkot (0.16 kg a kowace hectare) da Zenit mai kwari (0.2 l kowace hectare). Yayin da ake haifar da taro daga kwari-ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta - yad da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Bi-58".
Idan an samo larvae a kan bishiyoyi guda daya, maimaita spraying bayan kwanaki 15 tare da shirye-shirye na nazarin halittu "Hapelin" (0.8-1.0 kg a kowace hectare), Dendrobatsillin (0.5-1.0 kg a kowace hectare), da Lepidocide ( 1.5-2.0 kg a kowace hectare). Daga cikin cututtuka sorghum mafi yawan fallasa leaf spots, smut, tsatsa, kara rot, gelmintosporiozu, fusarium da alternariosis, wanda ya rage amfanin gona.
Don hana wannan, wajibi ne don halakar albarkatu na amfanin gona a lokaci mai dacewa, cire wuraren lalacewa, noma ƙasa, gwangwani tsaba, da kuma amfani da man fetur da phosphate da takin mai magani, tun da yake ba zai yiwu a shuka girbi mai kyau na sorghum ba tare da bin wadannan matakan fasaha ba.
Sorghum Harvesting
Ana baza hatsi na Sorghum ba, ana girbe lokacin da hatsi ya cika. A lokaci guda kafin tsaftacewa ƙayyade zafi. Bambanci na sorghum shi ne cewa hatsi yakan tsufa a cikin wani kwanon rufi, lokacin da dukkanin launi na har yanzu kuma yana da ruwan inji mai kashi 60%, kuma mai tushe ne 70%. A danshi abun ciki na hatsi ya zama 25-30%, to, za ka iya fara tsaftacewa.
Girbi girbi kai tsaye ta amfani da injin girbi. Don guje wa katse hatsi a lokacin kullun, an rage gudun zuwa 500-600 a minti daya. Domin samun hatsi mai bushe, dole ne a gudanar da tsabtataccen tsabtatawa, musamman ma don farawa iri iri. An yi amfani da maƙallin ZHN-6, wanda ya zama babban taro a kashin da aka yanke (har zuwa 15 cm) kuma ya sanya shi a cikin takarda.
Makonni biyu bayan hatsi da ganye an bushe a cikin juyi, ana yin fashewa ta hanyar hadawa. An cire narkakken ganyen yayin da aka watsar da panicle, yana barin ragowar 10-12 cm.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dole ne a ciyar da ƙwayar kore mai yisti bayan an shafe sa'a hudu don hana guba mai yiwuwa tare da abubuwa cyanide.
