Ba kowa da kowa san abin da gero yake. Gero - Wannan hatsi ne na shekara-shekara na iyalin hatsi. Al'adu yana da nauyin nau'i mai nau'i mai launin fata da babban adadin nau'ikan da ke fitowa daga tushe. A inflorescence ne paniculata, kowace spikelet yana da furanni biyu - bisexual da asexual.
An kunnen kunne na wani shuka a gefe daya, an ɗora a kan ɗayan. 'Ya'yan itãcen shuka shine hatsi na zagaye ko tsalle. A halin yanzu, manyan manoma na gero sune China, Indiya, wanda ba sau da yawa - Ukraine, Rasha, Kazakhstan.
Shin kuna sani? Ana amfani da gero a matsayin nau'in aminci. Idan dasa shuki amfanin gona na hunturu don wasu dalilai bai tsira, amfani da gero.
Bukatun shara
Mafi kyawun zaɓi don girma gero ne ƙasa marar ƙasa ko ƙwayar ƙasa. A cikin yanayin germination a wasu kasa, wajibi ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani ma'adinai na musamman, tun da tushen al'ada ba su sanya abubuwa masu amfani ba.
Gero ba ya yarda da ƙasa mai acid, mafi kyau ga ƙwayar noma - tsaka-tsakin ƙasa. Gero yana buƙatar abubuwa masu yawa na ƙasar. A kan ƙasa mai yawa tare da babban zafi sprouts mutu.
Mai kyau da mummunan magabata
Naman saro ne mafi kyau a yi a ƙasa bayan tattara kayan legumes, clover, flax, hatsi ko amfanin gona da bace. Ba'a so a shuka shuka bayan hatsi, sunflower, Sudan. Ba'a iya amfani da millet a juyawa na amfanin gona a matsayin monoculture, saboda akwai hadarin cututtukan fungal.. Masara yana aiki ne a matsayin wanda ba a so bane, tun lokacin da aka kwance shi zuwa kamuwa da cuta ta mota.
Yana da muhimmanci! Rashin shiga cikin farfado na gero har zuwa mita biyu. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a yi noma shi a wuraren da ake fama da fari.
Ƙasa gona don gero
Don tabbatar da iyakar yawan amfanin gona, ana gabatar da nitrogen da phosphate takin mai magani. Ba kamar sauran al'adu ba gero, takin tare da takin mai magani nitrogenous, maimakon iko kore mai tushe yana ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa. A karkashin noma, ana amfani da takin ammoniya-nitrogen. A farkon noma da aka hadu da nitrate. Organics saboda girma daga weeds suna da shawarar yin lokacin da girma da magabata.
Jiyya na seedlings tare da micronutrients rasa a cikin ƙasa zai zama tasiri. A farkon kakar girma, an gabatar da abubuwa phosphorous don tada girma daga tsarin tushen. Don kafawar hatsi guda daya, ana amfani da yawan amfanin taki: nitrogen - 1.5 kg; phosphoric - 2.0-3.5 kg; potash - 1.0 kg.
Zabi na iri da kuma shirye-shirye na tsaba don shuka
Yanayin kulawa da cikakken aiki na tsaba kafin shuka shine tabbatar da girbi mai kyau. Akwai fiye da ɗari biyar nau'i na gero. Lokacin da zaɓin tsaba, wajibi ne a la'akari da halaye da ƙayyadadden yanayin girma na amfanin gona: asawan ruwa, ruwan sama, takin gargajiya, ƙwayar cuta, germination, germination lokacin, zazzabi.
Dole ne a zabi hatsi bisa ga yaduwa a cikin namo dangane da yankinku. A cikin Ukraine, akwai kimanin goma sha tara iri na gero, wanda Veselopodolyanskoe 176, Veselopodolyanskoe 16, Kievskoe 87, Omriyane, Mironovskoe 51, Kharkovskoe 31, Slobozhansky ne rare.
Don inganta yaduwar cutar da kuma cututtuka na tsaba na hatsi, an yi amfani da rigakafin rigakafi. An yi maganin magani a gaba (makonni biyu). Don dasa shuki amfani da tsaba na ƴan ƙungiya da kuma na Illinois. Don ƙara yawan makamashi na germination, ana kwantar da tsaba a cikin iska a cikin mako, sau da yawa juyawa.
Don yin rigakafi, zaka iya amfani da kwayoyi irin su "Fenoram", "Baytan", "Vitavaks". An shirya shuka a gaba da shirya bayani. Yana da shawara don ƙara abubuwa masu fim don warwarewa. Ana fitar da tsaba da aka farfasa, kuma sauran suna tattarawa a cikin tari, an rufe shi da zane da aka gudanar na sa'o'i biyu. Bayan wannan hanya, ana kwantar da tsaba a sake.
Shin kuna sani? Kasashen gero ne kasar Sin. A can, sun fara noma a cikin karni na 3 BC.
Mafi kyau kwanakin don shuka hatsi
Kowane manomi ya yanke shawarar kansa lokacin da ya shuka hatsi. A lokacin da ake shuka hatsi a cikin hunturu, ana ɗaukar dusar ƙanƙara a cikin filayen kuma ana kayyade snow thawing.
Shuka gero a spring da za'ayi a lokacin da kasar gona a zurfin seeding 4-5 cm warmed zuwa 10-12 ºC. Idan kun shuka tsaba a farkon, seedlings suna bayyana da kyau kuma filin ya zama tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire, kuma harbe zasu iya daskare lokacin da ragowar sun fara.
Idan ya kasance mai tsire-tsire a lokacin da ake bushewa daga ƙasa, tofancin shuka zai zama maras kyau kuma tushen tsarin ba zai da tushe sosai. An shuka hatsi a ƙarshen Afrilu kuma ya ƙare a tsakiyar Yuni. A lokacin da shuka amfanin gona a kan wani kore taro, shuka ya ƙare a watan Yuli.
Akwai nau'i-nau'i na gero iri-iri, wanda ake amfani dashi don samar da amfanin gona na biyu. An shuka bayan girbi amfanin gona na hunturu da shekara-shekara a karshen Yuli.
Hanyar shuka hatsi
Cibiyar agrotechnology na shuka hatsi ta kai tsaye ya dogara ne akan haihuwa da ƙaddamar da ƙasa don namo. Idan ƙasa don gero ne sosai m, tare da matsakaici zafi da kuma bayyana daga weeds, amfani linear gero.
A cikin yankuna masu magani da ƙananan ƙwayoyi a cikin ƙasa ana amfani dasu m-jere da guda-jere (nisa tsakanin layuka na 45 centimeters) hanya. Shirye-shiryen shinge tare da hanyar belt 65x15x15. A daidai wannan lokacin, nauyin shuka na 1 hectare na hanya ita ce nauyin tsaba 3.0-4.0 (20-30 kg), jeri-jere - tsaba miliyan 2.5 (17-18 kg).
Farfesa na noma ya nuna cewa don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa, hanyar da za a shuka shro yana karɓa. Yayin da ake aiki tare da hanya mai fadi, gero bai samar da irin wannan amfanin ba, ya kamata a yi amfani dashi don samar da iri.
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin rata tsakanin shirye-shirye na kasar gona don shuka da seeding ya zama kadan don haka danshi ba ya ƙafe.
Kula da albarkatun hatsi
Kula da amfanin gonar amfanin gona shine a cikin dasa bayanan dasa-wuri da kuma fitowarwa da tsire-tsire na seedlings. Gidan da aka yi wa lakabi na yin motsa jiki da kuma zane-zane. Ana amfani da hatsi a cikin wuraren da bazaar yin amfani da tsaba da yawa a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen busawa da kuma kara yawan ƙwaya.
Don damuwa amfani da raga mai haske, shuka, tine harrows. Makasudin shi ne don samar da ƙarancin tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Ana yin tayar da hankali a wani tsayi na karami mai zurfi don kada ya lalata gero, lokacin da tsawo na seedling ya daidaita da tsawo na hatsi. Boron a fadin sabbin shuka a gudun 5 km / h.
Sauran amfanin gona na biyu shine damuwa lokacin da shuka ya fara bunƙasa. Idan ana buƙatar damuwa a lokacin ƙwayar iri, anyi shi ne tare da ɗakuna.
Gudanar da sako da cutar da kuma cutar kariya
Kwancen jinsin 2-3 ana gudanar da su a kan tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire. An fara yin maganin farko a kan zurfin 4 cm, lokacin da tsaba suka girma, mafi girma daga 2 cm.
A lokacin da ake buƙatar buƙatar sigin hatsi don ajiyewa don karfafa tushen tsarin amfanin gona. An hada hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a hanyoyin sarrafa hanyoyi da hanyoyin sunadarai domin kula da ciwon daji. Don kawar da amfanin gona na yau da kullum aikace-aikace herbicide a lokacin da ake shuka ƙasa don shuka. Girmaro gero shine cin lokaci, cinyewar lokaci.
Makullin samun nasara a kare kare gero daga cututtuka (melanosis, smut) da kwari (thrips, aphid, sauro na gero, moriyar asu) yana dacewa da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire. Wajibi ne don samar da suturar gero tare da sinadarai, idan kwari ko cututtuka na iya haifar da mummunan lalacewar tattalin arziki.
Shin kuna sani? Gero yana da wadata a cikin furotin na halitta, wanda, ba kamar nama ba, ba ya acidify kuma baiyi guba da jiki ba tare da acid mai tsaftace ba.
Girbi mai girbi
Ƙarshen mataki na girma gero shine girbi. Gero na balaga marar kuskure, saboda haka ana tsaftacewa ta hanya dabam. Alamar alamar hatsi shine rawanin ma'auni na Sikeli. Bevel faraidan kimanin kashi 80 cikin dari na amfanin gona ya karu, gero a cikin tudu na inflorescence ya cikakke cikakke, tsakiya na inflorescence ya taso, kuma kasa baya cikakke.
Don kada a rasa amfanin gona wanda ba ya da nasaba, ana saro gero ne ta hanyar da kasa ta fi girma a ciki. A lokacin da aka yanka tsire-tsire ya bar 20 cm high, ana jujjuya igiya a cikin layuka. Nemi hatsin girbi a cikin kwanaki biyar, lokacin da zafi ya kai 14%. Ana ajiye hatsi a cikin yanayin zafi ba fiye da 13% ba. 
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin da cire gero, tabbatar da sarrafa iko na tsawo na mai tushe, ingancin kayan aikin ɓaure, mutunci da tsarki na hatsi.
