Kayan lambu

Hanya mafi kyau don ƙara germination na karas. Ta yaya rayuwar rayukan tsaba zai shafi yawan amfanin ƙasa?

Seed germination ne mai muhimmanci halayyar cewa ya nuna daidai nawa na sown karas za a iya girma. Saboda haka, kafin saukowa, duba wannan sigar. Bari mu tantance irin yadda ake duba germination, a kan abin da ya dogara - kuma ko zai yiwu ya inganta wannan adadi kafin saukowa ya fara.

Daga labarin za ku koyi abin da aka la'akari da lokacin da aka ƙayyade germination, akwai bambanci a dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma siffar filin, dalilin da ya sa yake da muhimmanci a duba shi kafin dasa, kuma ko ya dogara ne akan rayuwar rayuwar dangin. Nemo hanyoyin mafi kyau don gwadawa da kuma ƙara germination na karas.

Mene ne?

Da farko, ya zama dole don sanin cewa germination na tsaba ne kullum. Wannan kalma yana nufin rabo tsakanin yawan adadin tsaba da wadanda suke cikinsu, wanda a wasu yanayi ya ba da tsire-tsire. Gaskiya, idan ka dauki mutum 100 na karas (ko wata shuka - an ƙaddara germination ga kowane al'adun), don sanya a cikin yanayi masu dacewa da kuma lokacin da aka kirga su gano cewa 87 daga cikinsu sun yi girma - wannan yana nufin cewa germination shine kashi 87% musamman ga wannan nau'in tsaba.

Bugu da kari, a lokacin da aka ƙayyade yaduwar kwayar cutar:

  • Yanayia cikin abin da tsaba germinated.
  • Lokaci, saboda abin da suka kafa seedlings.

Dukkan wannan, kuma wani don kowane al'adu daban-daban a gonar masana'antu an bayyana shi ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun ka'ida.

Laboratory da filin - menene bambanci?

Germination yana da nau'i biyu:

  1. Laboratory.
  2. Field.

Bambanci tsakanin su shine kamar haka.:

  • Ɗakin Laboratory An ƙaddamar da germination a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje akan samfurori. Masana sunyi haka ne: dauki wasu samfurori daga nau'in iri (yawanci a kalla 4) tare da tsaba 100 a kowace - kuma ya sa su a dakin gwaje-gwaje.
  • Field An ƙaddamar da germination a kan filin bayan an shuka tsaba. Jimlar yawan tsaba da aka shuka a kan mãkirci an ɗauka, adadin seedlings ana kidaya - sannan kuma an ƙidaya yawan ƙwayar cuta. Idan an yi shuka a filin, to ana lissafta lissafin la'akari da nauyin shuka (an kafa su ne don hannu) da kuma yawan harbe a wani yanki.

Tsarin fannin noma shine koyaushe ƙananan fiye da dakin gwaje-gwaje. A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na ci gaban dukkanin tsaba da suke da ikon wannan an taɓa shi. A cikin filin, babu shakka, wasu daga cikin tsaba ko seedlings sun mutu daga kwari, cututtuka, cin zarafin aikin injiniya da wasu dalilai.

A wasu lokuta, bambancin zai iya zama mai tsanani - har zuwa 20-30%. Karas suna daga cikin tsire-tsire wanda tsire-tsire mai banbanci ya bambanta da dakin gwaje-gwaje: tsire-tsire mara kyau, kwari ko sanyi na iya lalacewar, da kuma tsaba mai mahimmanci.

Me ya sa yake da muhimmanci a duba kafin shiga?

Seed germination ba ka damar sanin yawan adadin seedlings za a iya fatan ga. Kuma wannan, bi da bi, yana ba da damar:

  1. Aƙalla kimanta yawan abin da ake sa ran.
  2. Ƙayyade ko yana da mahimmanci don shuka wannan tsari na tsaba. Idan ƙwayar cuta ta yi yawa, kada ku yi amfani da shi: za ku ciyar lokaci da ƙoƙari, ku shafe yankin da ku shuka wani abu.
  3. Mafi girman yawan kwayar cutar germination, ƙananan ƙwayar iri. Lokacin da karamin ya bada akalla 70% germination - ana iya shuka tsaba a cikin kimanin 0.5 g ta mita 1. m Tare da ƙananan germination rate ƙara - har zuwa 1 g da 1 square. m

Mene ne yake dogara?

Gudura ya dogara ne akan waɗannan dalilai:

  • Kyakkyawan da balaga na iri iri. Idan an girbe tsaba ba tare da ƙarancin ba, ajiyayyu ba daidai ba, lalacewa, yawancin kwayar cutar suna ragewa, a wasu lokuta zuwa ba kome.
  • Yanayin da aka adana tsaba. Idan an adana tsaba da yawancin iska ko matsananciyar iska, tsayi ko matsanancin yanayin zafi - wani ɓangare zai mutu kuma mutuwa zata rage.
  • Lokacin ajiya. Yawancin an adana tsaba - yawancin sun mutu.

Ta yaya ya danganta da rayuwa?

Rayayyun rai na tsaba da kuma yawan germination suna da alaka da kai tsaye: rayuwar rayuwa ta na nufin lokacin lokacin da nau'i na germination ya ragu a ƙasa da ka'idar da aka kafa ta hanyar jihar ko wani takardun tsari. Sakamakon haka, ana iya ganin tsaba da har yanzu zasu iya girma a cikin manyan ƙididdiga masu dacewa, suna la'akari da asarar da ba za a iya ba.

Mene ne rayuwar rayuwa ta yau?

Kwanan wata ƙarancin amfanin gonar kowane amfanin gona shine yawancin masu shuka shuke-shuken ya ƙaddara a lokacin jerin gwaje-gwaje. Sakamakon binciken su an rubuta su a cikin littattafai masu bincike, GOSTs da sauran takardun tsarin. Musamman ga karas, masu samar da iri suna amfani da GOST 32592-2013, GOST 20290-74 da GOST 28676.8-90.

Bugu da ƙari, Dole ne a yi la'akari da kwanan wata kunshin tsaba. Bisa ga Dokar sayarwa da sufuri na tsaba (wanda ya amince da umurnin Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma na Rasha na Ƙasar 707 na 1999), rayuwar rayuwar da aka sayarwa ta dogara ne akan lokacin buƙata. Irin wannan tsaba na tsaba a cikin jaka a cikin watan Oktoba 2018 zai kasance aiki har sai Disamba 2019.

Amma idan wannan yarjejeniya, bayan da aka dakatar da shi a cikin watanni na 2019, za a shirya shi a watan Janairu 2019, to, Disamba zai zama ƙarshen rayuwar rai.

Saboda haka, ya biyo bayan haka:

  • Lokacin lokacin da tsaba na karas ke iya tashi a cikin manyan abubuwa - shekaru 3-4 daga girbi. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine shekaru 1-2, bayan wannan lokacin zai zama wajibi don ƙara yawan ƙwayar iri a akalla sau ɗaya da rabi.
  • Yanayin zafi ya zama akalla 30% kuma ba fiye da 60% ba.
  • Temperatuur - daga 12 zuwa 16 digiri.
  • Dole a adana tsaba a ko dai a cikin kunshin opaque ko a cikin duhu.

Yadda za a duba tsaba?

Bayyanawa

Wannan hanya ya kamata a yi amfani dashi kadan kafin ainihin dasa na karas. Yana kama da wannan:

  1. A cikin ɗaki mai zurfi amma marar kyau an sanya shi a kan kasan gauze, a saman - rag da aka sanya sau da yawa daga lilin ko auduga.
  2. A kan rag fada barci tsaba - a hankali, a ko'ina.
  3. Rag soaked, amma don haka tsaye a kasa na ruwa ba ya rufe tsaba.
  4. An yi jita-jita da gilashi kuma an ajiye shi a cikin dumi (wato, akalla digiri 10). Ana bada shawara don juya zane a kowace sa'o'i 12.
  5. Bayan kwanaki 2-4, ya kamata ka zaba waɗannan tsaba da suka ragu (an bada shawarar yin amfani da tweezers - suna da ƙananan karamin karas) kuma ana amfani da su don dasa.

Wata hanyar ita ce mafi sauki, amma ba kawai damar ƙayyade ƙwayar cuta ba, kuma ba zaɓaɓɓun tsaba ba. Ga wannan:

  1. A cikin akwati da ƙananan ƙasa da ƙananan ƙananan wuri sun sanya wani Layer na kimanin 2 cm na ƙasa.
  2. Sa'an nan ku shuka tsaba.

Lambar ba ta da mahimmanci, amma yana da kyau idan lambobin su suna da yawa na 100 ko a kalla 50 - don sauƙin ɗaukar germination. An shayar da ƙasa kuma an sanya shi a wuri mai dumi (tare da zafin jiki ba kasa da digiri 20) na kwanaki 12-14 ba. Bayan haka, yawan ƙwayoyin sprouts ne kawai aka ƙidaya.

Yana da muhimmanci: Hanyar dasa a cikin akwatin shi ne mafi kusa da ƙaddamar da dakin gwaje-gwajen germination, amma ba ya ƙyale amfani da tsaba germinated: karas ba su girma ga seedlings.

An sanya a cikin ruwa

An sanya tsaba a kusan tasa guda kamar yadda ya faru a baya, ta cika da ruwa mai dumi kuma ta kiyaye kusan kimanin rana. Daga bisani an shuka tsaba, dan kadan aka bushe kuma ana amfani dasu don dasa shuki, ta zaɓar wadanda suke da kullun.

Wannan hanyar ba gwajin gwaji ba ne (ko da yake ana yin zaɓin), nawa ne. Saboda haka an bada shawara don amfani ba kawai ruwa ba, amma girma stimulant bayani a maganin da mai sayarwa ta tsara.

Tare da takardar bayan gida

Wannan hanya mai sauki ne:

  1. Ɗauki takardar bayan gida (mafi sauki, ba tare da dyes ko dandano ba).
  2. Ana dage farawa a cikin layuka 4-6 a kan farantin karfe kuma an shayar da shi da ruwa mai dumi.
  3. A kan takardar takarda da aka shimfiɗa ta tsaba a cikin nauyin 1 nau'i da 1 square. duba
  4. An sanya akwati a wuri mai dumi da aka gudanar a can, yayin da ta bushe, ta wanke takarda.
  5. Ana shuka shukiyar shuka, kuma ba a karɓa ba maras girma ba.

Wani zaɓi shine don amfani da kwalban filastik.:

  1. An yanke shi tsawon lokaci, 7-8 yadudduka takarda da aka sanya a ciki, an shayar da shi da sprinkler, kuma an sanya tsaba a ciki (a nesa da 1.5-2 cm daga juna.
  2. Sa'an nan kuma an gina wannan gini tare da polyethylene kuma ya bar a wuri mai dumi na kwanaki 10-14. Watering ba lallai ba ne: condensate kafa karkashin polyethylene Layer zai jimre wa kansa.
  3. Bayan sun ki amincewa da tsaba marasa iri, sauran sun kasance a shirye don dasa.

Saline bayani

Wannan hanya ta ba ka damar ƙayyade yadda za a shuka germination, yadda za a yi calibrate da kuma jefar da tsaba mara kyau. Ya ƙunshi waɗannan masu biyowa:

  1. An sanya tsaba a cikin wani bayani gishiri. Ƙarfinsa ya zama 5% (teaspoon na gishiri da lita na ruwa).
  2. An yi aiki na tsawon minti 40-60.
  3. Dukkanin tsaba an jefa su kuma sun jefar da su.
  4. Sauran tsaba ana wanke daga gishiri a cikin ruwa mai tsabta, an bushe dan kadan kuma ana amfani da shi don dasa.

Misalan amfani da sakamakon

Idan an gwada karamin tsaba na karas, za'a iya zaɓuɓɓuka masu biyowa:

  • Rashin amincewar jam'iyyar. Wannan zai yiwu idan aka yi amfani da germination a ƙasa - kuma ya nuna germination a kasa da 30%. Amfani don dasa irin wannan iri ba a bada shawara ba.
  • Ƙara yawan yawan iri. Wannan zai yiwu duk lokacin da ke tsiro a cikin ƙasa, da kuma yin amfani da wasu hanyoyi - yawanci ba dukkanin kayan ajiyar gonar lambu ko mai aikin gona ba ana gwada shi. Idan har shuka shine kimanin kashi 50-70% - ya kamata a kara yawan tarin iri. Idan harkar germination ta kasance a matakin gwaje-gwajen (watau, 90-95%) - zaka iya amfani da daidaitattun launi.
  • Calibration na tsaba da kuma kin amincewa da m. Wannan zabin ya dace idan an yi amfani da bayani saline: zaka iya sanya dukkan tsaba a cikinta. A wannan yanayin, a bayyane yake an cire tsaba da raunuka (wadanda suka ji raunuka, raguwa, da dai sauransu), kuma ana amfani da sauran don dasa. Duk da haka, dole ne mu tuna cewa: sabanin gishiri bai ce kome ba game da germination. Yana kawai ba ka damar cire matakan kayan aiki mara kyau.

Yadda za a ƙara yawan seedlings?

Ya kamata a tuna cewa: idan tsaba sun mutu, babu wani mataki da zai ba su damar tayar da su. Sabili da haka, matakan da za a kara ƙwayar germination an yi amfani ne kawai don hana karawar mutuwar tsaba, gyare-gyare da ke kasancewa da kuma bunkasa cigaba. Ana iya amfani da hanyoyi kamar haka.:

  • Jiƙa a cikin bayani tare da ƙarin ciyarwa.
  • Yi rigakafi don kawar da kayan mai kayan lambu wanda ke rarrabe kwayar cutar daga iska. An yi soaking domin kwanaki 10-15 tare da canji na yau da kullum na ruwa.
  • Warming sama
  • Disinfection a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate.
  • Pre-germination a zafin jiki na 25-28 digiri.

Daga germination na tsaba ya dogara da yawan shuke-shuke da za a iya samu a lokacin dasa. Mafi girman yawan kwayar cutar germination, ƙananan ƙwayar iri. Saboda haka, kafin shuka, ya zama dole don calibrate da tsaba da kuma duba yadda zasu iya hawa.