A kalmar "saniya", mutane da yawa daga cikinmu suna tunanin kyawawan launin fata da fararen fata tare da babban santsi.
Wannan shi ne yadda dutsen tudu - wakilai na irin, daya daga cikin uku mafi mashahuri a Rasha, kama.
Kullmogory shanu suna da kyau wanda ya dace da yanayin sanyi, da kuma su madara yana da babban abun ciki da kuma babban dandano.
Tarihi
Kholmogory shanu irin wanzu a cikin karni na XVII a yankin Arkhangelsk. Wannan sunan ya fito ne daga wurin Kholmogory. A karkashin Peter I, Arkhangelsk ya zama mafi girma tashar jiragen ruwa, cibiyar kasuwanci tare da mafi yawan kasashen Turai.
Sauyin yanayi ya taimaka wajen kiwon waddan shanu.. A cikin ambaliyar ruwa na arewacin Dvina akwai yankuna da yawa da ke ciyayi da ke cike da ciyawa da ciyawa.Buƙatar buƙatun kiwo sun kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa: madara da kuma sauran kayayyakin aikin gona sun fitar da su daga Arkhangelsk ta teku.
Duk da cewa kusan kusan ƙarni biyu, an kawo shanu da shanu na wasu nau'in a cikin Arkhangelsk, ba shi yiwuwa a yi magana game da tasirin su a kan tuddai.
A zamanin Soviet, masana kimiyya sun gudanar da bincike game da kiwo, a lokacin da aka kori shanun Kholmogory tare da wakilan Holstein da Dutch.
Dalilin hayewa shi ne don ƙara yawan yawan madara. Amma ya bayyana cewa 'ya'yan nau'i-nau'i nau'i, ko da yake sun ba da madara mai yawa, sai ya bambanta da ƙananan mai.
A lokaci guda, dandano da wasu alamomi sun ɓata. A wannan bangaren, aikin da aka zaɓa ya ƙare.
Kholmogory irin wanzu ne a matsayin mai zaman kanta na shekaru da dama, amma ya kasance an rubuta shi a shekarar 1937.
Bayyanar
Dabbobi na wannan nau'i sune manyan, tsayi da tsayi da yawa. Height a withers a cikin manya - har zuwa 130-140 cm. Launi yafi baƙar fata da fari, tsinkaye. Akwai dabbobi gaba daya baki, da wuya - launin ja da launi.
Nauyin kai yana elongated, wuyansa ya fi dacewa. Kundin tsarin mulki yana da ƙarfi, an kafa sassan jikinsa daidai, madaidaicin layin kashin baya da tsayayyen hali ne. A tsawo a cikin sacrum bambanta daga tsawo a withers by 5-7 cm.
Udder yana da siffar zagaye da matsakaici. Haka kuma akwai shanu tare da nono kofin-dimbin yawa kuma, da wuya, goat siffar. Lokaci-lokaci akwai nono tare da ɓangare na uku na nipples. Halin siffofi shine cylindrical, elongated.
"Kholmogorskaya" irin shanu: halaye da hotuna
Cows mai girma suna kimanin kilo 550. Game da ƙananan bijimai, nauyi zai iya zama ya fi girma: har zuwa 800-850 kg. Akwai misalai lokacin da awaki na kabilan wannan nau'in nauyin nauyin ton guda.
Ana haifar da baƙuka fiye da 30 kg.. Gobies, a matsayin mulkin, riga a haife shi ne dan kadan fiye da kajin. A cikin watanni shida, idan ana kula da calves a hankali, sun auna: bullheads - kimanin kilo 180, calves - kg 150-170. Da watanni 18, calves yayi nauyi har zuwa 370-390 kg.
Wata ƙwayar tsofaffi tana ba da nauyin kilo 3200-3800 na madara a kowace shekara, kuma tare da yanayi mai kyau na samar da madara zai iya ƙaruwa zuwa kg dubu shida. Milk mai abun ciki shine yawanci fiye da 3%, har zuwa 3.87%.
Har ila yau, akwai wasu nau'in shanu wanda yawancin noma suke ciki, kamar: Jersey, Simmental, Ayshir, Red Steppe.
Hoton "Kholmogorsky" irin shanu:
BUYUWA!A cikin farkon 2000s, wani kudan zuma mai kyan gani, wanda aka kirkiro a cikin Tolstopaltsevo gwajin gwagwarmaya (yankin Moscow), ya zama sananne a cikin kwararru.
Sun gudanar da nasarar samar da madaidaicin yawan madara na 6484 kilogiram na madara (mai ciki mai ciki 3.9%, protein 3.31%). Daga cikin wasu hanyoyi, ana amfani da fasahar gwaji na amfani da launi guda biyu, wanda ya bambanta da na al'ada - sau uku.
A halin yanzu, irin waɗannan nau'o'in nau'in ana inganta su kamar siffar nono da kuma lactation. Masana kimiyya da masu shayarwa suna aiki don inganta jiki na shanu, neman su kuma gano hanyoyin da za su kara yawan yawan madara da madara mai madara. Ayyukan shine a cimma kashi 4% madara mai madara da kuma shawo kan wannan matsala.
A cikin duka, akwai wasu kashi uku na Kholmogory irin su: Pechora, Arewa da Tsakiya, halayyar Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk da Moscow yankuna.
Gina da kuma kulawa
Dokokin don kiyayewa da kula da tsaunuka Kada ku bambanta da shawarwarin da aka dace. Tsare mai tsabta, busassun wuri mai kyau, mai cin abinci mai kyau ya zama dole don lafiyar dabbobi da samun cikakken madara.
Tun da yake Kholmogory iri ne na kowa a yankuna da dama na Rasha da kasashe makwabtaka, yawancin abincin ya bambanta daidai da yanayin gida.
Cututtuka
Hilltop da lafiya mai kyau da kuma babban kariya. Yayi fushi da matsananciyar yanayin da ke arewa maso gabashin, ba su da mawuyacin yanayin sanyi.
An samo kaɗan: tarin fuka, rheumatism, cututtuka.
High cutar sankarar bargo juriya. Na gode wa kokarin masu shayarwa, wannan yanayin yana kiyaye shi a cikin dabbobin da aka ketare - zuriyar tsaunuka da Holsteins.
Game da ƙwarewa da kulawa
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gudanar da karatun da suka yi nazari:
- da yiwuwar yin amfani da sababbin kayan gine-gine na gidaje na dabbobi;
- zaɓuɓɓuka don kwanakin rana, sakamakonsa akan samar da madara;
- iri-iri daban-daban;
- hanyoyi don rage yawan kuɗin samar da madara.
Ana ba da shawara don amfani da sababbin kayan gini ("Polyterm" da sauransu), m da halayyar muhalli.
Nuna cewa Dabbobi suna jure wa yankuna biyu. Tsarin mulki zuwa wannan tsarin yana ƙara yawan asarar madara da kuma taimakawa wajen rage farashin samarwa.
Dabbobin shanu na Kholmogory iri suna da amfani mai ban mamaki. Wadannan dabbobi ba su da kyau, suna dacewa da yanayin matsanancin yanayi, da kyau a cikin wasu yankuna.
Milk da samfurori da aka sanya daga gare ta suna da dandano mai kyau.
Yawancin Kholmogory ya shahara a yankuna da yawa na Rasha. Ana iya samun su a gonaki Ukraine, Moldova da sauran ƙasashe.
Holmogorks suna shanu sosai, suna kawo farin ciki ga wadanda suke girma da kuma wadanda suke son abincin da aka yi da madara da kayan kiwo.
