Golshtinsky (Holstein-Friesian) kiwo irin shanu - daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so a cikin duniya.
Mafi yawan da aka samu a cikin Amurka, Kanada, wasu kasashen Turai, amma yanzu yana da girma a wasu sassa na duniya.
Tarihin Holstein irin
Wannan nau'i mai ban mamaki yana da tarihi mai ban sha'awa. Ta faru daga dutse baki da farikawo shi Amurka baya a farkon karni na karshe. Na farko irin wannan Burenka an sayo ta wani manomi na Amurka. V. Cheneri a 1852 a Netherlands.
Ya yaba da yawancin nauyin, kuma a sakamakon shekaru masu yawa na aikin noma, ya fito da sabon sahihanci. Da farko ta Holstein-Friesianamma a farkon shekarun 1980 samu sunan Golshtinsky.
A cikin 1861 An yarda da ita a Amurka, kuma shekaru 10 daga baya, aka kirkiro Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya na Holstein-Frisian, kuma littafin su ya fito. To 1905 a kasar akwai wasu fiye da 7,000 shugabannin wannan nau'in.
An rarraba dabbobi da yawan amfanin ƙasa da kyakkyawan ingancin madara da aka samar.. Har yanzu ana amfani da Holstein-friezes a cikin kiwo don hayewa tare da wasu, ba tare da alamar wadansu iri iri ba.
Akwai kuma sauran nau'in shanu, kamar: Black motley, Jersey, Simmental, Aishir, Red Steppe, Yaroslavl, Kholmogory.
Bayyana shanu
Babban fasalin Holsteins shine canza launin. Ta dole ne farin tare da manyan baki aibobi.
Akwai mutane masu launin launi mai tsabta, amma akwai kullun kananan fararen kafa a kafafu da wutsiya.
Yanayin rarrabewa:
- babban, mai girma-set tayin-dimbin yawa nono;
- zurfin kirji 80-87 cmnisa 65 cm;
- mai karfi mai karfi;
- dogon lokaci, daɗaɗɗun kafar;
- dawo har zuwa 63 cm;
- jiki ne babba, nau'i-nau'i-nau'i.
An yi la'akari da ainihin siffar nauyin high yi da kuma manyan nono band.
Halaye
Golshtinsky - da kiwo a cikin duniya. Hanyoyin man fetur da mai ƙoshi sun dogara ne akan yanayin kiyayewa da abinci mai gina jiki. Alal misali, a Isra'ila daga mutum ɗaya zai iya samun kimanin ton 10 na madara a kowace shekaratare da mai abun ciki ba shi da fiye da 3%. A cikin Amurka Wadannan bayanan sun bambanta daban-daban: 8 ton a kowace shekaraamma abun mai yafi fiye da 3.5%.
Yayin rana wani ladybug zai iya ba fiye da 70 kilogiram na madara. Tare damadaidaicin ruwan madara kamar milking 2.5 kg / min.
Nauyin dabba mai girma zai iya bambanta. daga 600 (heifers) har zuwa 1000 kilogiram (kilo). Tare da abincin da aka inganta, waɗannan alamun zasu iya karuwa zuwa 900 da 1300 kg, bi da bi. Tsayin da aka yi wa maras saniya yana kusa 145 cm, da kuma bijimin - fiye da 1.5 m.
Yara jarirai calves yayi la'akari da matsakaicin kilo 35-45. Jiki jiki yana girma da karɓar nauyin da sauri. A shekara suna da Nauyin nauyi shine 250-300 kgcewa ga nau'in kiwo ba na hali ba ne. Amma ƙayyadadden abincin nasu shine ƙananan, ba fiye da 60%.
Hotuna
Hoton "Golshtinskoy" irin shanu:
Gina da kuma kulawa
Koci na Holstein suna da tsauri sosai kuma suna buƙatar abinci da kiyayewa. A cikin yanayin Siberia, yankunan arewacin Rasha, sun kusan ba su tsira. Su ne suna buƙatar ma'auni mai mahimmanci da ma'aunin zafin jiki, buƙatar tsaftacewa da tsaftacewa na yau da kullum, wankewa da kwanciya mai kyau.
A cikin gonaki, suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin hanya mara kyau. Idan ba a bin waɗannan bukatu ba, dabbobin suna samun karuwar rigakafi.. Suna iya zama masu cutar cututtuka.
Yana da muhimmanci: Ba a bada shawara ga sufuri ba.. Ba su jure wa harkokin sufuri da kuma duk wata hanyar kiwon lafiya ba saboda tsananin karfin da suke ciki ga danniya.
Duk wani karkacewa daga halaye na al'ada ya rage yawan amfanin madara da nauyin dabba. Wadannan shanu buƙatar karfi, daidaita da bambancin abinci.
A cikin hunturu a cikin abincin su dole ne a kasance masara, ciyawa da wake, abinci mai cin abinci, bitamin da kuma ma'adanai, amfanin gona na tushen, silage, hayaki mai kyau. A lokacin rani buƙatar samar da iko sabon ciyawa da abinci.
Cututtuka
Kogin Holstein bambanta kyakkyawan lafiya. Suna da karfi sosai, kuma ba za su iya yin rashin lafiya ba idan ba su bi dokoki na kiyayewa ba.
Idan bai isa da hankali ga tsabta da tsabta bato, Dabba zai iya cutar da cututtukamisali necrobacteriosis ko leptospirosis.
Ana gudanar da magani bayan binciken gwaji, ta hanyar injection intramuscular. maganin rigakafi.
Yana da muhimmanci: Tare da abun ciki a kan zane akwai hadarin mastitis.
Abin takaici Tsawon shanu yana da ƙananan ƙananan. A matsayinka na doka, suna kula da fiye da 3 calvings.
Tsarin shayarwa
A cikin kiwo na irin, ingancin kires yana taka rawar gani. Sau da yawa ana amfani da su don haye tare da wakilan sauran nau'in, don ƙara yawan aiki. Tsomawa ga samar da madara yana da amfani sosai, amma idan an kiyaye shi daidai.
Wadannan dabbobi suna tushen tushen kiwo a kasashe da dama. Babban aiki na kiwo shi ne kara yawan alamu ba kawaiamma kuma nama. Don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa sau ɗaya a shekara kana buƙatar wajibi ne.
A cikin ƙwarewa da gyaran Holsteins, yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar da ba kawai abinci mai kyauamma kuma Daidaita bin dokoki na abun ciki. Lokacin zabar wata sãniya, ya kamata a tuna cewa wannan a kanta shi ne quite iri mai tsada. Bugu da ƙari, yana buƙatar kuɗi mai yawa domin ciyar da kiyayewa. Ƙasar kashe kanta Harshen Holstein kadai a cikin sha'anin kulawa mai kulawa.
