Ana rarraba kochids na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ta tsaba fiye da sau da yawa fiye da wasu hanyoyi. Yawancin lokaci, wannan hanya ta kasance a lokacin da ya zama dole don cimma fitowar sababbin nau'in shuka wanda ya bambanta a launi na furanni ko ganye.
Wannan yana bukatar wasu ilimin da basira, kuma mafi girma mahimmanci hakuri. Amma yin wannan aiki mai wuya, a ƙarshe, ladaba ba zai yi tsawo ba, ƙwayar sabuwar shuka za ta bayyana, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan flowering mai kyau zai zama faranta ido.
Mene ne wannan hanyar kiwo?
Yin jima'i na tsire-tsire ana yi ta shuka tsaba. A wannan yanayin, musayar kwayoyin halitta tana faruwa. Hanyar canja wurin dabi'un iyaye suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiwon amfanin gona, kuma yana sa ya yiwu a samar da sababbin nau'o'in iri iri iri na irin nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da tsaba suna fitowa daga furanni. Jigon samun tsaba tare da amfrayo na sabon shuka shi ne hadi na ovum tare da kwayar pistil, ta haifar da 'ya'yan itace, sa'an nan kuma wani nau'i ya fito daga' ya'yan ovules.
Gwani da kuma fursunoni
Girman shuka shine tsari mai rikitarwa, tare da amfani da rashin amfani. Ya kamata a fahimci cewa orchids ba su da samar da kayan abinci ko endosperm. Abinda ya bambanta shi ne cewa kayan na gina jiki ƙananan ƙananan, kuma suna a cikin toho.
Mafi yawan tsaba sukan mutu a lokacin shuka. A yayin da iri ya tsiro, ya zama kamar tuber kamar tsari ko ladabi. Domin ya yi kama da tsauraran tsire-tsire, wato, zai iya karya fasalin kwayoyin halitta cikin sauki, ya kamata a kamu da shi tare da naman gwari. Amma shuka zai iya har yanzu mutu. Ko kuwa saboda orchid yana da rauni, kuma naman gwari zai rushe iri. Ko dai tsarin shuka ba shi da karfi sosai kuma ba zai iya samun kamuwa ba.
Abubuwa:
- Ajiye a bisani na gaba na chromosomes na mahaifa da na uba.
- Sakamakon hakan shine tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire.
Fursunoni:
- Na farko Bloom a 4-5 shekaru.
- Tabbatar da iyakar sterility lokacin dasa.
- Very kananan tsaba. Bugu da ƙari, suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka.
- Ana buƙatar matsakaici na gina jiki.
A ina za a samu iri, da nawa ne kudin?
Za'a iya sayo tsaba a wata kantin kayan ado ko an umarce su daga wani kantin yanar gizo. Hanyar da ta fi rikitarwa ita ce don samun tsaba da kanka daga bolls.wanda aka kafa a kan orchid na phalaenopsis. Kudin da aka kiyasta a Moscow shine kimanin 400 rubles, a St. Petersburg - 300 rubles.
Menene hoto yake kama da su?
Orchid tsaba suna da ƙananan, kamar ƙurar ƙura. A lokacin kakar zasu iya kaiwa zuwa miliyan. Ya kamata a lura da cewa su ne mummunan tsire-tsire.
Duba yadda furen furen ke dubawa a cikin hoto:
Yaya za a fita daga flower a gida?
Domin samun tsaba a gida kana buƙatar pollination. Za ku buƙaci ɗan goge baki da furanni biyu. Yin aikin pollination zai iya zama gicciye (daga wani orchid zuwa wani) ko a hanya kai tsaye a kan wani shuka.
Yana da muhimmanci! Duk furanni sai dai saman ya kamata a kashe shi.
- Bukatar amfani da furanni mafi girma.
- Kwaro mai wuya yana da sauƙi don cire takalma. Don yin wannan, lallai ya zama dole ka danna takalmin takalmin, saboda kullun da yake dashi (m), zai tsaya ga tootot kuma ya motsa daga flower.
- Sa'an nan kuma kana bukatar ka kyauta taya daga Sikeli. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da wani ɗan ƙaramin hakori ko masu tweezers.
- Dole tsabtace takalma dole ne a haɗe zuwa adadin taya na wani fure.
Idan duk abin da aka aikata daidai, to, bayan watanni 3-8 da iri ya kamata ya girma. Kimanin watanni uku, wajibi ne a saka jakar a kan akwatin nau'in, in ba haka ba, a lokacin da ya fashe, duk tsaba zasu watse. Fabric don jakar da kake buƙatar zaɓar breathable. Kafin amfani da jakar ya kamata a bufa.
Lokacin saukowa mai kyau
Kuna iya shuka phalaenopsis a kowane lokaci na shekara, babban abu shi ne samar da shi tare da yanayin girma. Lokacin mafi dacewa shine bazara. A wannan lokacin, duk sharaɗɗan sharaɗi na rayuwa mai dadi na shuka.
Menene damar da ƙasa don zaɓar?
Ya kamata a shuka tsaba a kan kafofin watsa labarun agar, saboda ba su da kayan da ke ginawa, an rage amfrayo sosai. Don dasa tsaba:
- bankuna daga karkashin mafita don masu cin abinci, sun rufe tare da katako;
- gwajin gwaji;
- gilashin gilashi;
- gwangwani tare da hatimin sutura.
Lokacin amfani da gwangwani tare da dunƙuler iyakoki, tabbatar da yin ramuka a cikin iyakoki. Suna buƙatar shigar da ƙananan sashi na tube gilashi. Sanya saƙar ulu a ciki. Dole a yi haka don iska ta iya shiga cikin kwalba, kuma gashin auduga yana zama abin rufewa daga turbaya da kwayoyin.
Mataki na mataki umarni: yadda za a shuka wani shuka?
Yi la'akari da yadda za a dasa furanni da tsaba a gida.
Shiri
Don shuka tsaba orchid, wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar matsakaici na gina jiki. Ana iya saya a cikin shagon, ko dafa kanka. Ga gwangwani 200-gram za ku buƙaci:
- Ruwan da aka shafe - 100-15 0ml.
- Taki don orchids - 2-3 gr.
- Sugar - 1 gr.
- Honey - 1g.
- Agar-Agar - 3-4 gr. Zaka iya maye gurbin dankalin turawa ko masarar masara (20 grams).
- Kayan aiki - ¼ kwamfutar hannu.
- Puree kore ayaba - 5-7 gr.
- Kamfanin da aka yi amfani da shi, banana dole ne a kara shi a cikin wani abun ciki.
- Ƙara sukari zuwa ruwan da aka gurbata, kawo zuwa tafasa da kuma hada dukkanin sinadaran tare da warware matsalar.
- Bayan jiran thickening, cire cakuda daga kuka.
Sterilization da zube na na gina jiki matsakaici
Matakan na gina jiki a cikin kwalba. An adana shi cikin firiji don da yawa makonni. Tabbatar cewa kwalba don dasawa dole ne a haifuwa. Don yin wannan, saka shi a kasa na kwanon rufi da ruwa kuma tafasa don kimanin minti 30 bayan tafasa. Sterilization yana buƙatar sau 2.
Disinfection na dasa kayan
Kafin yin shuka tsaba, wajibi ne a yi disinfect. Alal misali, saƙa su cikin maganin antiseptic. Da shawarar shuka iri akwatin kafin dipping a ethyl barasa da kuma saita shi a kan wuta.
Yana da muhimmanci! Akwatin kada ta bushe.
Yanke shi tare da wuka da bakararre kuma zuba shi cikin kwalba bakararre agar.
Shuka
Don amfanin gonar shuka shi ne mafi kyau don amfani da mai ƙonawa. Don yin wannan, hannunka dole ne a bi da shi tare da maganin antiseptik ko amfani da safofin asali. Bayan tsaftacewa da tsaftace farfajiya na farantin, an sanya banki akan shi. Ya kamata a danƙa wutar.
- Samo tsaba daga cikin akwatin. Yi wannan tare da kayan aikin bakararre.
- An yi wa wuyan gilashin don ɗaukar wuta.
- Zuba tsaba cikin kwalba.
- Sa'an nan kuma rike wuyan gilashi a kan wuta, rufe murfin.
Akwai hanya na biyu na shuka tsaba.
- Don yin wannan, yana da muhimmanci don yin ramuka a cikin ɗakunan ajiya kuma rufe su da rubutun tebur.
- Lokacin yin amfani da wannan hanya, an sanya tsaba a cikin kashi 3 bisa dari na hydrogen peroxide.
- Zuba ruwan magani a cikin sirinji kuma zuba shi a cikin kwalba ta cikin rami.
- Bayan shuka, yana da muhimmanci don saka idanu iri iri.
- Idan ana samuwa akan kwalba, dole ne a cire maɓallin na gina jiki da tsaba daga gare ta.
Na farko harbe zai bayyana cikin watanni 1-2.
Na farko watering
Kafin dasa shuki shuke-shuke matasa a ƙasa mai kyau don orchids, ba sa bukatar a shayar da su. Wajibi ne don yad da gogewa tare da ruwa mai laushi a dakin da zafin jiki. Ya kamata a riƙa zama dan kankanin rigar.
Ƙarin kula
- Haskewa Fitilar rarraba ya fi so. Rana mai haske yana da akalla sa'o'i 12.
- Zazzabi Yanayin da ake bukata don girma shine digiri 20-23. Bayan kimanin shekara guda, shuke-shuke da tsire-tsire za su buƙaci a juye su a cikin ƙasa mai yalwa, wadda ta ƙunshi yankakken kullun coniferous, burbushin sphagnum, fern rhizomes a cikin wani rabo na 1: 1: 1.
Girma wani orchid daga zuriya yana haifar da matsalolin da yawa. Bayan shan taba tare da su, zaku iya kallon shekaru masu yawa da kyawawan furannin sabon shuka.
